ExtractIt has long been known that pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with lung diseases and/or hypoxia may have a negative impact on functional state, exercise capacity, quality of life and survival [1]. While available data suggest a continuum of disease state with outcome, there has been a consensus among experts that a heart failure or “vascular” phenotype may predominate over background lung disease symptomatology, function and prognosis when PH is “severe” [1]. However, the definition of “severe PH” has evolved over time. In the 2015 European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) guidelines, “severe PH” was defined by a mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) >35 mmHg, or by an mPAP ≥25 mmHg with a cardiac index <2.5 L·min−1 [2, 3].

Cellular communication network 2 (CCN2) is a secreted matricellular protein associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) but has not been studied relative to PAH severity, outcomes, or right...

Drastic cuts to NIH-funded research will diminish the nation’s research capacity, slow scientific progress, and deprive patients, families, and communities.

NIH Funding Opportunities and Notices in the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts: Supplemental Guidance to the 2024 NIH Grants Policy Statement: Indirect Cost Rates NOT-OD-25-068. OD