Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 16/12/2025I am pleased to present a report that I prepared with Ali Aljasem on the synergy between international targeted sanctions and the new Syrian government's transitional justice efforts, published with the Observatory of Political and Economic Networks. opensyr.com/en/pages/p-40 000
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 16/12/2025Syrian transitional government orders locking up Assad mukhabarat documents instead of their authors. 010
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 17/05/2025🧅 Breaking news *** In a symbolic but significant move, the UK and the Netherlands say they will stop delivering spare parts of the F-55 in protest against Israel’s onslaught on Gaza. www.defenseone.com/policy/2025/...defenseone.comIs Trump’s ‘F-55’ fighter jet real?One former defense official said the president is “very confused.” 060
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 11/05/2025Brussels, today. Stop the genocide in Gaza. Those who like demos and don’t like genocide say 80,000 people. Those who don’t like demos and don’t mind genocide say 20,000. 020
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 10/05/2025Josep Borrell, you are kindly invited to join the umpteenth demonstration in Brussels tomorrow against Israel’s genocide in Gaza. You know, one of these demos that used to pass by your office. www.theguardian.com/world/2025/m...theguardian.comIsrael committing genocide in Gaza, says EU’s former top diplomatJosep Borrell also criticises EU response to what he calls largest ethnic cleansing operation since second world war 030
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 01/05/2025My paper together with Ali Aljasem in a collection of wonderful contributions on state and regime violence in the Middle East: “Revisiting Counter-revolutionary Repression and Mass Regime Violence in Syria, 2011-2012” pomeps.org/revisiting-c...pomeps.orgRevisiting Counter-revolutionary Repression and Mass Regime Violence in Syria, 2011-2012 - Project on Middle East Political ScienceReinoud Leenders, King’s College London & Ali Aljasem, Utrecht University When Syria witnessed largely peaceful mass protests and revolutionary mobilization between March 2011 and the end of 2012, the... 020
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 30/04/2025After all the chatter there will be facts, the positivist in me likes to think. www.theguardian.com/business/202...theguardian.comUS economy shrinks in first quarter of Trump 2.0 amid sweeping tariffsDrop comes amid a huge fall in consumer sentiment which in April dropped 32% to its lowest level since the 1990 recession 000
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 28/04/2025Is this some weird proposal for a deal and a threat at the same time? Either way, far from credible. What a total idiot drama queen. www.newarab.com/news/assads-...newarab.comAssad’s cousin Makhlouf claims new army to defend Syria’s coastRami Makhlouf, the billionaire cousin of Bashar al-Assad, has claimed to have regrouped former Assad regime forces in Syria’s coastal regions. 000
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 23/04/2025🧅? Trump administration scraps entire categories of abuses from all State Department human rights country reports. E.g. prison conditions and corruption no longer a concern. www.npr.org/2025/04/18/n...npr.orgThe State Department is changing its mind about what it calls human rightsThe agency's annual human rights reports are being purged of references to prison conditions, political corruption and other abuses. 010
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 23/04/2025Syrians plan protests coming “Friday of Anger”, demanding transitional justice and the start of trials against former regime officials and militiamen. An earlier “Friday of Anger” was on 29 April 2011. www.zamanalwsl.net/news/article...zamanalwsl.netجمعة الغضب .. دعوات للتظاهر في سوريا تحت شعار العدالة الانتقالية وبدء المحاكماتأطلق ناشطون سوريون دعوة عامة للخروج في مظاهرات ووقفات احتجاجية يوم الجمعة، الموافق 25 نيسان/أبريل 2025، عقب صلاة الجمعة، في مختلف المناطق السورية، 000
