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Reinoud Leenders

@leendersreinoud.bsky.social
323 followers 213 following 140 posts

Reader in International Politics and Middle East Studies, King's College London, Department of War Studies. www.reinoudleenders.org All views expressed are my own.

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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 16/12/2025
I am pleased to present a report that I prepared with Ali Aljasem on the synergy between international targeted sanctions and the new Syrian government's transitional justice efforts, published with the Observatory of Political and Economic Networks. opensyr.com/en/pages/p-40
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 16/12/2025
Syrian transitional government orders locking up Assad mukhabarat documents instead of their authors.
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 17/05/2025
🧅 Breaking news *** In a symbolic but significant move, the UK and the Netherlands say they will stop delivering spare parts of the F-55 in protest against Israel’s onslaught on Gaza. www.defenseone.com/policy/2025/...
defenseone.com
Is Trump’s ‘F-55’ fighter jet real?
One former defense official said the president is “very confused.”
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 11/05/2025
Brussels, today. Stop the genocide in Gaza. Those who like demos and don’t like genocide say 80,000 people. Those who don’t like demos and don’t mind genocide say 20,000.
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 10/05/2025
Josep Borrell, you are kindly invited to join the umpteenth demonstration in Brussels tomorrow against Israel’s genocide in Gaza. You know, one of these demos that used to pass by your office. www.theguardian.com/world/2025/m...
theguardian.com
Israel committing genocide in Gaza, says EU’s former top diplomat
Josep Borrell also criticises EU response to what he calls largest ethnic cleansing operation since second world war
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 01/05/2025
My paper together with Ali Aljasem in a collection of wonderful contributions on state and regime violence in the Middle East: “Revisiting Counter-revolutionary Repression and Mass Regime Violence in Syria, 2011-2012” pomeps.org/revisiting-c...
pomeps.org
Revisiting Counter-revolutionary Repression and Mass Regime Violence in Syria, 2011-2012 - Project on Middle East Political Science
Reinoud Leenders, King’s College London & Ali Aljasem, Utrecht University When Syria witnessed largely peaceful mass protests and revolutionary mobilization between March 2011 and the end of 2012, the...
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 30/04/2025
After all the chatter there will be facts, the positivist in me likes to think. www.theguardian.com/business/202...
theguardian.com
US economy shrinks in first quarter of Trump 2.0 amid sweeping tariffs
Drop comes amid a huge fall in consumer sentiment which in April dropped 32% to its lowest level since the 1990 recession
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 28/04/2025
Is this some weird proposal for a deal and a threat at the same time? Either way, far from credible. What a total idiot drama queen. www.newarab.com/news/assads-...
newarab.com
Assad’s cousin Makhlouf claims new army to defend Syria’s coast
Rami Makhlouf, the billionaire cousin of Bashar al-Assad, has claimed to have regrouped former Assad regime forces in Syria’s coastal regions.
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 23/04/2025
🧅? Trump administration scraps entire categories of abuses from all State Department human rights country reports. E.g. prison conditions and corruption no longer a concern. www.npr.org/2025/04/18/n...
npr.org
The State Department is changing its mind about what it calls human rights
The agency's annual human rights reports are being purged of references to prison conditions, political corruption and other abuses.
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 23/04/2025
Syrians plan protests coming “Friday of Anger”, demanding transitional justice and the start of trials against former regime officials and militiamen. An earlier “Friday of Anger” was on 29 April 2011. www.zamanalwsl.net/news/article...
zamanalwsl.net
جمعة الغضب .. دعوات للتظاهر في سوريا تحت شعار العدالة الانتقالية وبدء المحاكمات
أطلق ناشطون سوريون دعوة عامة للخروج في مظاهرات ووقفات احتجاجية يوم الجمعة، الموافق 25 نيسان/أبريل 2025، عقب صلاة الجمعة، في مختلف المناطق السورية،
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 22/04/2025
When the current 'transitional' government in Syria is not doing enough (anything?) about transitional justice, citizens will take take their own measures. From there to renewed civil war is an eerily small step. www.facebook.com/ZAMANALWSL.s...
facebook.com
زمان الوصل
🔴 تصاعد أعمال "العدالة الانتقامية" في سوريا: إخفاق الحكومة في محاسبة رموز النظام السابق يفتح الباب للثأر الفردي #زمان_الوصل كشف معهد دراسة الحرب في واشنطن في أحدث تحديث له، عن تصاعد لافت في وتيرة...
