Nuclear protein homeostasis relies on proteasome import into the nucleus. Here the authors identify how assembled human proteasomes are transported across the nuclear pore complex and reveal a mechani...

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Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Published online: 05 December 2025; doi:10.1038/s41594-025-01717-zRiechmann et al. uncover structural features governing ubiquitin transfer from ubiquitin-activating E1 enzymes UBA1 and UBA6 to specific E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, revealing a hierarchy of E2 activity with cognate E1s.

Deubiquitinases (DUBs) remove ubiquitin modifications from proteins in a substrate- or linkage-selective manner and regulate numerous cell-biological processes, including endocytosis. By performing ho...