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 22/04/2025When the current 'transitional' government in Syria is not doing enough (anything?) about transitional justice, citizens will take take their own measures. From there to renewed civil war is an eerily small step. www.facebook.com/ZAMANALWSL.s...facebook.comزمان الوصل🔴 تصاعد أعمال "العدالة الانتقامية" في سوريا: إخفاق الحكومة في محاسبة رموز النظام السابق يفتح الباب للثأر الفردي #زمان_الوصل كشف معهد دراسة الحرب في واشنطن في أحدث تحديث له، عن تصاعد لافت في وتيرة... 000
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 22/04/2025After years of verbal violence defending and denying Syrian regime atrocities and mass destruction, diplomat wants his two houses back citing sacrosanctity of property rights. 🧅? 000
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 22/04/2025Rahif Aldoughli on Syria’s new technocrats and experts: They “function as a legitimizing frame that maintains elite male control while appearing modern, inclusive and efficient. It enables men like al-Sharaa to perform distance from jihadist or militarized pasts..” merip.org/2025/04/syri...merip.orgSyria's New Men - MERIPGender and the post-Asad political order. 010
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 19/04/2025When law firms fail to catch up with justice. Bridges claims that when it provided services to Rifaat al-Assad between 1999-2008 that it had been presented with evidence contradicting the allegations made against him. www.theguardian.com/law/2025/apr...theguardian.comQueen Elizabeth II’s solicitor managed offshore wealth for Assad’s uncleExclusive: Mark Bridges of Farrer & Co was trustee for Rifaat al-Assad, later charged with war crimes in 2024 021
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 18/04/202532,000$ for Syria's new president’s roundtrip per private jet to Antalya. I always assumed Salafis to be more stingy. www.facebook.com/reinoud.leen...facebook.comFacebook 000
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 18/04/2025However one looks at this and even when expected, this is outrageous. After babbling on for years about the diktat of 'state sovereignty' Russia denies the Syrian state to prosecute its own criminal-in-chief and that after whizzing him out of the country. www.middleeastmonitor.com/20250418-rus...middleeastmonitor.comRussia refuses to extradite Assad to Syria, diplomat saysThe Russian government is refusing to extradite former Syrian dictator Bashar al-Assad to Syria, despite ongoing talks between Moscow and the new authorities in Damascus for a reset in relations.... 000
Reposted by Reinoud LeendersSyria Notes @syrianotes.org · 18/04/2025At least 6,000 Syrian doctors work in Germany. Now many are going to help rebuild Syria’s shattered health system. German hospitals worry they won’t return. By @omaralbam.bsky.social and @cathrinschaer.bsky.social. www.dw.com/en/syrian-do...dw.comSyrian doctors leave Germany to work for free at home – DW – 04/15/2025After working in Germany, Syrian doctors are returning to their homeland to help rebuild Syria's shattered health system. German hospitals worry they won't return. 12411
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 18/04/2025#EU lifted assets freeze of 4 #Syrian state-owned banks that don’t have foreign reserves while other banks that do are still sanctioned. Jihad Yazigi of @syriareport.bsky.socialips-journal.eu‘US sanctions remain the biggest obstacle’Jihad Yazigi on the partial lifting of EU sanctions, the remaining US sanctions, and the impact on Syria’s economy and reconstruction efforts 021
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 17/04/2025The new government in Syria seems either incapable or unwilling to take transitional justice seriously. Major General Mahmoud Younis Ammar: released by a judge due to "advanced age" despite confessing to extortion of families of detainees who died under torture in prison. shaam.org/news/syria-n...shaam.orgفضيحة قضائية: لواء سابق متهم بالنصب على أهالي معتقلين يُخلى سبيله رغم الاعترافاتفي سابقة قضائية أثارت موجة غضب واسعة بين أهالي ضحايا الاعتقال والتعذيب في سوريا، كشف موقع زمان الوصل عن إفراج قاضية في دمشق عن اللواء المتقاعد محمود يونس ع 000