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 22/04/2025
After years of verbal violence defending and denying Syrian regime atrocities and mass destruction, diplomat wants his two houses back citing sacrosanctity of property rights. 🧅?
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 22/04/2025
Rahif Aldoughli on Syria’s new technocrats and experts: They “function as a legitimizing frame that maintains elite male control while appearing modern, inclusive and efficient. It enables men like al-Sharaa to perform distance from jihadist or militarized pasts..” merip.org/2025/04/syri...
merip.org
Syria's New Men - MERIP
Gender and the post-Asad political order.
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 19/04/2025
When law firms fail to catch up with justice. Bridges claims that when it provided services to Rifaat al-Assad between 1999-2008 that it had been presented with evidence contradicting the allegations made against him. www.theguardian.com/law/2025/apr...
theguardian.com
Queen Elizabeth II’s solicitor managed offshore wealth for Assad’s uncle
Exclusive: Mark Bridges of Farrer & Co was trustee for Rifaat al-Assad, later charged with war crimes in 2024
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 18/04/2025
32,000$ for Syria's new president’s roundtrip per private jet to Antalya. I always assumed Salafis to be more stingy. www.facebook.com/reinoud.leen...
facebook.com
Facebook
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 18/04/2025
However one looks at this and even when expected, this is outrageous. After babbling on for years about the diktat of 'state sovereignty' Russia denies the Syrian state to prosecute its own criminal-in-chief and that after whizzing him out of the country. www.middleeastmonitor.com/20250418-rus...
middleeastmonitor.com
Russia refuses to extradite Assad to Syria, diplomat says
The Russian government is refusing to extradite former Syrian dictator Bashar al-Assad to Syria, despite ongoing talks between Moscow and the new authorities in Damascus for a reset in relations....
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Reposted by Reinoud Leenders
Syria Notes @syrianotes.org · 18/04/2025
At least 6,000 Syrian doctors work in Germany. Now many are going to help rebuild Syria’s shattered health system. German hospitals worry they won’t return. By @omaralbam.bsky.social and @cathrinschaer.bsky.social. www.dw.com/en/syrian-do...
dw.com
Syrian doctors leave Germany to work for free at home – DW – 04/15/2025
After working in Germany, Syrian doctors are returning to their homeland to help rebuild Syria's shattered health system. German hospitals worry they won't return.
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 18/04/2025
#EU lifted assets freeze of 4 #Syrian state-owned banks that don’t have foreign reserves while other banks that do are still sanctioned. Jihad Yazigi of @syriareport.bsky.social
ips-journal.eu
‘US sanctions remain the biggest obstacle’
Jihad Yazigi on the partial lifting of EU sanctions, the remaining US sanctions, and the impact on Syria’s economy and reconstruction efforts
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 17/04/2025
The new government in Syria seems either incapable or unwilling to take transitional justice seriously. Major General Mahmoud Younis Ammar: released by a judge due to "advanced age" despite confessing to extortion of families of detainees who died under torture in prison. shaam.org/news/syria-n...
shaam.org
فضيحة قضائية: لواء سابق متهم بالنصب على أهالي معتقلين يُخلى سبيله رغم الاعترافات
في سابقة قضائية أثارت موجة غضب واسعة بين أهالي ضحايا الاعتقال والتعذيب في سوريا، كشف موقع زمان الوصل عن إفراج قاضية في دمشق عن اللواء المتقاعد محمود يونس ع
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 17/04/2025
Regime officials, cash, sensitive data smuggled out of Syria when the regime fell, and the UAE having its fingerprints all over. Great reporting by Feras Dalatey and colleagues at Reuters. www.reuters.com/world/middle...
reuters.com
Operation Assad: the air mission to smuggle the Syrian despot's valuables
As his enemies closed in on Damascus, Bashar al-Assad, who ruled over Syria with an iron fist for 24 years, used a private jet to spirit away cash, valuables and confidential documents mapping the corporate web behind his wealth.
