Nature Reviews Cancer, Published online: 16 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s41568-025-00905-9Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is defined by a fibroinflammatory microenvironment, which influences both disease progression and therapy response. In this Review, Arnold et al. outline our current understanding of the complex interplay between the stromal elements of the tumour microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and present ways we might use this knowledge to develop better therapeutic strategies for patients with pancreatic cancer.

Microenvironment; Natural sciences; Biological sciences; Immunology; Immune response