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 17/04/2025Regime officials, cash, sensitive data smuggled out of Syria when the regime fell, and the UAE having its fingerprints all over. Great reporting by Feras Dalatey and colleagues at Reuters. www.reuters.com/world/middle...reuters.comOperation Assad: the air mission to smuggle the Syrian despot's valuablesAs his enemies closed in on Damascus, Bashar al-Assad, who ruled over Syria with an iron fist for 24 years, used a private jet to spirit away cash, valuables and confidential documents mapping the corporate web behind his wealth. 010
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 11/04/2025Ali Aljasem and Mohammad Kanfash on Europe (once again) falling asleep as Israel goes on a rampage, now in Syria (in Dutch). www.trouw.nl/opinie/opini...trouw.nlOpinie: Israëls razernij in Syrië vraagt om een Europese reactieIsraël voert een zeer gevaarlijke campagne in Syrië. Dat vraagt om duidelijker optreden, vinden Mohammad Kanfash en Ali Aljasem. 010
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 09/04/2025This is impressive and so recognizable. edition.cnn.com/2025/03/21/T...edition.cnn.com‘The worst things human beings can do to one another’: How the war in Gaza made this author disillusioned with the West | CNNChristiane Amanpour speaks with Omar El-Akkad, the author of “One Day, Everyone Will Always Have Been Against This,” about his disappointment in the West’s reaction to the war between Israel and Hamas... 000
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 08/04/2025“Their wrongful detention of you is a testament to the fact that you have struck a nerve. You’ve disrupted the false narratives they’ve worked so hard to maintain, and spoken a truth that they are too terrified to acknowledge.” www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025...theguardian.com‘We will persist’: Mahmoud Khalil’s wife says pro-Palestinian voices won’t be silencedExclusive: Noor Abdalla attacks Columbia officials alongside Trump administration in letter to husband 020
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 08/04/2025After their no-show in Syria, one is inclined to believe there is some truth to this story. www.reuters.com/world/middle...reuters.comExclusive: Iran-backed militias in Iraq ready to disarm to avert Trump wrathSeveral powerful Iranian-backed militia groups in Iraq are prepared to disarm for the first time to avert the threat of an escalating conflict with the U.S. Trump administration, 10 senior commanders and Iraqi officials told Reuters. 000
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 07/04/2025www.thepolicyinitiative.org/article/deta...thepolicyinitiative.orgThe Policy Initiative - Captive to the Banks: How Karim Soueid’s appointment signals the end of reformIn our latest article, Sami Atallah and Sami Zoughaib argue that Karim Soueid’s appointment reflects elite consensus to block reform and protect banking interests, ending the president’s r... 000
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 02/04/2025"Ashraf Abu Labda, Raed Al-Sharif, Mohammed Bahloul, Mohammed Hilieh, Mustafa Khafaja, Saleh Muammar, Rifaat Radwan and Ezzedine Shaat, and their colleagues whose names I haven’t been able to find were heroes." www.theguardian.com/commentisfre...theguardian.comIsrael executes unarmed Red Crescent paramedics with the west’s blessing | Ahmed MoorAmerican and European leaders are the authors of this latest atrocity by their Israeli colleagues in Gaza 000
Reposted by Reinoud LeendersSteven Heydemann @stevenhyde.bsky.social · 26/03/2025Just out with @brookingslib.bsky.social on development and governance post-2011 in MENA and troubling implications for human security, voice, and accountability. www.brookings.edu/articles/eco...brookings.eduEconomic development, governance, and human security after the Arab uprisingsRegime responses have disempowered societies, insulating Arab autocrats from citizen demands for economic inclusion, accountability, and responsive governance. 042
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 26/03/2025When the uproar about the use of Signal for war planning obscures the even more disturbing nature of the messages’ content and of those who sent them. www.theguardian.com/commentisfre...theguardian.comWhat the accidentally leaked war group chat reveals about the Trump administration | Moira DoneganThanks to the Signal leaks, we can see how the administration acts when they think they are in private. It’s not a pretty sight 000