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 11/04/2025
Ali Aljasem and Mohammad Kanfash on Europe (once again) falling asleep as Israel goes on a rampage, now in Syria (in Dutch). www.trouw.nl/opinie/opini...
trouw.nl
Opinie: Israëls razernij in Syrië vraagt om een Europese reactie
Israël voert een zeer gevaarlijke campagne in Syrië. Dat vraagt om duidelijker optreden, vinden Mohammad Kanfash en Ali Aljasem.
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 09/04/2025
This is impressive and so recognizable. edition.cnn.com/2025/03/21/T...
edition.cnn.com
‘The worst things human beings can do to one another’: How the war in Gaza made this author disillusioned with the West | CNN
Christiane Amanpour speaks with Omar El-Akkad, the author of “One Day, Everyone Will Always Have Been Against This,” about his disappointment in the West’s reaction to the war between Israel and Hamas...
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 08/04/2025
“Their wrongful detention of you is a testament to the fact that you have struck a nerve. You’ve disrupted the false narratives they’ve worked so hard to maintain, and spoken a truth that they are too terrified to acknowledge.” www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025...
theguardian.com
‘We will persist’: Mahmoud Khalil’s wife says pro-Palestinian voices won’t be silenced
Exclusive: Noor Abdalla attacks Columbia officials alongside Trump administration in letter to husband
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 08/04/2025
After their no-show in Syria, one is inclined to believe there is some truth to this story. www.reuters.com/world/middle...
reuters.com
Exclusive: Iran-backed militias in Iraq ready to disarm to avert Trump wrath
Several powerful Iranian-backed militia groups in Iraq are prepared to disarm for the first time to avert the threat of an escalating conflict with the U.S. Trump administration, 10 senior commanders and Iraqi officials told Reuters.
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 07/04/2025
www.thepolicyinitiative.org/article/deta...
thepolicyinitiative.org
The Policy Initiative - Captive to the Banks: How Karim Soueid’s appointment signals the end of reform
In our latest article, Sami Atallah and Sami Zoughaib argue that Karim Soueid’s appointment reflects elite consensus to block reform and protect banking interests, ending the president’s r...
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 02/04/2025
"Ashraf Abu Labda, Raed Al-Sharif, Mohammed Bahloul, Mohammed Hilieh, Mustafa Khafaja, Saleh Muammar, Rifaat Radwan and Ezzedine Shaat, and their colleagues whose names I haven’t been able to find were heroes." www.theguardian.com/commentisfre...
theguardian.com
Israel executes unarmed Red Crescent paramedics with the west’s blessing | Ahmed Moor
American and European leaders are the authors of this latest atrocity by their Israeli colleagues in Gaza
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Reposted by Reinoud Leenders
Steven Heydemann @stevenhyde.bsky.social · 26/03/2025
Just out with @brookingslib.bsky.social on development and governance post-2011 in MENA and troubling implications for human security, voice, and accountability. www.brookings.edu/articles/eco...
brookings.edu
Economic development, governance, and human security after the Arab uprisings
Regime responses have disempowered societies, insulating Arab autocrats from citizen demands for economic inclusion, accountability, and responsive governance.