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 10/03/2025Can we please be informed which ones have been verified, not to mention how? "Syrians have circulated graphic videos of executions by fighters on social media, some of which have been verified by Reuters, including one showing at least 20 dead men in a town." www.reuters.com/world/middle...reuters.comNew Syrian leader Sharaa says killings of Alawites threaten unity, vows justiceSyria's interim President Ahmed Sharaa said mass killings of members of ousted President Bashar al-Assad's minority sect were a threat to his mission to unite the country, and promised to punish those responsible, including his own allies if necessary. 000
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 09/03/2025Syria's 'provisional' government creates a 'higher committee' to patch up relations with the predominantly Alawite coastal region. I am not sure the last few days' mayhem can be so easily buried in a committee. But wait for this: 1/ 100
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 06/03/2025More and more attacks by pro-Assad armed groups, ex-Political Security chief and 4th Division Ghaith Suleiman Dalla from Iraq issuing a statement mobilising against the HTS government. They seem to respond to HTS security forces stepping up arrests on the coast. www.facebook.com/syrianmoi/*facebook.com 000
Reposted by Reinoud LeendersSam Heller | سام هيلر @abujamajem.com · 27/02/2025Northwest Syria NGO Forum analysis substantiates impact of USAID funding freeze on humanitarian operations: reliefweb.int/report/syria...reliefweb.intPolicy Analysis: USAID Funding Freeze and Its Impact on The Humanitarian Response in Syria - Syrian Arab RepublicAnalysis in English on Syrian Arab Republic and 1 other country about Coordination, Food and Nutrition and more; published on 25 Feb 2025 by NWS NGO Forum 185
Reposted by Reinoud LeendersSyria Notes @syrianotes.org · 28/02/2025Searching for the Missing in Post-Assad Syria Lessons from the investigation of Mezzeh Military Airport Report by @sjac-info.bsky.social. Their documentation work has been suspended by the US foreign aid freeze. This was completed prior. syriaaccountability.org/searching-fo...syriaaccountability.orgSearching for the Missing in Post-Assad Syria: Lessons from the Investigation of Mezzeh Military AirportThis investigation by SJAC and the Association of Detainees and Missing Persons of Sednaya Prison (ADMSP) into detention at Mezzeh Military Airport provides in depth information on how the facility op... 02212
Reposted by Reinoud LeendersQusay Noor @qusaynoor.net · 24/02/2025Press Release on the #EU’s Suspension of Selected Sanctions 12813
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 23/02/2025ISW: "Putin is Unlikely to Demobilize in the Event of a Ceasefire Because He is Afraid of His Veterans." Ok, next war then? 000
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 22/02/2025Really? I am no fan of "Rojava", but what country cannot "afford" a degree of autonomy? I'd say it would be the least of Syria's problems or, in fact, solve one of them. foreignpolicy.com/2025/02/20/s...foreignpolicy.comIt’s Time for Syria’s Kurds to FoldKurdish autonomy is a problem that today’s Syria can’t afford. 000
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 22/02/2025Watch this before it is taken off the internet altogether. The children featuring in the documentary know their humanitarian law better than the grown-ups at the BBC. Their voices already are heartbreaking. Silencing them is soul destroying. rumble.com/embed/v6le9yu/rumble.comBBC: Gaza - How to Survive a Warzone - Rumble 010
Reposted by Reinoud LeendersSam Heller | سام هيلر @abujamajem.com · 19/02/2025Interested countries need to provide support to stabilize Syria’s state and economy, soon; otherwise, I worry December 8 may turn out to be less the turning point before Syria’s recovery and more just one station on the country’s downward trajectory and continued collapse. 1128
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 18/02/2025Another disaster unfolding thanks to Trump’s armchair attrocities. www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature...thenewhumanitarian.orgUS aid freezes escalate Syria’s crisisAid officials involved in the response say people are already suffering and predict huge problems ahead due to the abrupt end of programmes. 000