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 26/03/2025
When the uproar about the use of Signal for war planning obscures the even more disturbing nature of the messages’ content and of those who sent them. www.theguardian.com/commentisfre...
theguardian.com
What the accidentally leaked war group chat reveals about the Trump administration | Moira Donegan
Thanks to the Signal leaks, we can see how the administration acts when they think they are in private. It’s not a pretty sight
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 10/03/2025
Can we please be informed which ones have been verified, not to mention how? "Syrians have circulated graphic videos of executions by fighters on social media, some of which have been verified by Reuters, including one showing at least 20 dead men in a town." www.reuters.com/world/middle...
reuters.com
New Syrian leader Sharaa says killings of Alawites threaten unity, vows justice
Syria's interim President Ahmed Sharaa said mass killings of members of ousted President Bashar al-Assad's minority sect were a threat to his mission to unite the country, and promised to punish those responsible, including his own allies if necessary.
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 09/03/2025
Syria's 'provisional' government creates a 'higher committee' to patch up relations with the predominantly Alawite coastal region. I am not sure the last few days' mayhem can be so easily buried in a committee. But wait for this: 1/
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 06/03/2025
More and more attacks by pro-Assad armed groups, ex-Political Security chief and 4th Division Ghaith Suleiman Dalla from Iraq issuing a statement mobilising against the HTS government. They seem to respond to HTS security forces stepping up arrests on the coast. www.facebook.com/syrianmoi/*
facebook.com
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Reposted by Reinoud Leenders
Sam Heller | سام هيلر @abujamajem.com · 27/02/2025
Northwest Syria NGO Forum analysis substantiates impact of USAID funding freeze on humanitarian operations: reliefweb.int/report/syria...
reliefweb.int
Policy Analysis: USAID Funding Freeze and Its Impact on The Humanitarian Response in Syria - Syrian Arab Republic
Analysis in English on Syrian Arab Republic and 1 other country about Coordination, Food and Nutrition and more; published on 25 Feb 2025 by NWS NGO Forum
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Reposted by Reinoud Leenders
Syria Notes @syrianotes.org · 28/02/2025
Searching for the Missing in Post-Assad Syria Lessons from the investigation of Mezzeh Military Airport Report by @sjac-info.bsky.social. Their documentation work has been suspended by the US foreign aid freeze. This was completed prior. syriaaccountability.org/searching-fo...
syriaaccountability.org
Searching for the Missing in Post-Assad Syria: Lessons from the Investigation of Mezzeh Military Airport
This investigation by SJAC and the Association of Detainees and Missing Persons of Sednaya Prison (ADMSP) into detention at Mezzeh Military Airport provides in depth information on how the facility op...
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Reposted by Reinoud Leenders
Qusay Noor @qusaynoor.net · 24/02/2025
Press Release on the #EU’s Suspension of Selected Sanctions
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 23/02/2025
ISW: "Putin is Unlikely to Demobilize in the Event of a Ceasefire Because He is Afraid of His Veterans." Ok, next war then?
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 22/02/2025
Really? I am no fan of "Rojava", but what country cannot "afford" a degree of autonomy? I'd say it would be the least of Syria's problems or, in fact, solve one of them. foreignpolicy.com/2025/02/20/s...
foreignpolicy.com
It’s Time for Syria’s Kurds to Fold
Kurdish autonomy is a problem that today’s Syria can’t afford.
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 22/02/2025
Watch this before it is taken off the internet altogether. The children featuring in the documentary know their humanitarian law better than the grown-ups at the BBC. Their voices already are heartbreaking. Silencing them is soul destroying. rumble.com/embed/v6le9yu/
rumble.com
BBC: Gaza - How to Survive a Warzone - Rumble
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Reposted by Reinoud Leenders
Sam Heller | سام هيلر @abujamajem.com · 19/02/2025
Interested countries need to provide support to stabilize Syria’s state and economy, soon; otherwise, I worry December 8 may turn out to be less the turning point before Syria’s recovery and more just one station on the country’s downward trajectory and continued collapse.
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 18/02/2025
Another disaster unfolding thanks to Trump’s armchair attrocities. www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature...
thenewhumanitarian.org
US aid freezes escalate Syria’s crisis
Aid officials involved in the response say people are already suffering and predict huge problems ahead due to the abrupt end of programmes.
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 17/02/2025
So arrests for the Taddamon massacre but Fadi Saqr goes free. Crime pays off, just make sure you are the biggest villain. apnews.com/article/syri...
apnews.com
Syria arrests 3 men suspected of links to Tadamon massacre in which hundreds were executed
Syrian security forces have arrested three men linked to the 2013 Tadamon massacre, when government forces executed hundreds of blindfolded detainees, shooting them into a trench before setting their ...
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Reposted by Reinoud Leenders
Sam Heller | سام هيلر @abujamajem.com · 15/02/2025
@reuters.com's Timour Azhari on how Syrian authorities are now managing Assad-linked oligarchs and their multifarious business interests: www.reuters.com/world/middle...
reuters.com
Exclusive: Syria's new leaders zero in on Assad's business barons
Syria's new rulers are combing through the billion-dollar corporate empires of ousted president Bashar al-Assad's allies, and have held talks with some of these tycoons, in what they say is a campaign to root out corruption and illegal activity.
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 15/02/2025
Sorry for repeating myself, Europe needs its own defense policy (and capability to match it). Because with a lunatic like Vance we will have to deal with another one nearby, in Russia. www.theguardian.com/world/2025/f...
theguardian.com
‘Thought crime’ and cancelled elections: how do JD Vance’s claims about Europe stand up?
US vice-president told litany of tales of Europe’s rights infringements in speech to leaders at defence gathering
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 13/02/2025
www.thepolicyinitiative.org/article/deta...
thepolicyinitiative.org
The Policy Initiative - Killing the Consociational Goose with the Golden Eggs (1)
Reinoud Leenders, TPI senior fellow, unpacks how Lebanon’s power- and resource-sharing became quasi-synonymous, hence long engrained bad governance will not be overcome by ‘reforms’ ...
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 11/02/2025
Worth a re-read I suppose.
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 10/02/2025
www.thepolicyinitiative.org/article/deta...
thepolicyinitiative.org
The Policy Initiative - Lebanon’s Crisis Is Systemic, Not Ministerial
Lebanon’s political establishment often touts ministerial rotation, factional exclusion, and the appointment of technocrats as the keys to reform. Are these proposed solutions genuine—or m...
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Reposted by Reinoud Leenders
Fared Al Mahlool | فريد المحلول @faredalmahlool.bsky.social · 09/02/2025
A mural in the city of #Bennish in honor of #Caesar
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 09/02/2025
Still digging for suspected underground cells. Haven’t prison guards been interrogated to know there are still people there? newlinesmag.com/spotlight/ho...
newlinesmag.com
Hope and Despair at Assad's 'Human Slaughterhouse'
New Lines reports from Sednaya Prison, where Syrians brave horrors in a desperate search for lost loved ones
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 09/02/2025
www.theguardian.com/commentisfre...
theguardian.com
Syria’s revolution hangs in the balance. The west must lift sanctions now | Simon Tisdall
Competing interests and rivalries between regional powers threaten hopes of change after the fall of Bashar al-Assad
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Reposted by Reinoud Leenders
Rami Jarrah @ramijarrah.com · 07/02/2025
To the left: Awarded amnesty & set free - Fadi Saqr, the man behind some of the most brutal massacres against civilians in Syria. To the right: Detained, terrorised, & threatened with mutilation - all for nothing more than dressing like a woman. A clear display of the Syrian state's priorities.
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Reinoud Leenders @leendersreinoud.bsky.social · 07/02/2025
Fadi Saqr, former NDF militiaman, reportedly spotted in Tadamun, Damascus neighbourhood, suggesting an arrangement with the HTS government. Locals don't like it, staging protests. Another example of HTS' misguided policies, whether informed by 'pragmatism' or not. www.syria.tv/%D9%85%D8%B8...
syria.tv
مظاهرات في حي التضامن الدمشقي احتجاجاً على عودة "فادي صقر" | فيديو
خرجت مظاهرة حاشدة في حي التضامن جنوبي العاصمة دمشق، اليوم الجمعة، احتجاجاً على زيارة أجراها القائد السابق في ميليشيا "الدفاع الوطني" التابعة لنظام
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