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 17/02/2025So arrests for the Taddamon massacre but Fadi Saqr goes free. Crime pays off, just make sure you are the biggest villain. apnews.com/article/syri...apnews.comSyria arrests 3 men suspected of links to Tadamon massacre in which hundreds were executedSyrian security forces have arrested three men linked to the 2013 Tadamon massacre, when government forces executed hundreds of blindfolded detainees, shooting them into a trench before setting their ... 000
Reposted by Reinoud LeendersSam Heller | سام هيلر @abujamajem.com · 15/02/2025@reuters.com's Timour Azhari on how Syrian authorities are now managing Assad-linked oligarchs and their multifarious business interests: www.reuters.com/world/middle...reuters.comExclusive: Syria's new leaders zero in on Assad's business baronsSyria's new rulers are combing through the billion-dollar corporate empires of ousted president Bashar al-Assad's allies, and have held talks with some of these tycoons, in what they say is a campaign to root out corruption and illegal activity. 0105
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 15/02/2025Sorry for repeating myself, Europe needs its own defense policy (and capability to match it). Because with a lunatic like Vance we will have to deal with another one nearby, in Russia. www.theguardian.com/world/2025/f...theguardian.com‘Thought crime’ and cancelled elections: how do JD Vance’s claims about Europe stand up?US vice-president told litany of tales of Europe’s rights infringements in speech to leaders at defence gathering 021
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 13/02/2025www.thepolicyinitiative.org/article/deta...thepolicyinitiative.orgThe Policy Initiative - Killing the Consociational Goose with the Golden Eggs (1)Reinoud Leenders, TPI senior fellow, unpacks how Lebanon’s power- and resource-sharing became quasi-synonymous, hence long engrained bad governance will not be overcome by ‘reforms’ ... 000
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 10/02/2025www.thepolicyinitiative.org/article/deta...thepolicyinitiative.orgThe Policy Initiative - Lebanon’s Crisis Is Systemic, Not MinisterialLebanon’s political establishment often touts ministerial rotation, factional exclusion, and the appointment of technocrats as the keys to reform. Are these proposed solutions genuine—or m... 000
Reposted by Reinoud LeendersFared Al Mahlool | فريد المحلول @faredalmahlool.bsky.social · 09/02/2025A mural in the city of #Bennish in honor of #Caesar 06113
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 09/02/2025Still digging for suspected underground cells. Haven’t prison guards been interrogated to know there are still people there? newlinesmag.com/spotlight/ho...newlinesmag.comHope and Despair at Assad's 'Human Slaughterhouse'New Lines reports from Sednaya Prison, where Syrians brave horrors in a desperate search for lost loved ones 000
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 09/02/2025www.theguardian.com/commentisfre...theguardian.comSyria’s revolution hangs in the balance. The west must lift sanctions now | Simon TisdallCompeting interests and rivalries between regional powers threaten hopes of change after the fall of Bashar al-Assad 000
Reposted by Reinoud LeendersRami Jarrah @ramijarrah.com · 07/02/2025To the left: Awarded amnesty & set free - Fadi Saqr, the man behind some of the most brutal massacres against civilians in Syria. To the right: Detained, terrorised, & threatened with mutilation - all for nothing more than dressing like a woman. A clear display of the Syrian state's priorities. 35418
Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 07/02/2025Fadi Saqr, former NDF militiaman, reportedly spotted in Tadamun, Damascus neighbourhood, suggesting an arrangement with the HTS government. Locals don't like it, staging protests. Another example of HTS' misguided policies, whether informed by 'pragmatism' or not. www.syria.tv/%D9%85%D8%B8...syria.tvمظاهرات في حي التضامن الدمشقي احتجاجاً على عودة "فادي صقر" | فيديوخرجت مظاهرة حاشدة في حي التضامن جنوبي العاصمة دمشق، اليوم الجمعة، احتجاجاً على زيارة أجراها القائد السابق في ميليشيا "الدفاع الوطني" التابعة لنظام 001