iiinova — where your digital self keeps evolving

Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 29/07/2026

Europe’s primary agricultural regions are currently on fire. Forecasters are warning that the harvest could be nine millions tonnes short. This is not a single-year event — it is a forward-looking indicator. The cost of #ClimateInaction is becoming prohibitive. Fiscal responsibility means #NetZero.

Europe’s Scorched Earth Policy

Following the June heatwave, grain production forecasts for the EU and UK were revised down by almost nine million tonnes, with the Energy and Climate Intelligence Unit valuing the lost production at approximately €2.1 billion at current farm-gate prices for wheat, barley, maize, and other grains.
As we enter August, much of Europe’s primary agricultural regions are on fire.

Source: https://energynews.biz/europes-grain-harvest-and-the-true-cost-of-climate-inaction/

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 21/07/2026

Extreme heat waves are a consequence of #ClimateChange. Heat waves cause water, food, and energy shortages. Electricity generation efficiency declines and transmission capacity often decreases. #NetZero: A carbon-neutral energy sector, and way of life, is the only long-term solution. #GreenSky

Heat Exhaustion vs. Heat Stroke

DO YOU KNOW THE DIFFERENCE?

HEAT EXHAUSTION

— Muscle cramps, fatigue, weakness
— Mild headache, dizziness
— Cool, pale skin (heavy sweating)
— Nausea, vomiting
— Rapid weak pulse
— Move to a cooler place, lay down and drink fluids (water or sports drinks)
— Call a medic if symptoms last longer than one hour

HEAT STROKE

— Oral body temperature of 40º C and above
— Pulsing headache, or altered/loss of consciousness
— Hot skin, no sweat
— Nausea, vomiting
— Rapid strong pulse
— Call for medical help NOW. Move the affected person to a cool place
— Immerse in cool water or place ice packs on the neck and groin areas

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 15/07/2026

The cost of #insurance is rocketing. In some areas, insurance is no longer available. Govts and taxpayers are protecting those at risk and footing the bill. But companies — like oil producers and data centers — are not being asked to contribute. Why not? #ExtremeWeather #ClimateCrisis #GreenSky

“Entire regions are becoming uninsurable”
— Günther Thallinger, Allianz SE board member

Some homes are becoming uninsurable due to the rapidly escalating impacts of the climate crisis.

— In some areas, commercial insurers are pulling out, leaving the state-backed insurers of last resort (ie. taxpayer backed) carrying the can.

— In the UK, earlier this year, a local authority was forced to spend millions buying out the residents of 16 homes that could no longer be defended from flooding.

— Insured losses from extreme weather events have increased by as much as 250% in the last 30 years.

— Higher frequency extreme weather events, are expected to reduce global economic output by 11–14% by 2050 as crop yields fall, diseases spread, and sea level rise consumes cities.

— Yet, companies causing climate change are paying no additional taxes, and in many cases, are using tax avoidance strategies to reduce their contributions.

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 01/07/2026

Academics are increasingly depending on AI-generated summaries for study and research — but how reliable are they? We highly recommend this excellent article : Are AI-generated summaries suitable for studying and research? Link following ⬇️ 1/2 #AcademicResearch #HigherEducation #AcademicSky

Are AI-generated summaries suitable for studying and research?

Quote: ”hallucinations”, still pose a huge problem. OpenAI admitted last year that getting rid of them is virtually impossible. And a recent research report by Google shows that even the most accurate model, which is (coincidentally or not) their own Gemini 3 Pro, achieves only 68.8% accuracy under stress testing. Other major models, such as ChatGPT 5 and Claude 4.5 Opus, fare even worse, with 61.8% and 51.3% accuracy, respectively.

Source: Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) » https://www.tue.nl/en/our-university/library/library-news/24-02-2026-are-ai-generated-summaries-suitable-for-studying-and-research

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 23/06/2026

Outlawing the destruction of new clothing, shifts the financial burden of overproduction directly onto the brands. Hopefully this will lead fashion brands to pivot to a “targeted” strategy where every item has a path to a user, whether through original sale or authorized secondhand markets.

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 17/06/2026

28% of consumers surveyed in the USA want brands to be #sustainable, and younger audiences are more committed – GenZ are 9% more likely to say this than the average. But how? What is the most important issue? #GreenSky

What do Consumers Want from Sustainable Brands?

GWI ASKED CONSUMERS IN THE USA: WHICH IS THE MOST IMPORTANT THING FOR INDUSTRIES TO IMPROVE?

Reducing emissions/impact (61%)
Offering sustainable products/services (60%)
Making changes to be more sustainable (60%)
Disposing of waste responsibly (50%)
Fair treatment/wages for workers (34%)

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 10/06/2026

#SustainableDevelopment is built around three core pillars: economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection. Sustainable management covers many areas, but there are some simple steps that you can take — both your clients and employees will thank you for it. #Sustainability #GreenSky

Sustainable Management

4 PRACTICES TO INTRODUCE THAT WOULD MAKE YOUR COMPANY MORE SUSTAINABLE

Energy
Transitioning to, or increasing the use of, renewable energy resources such as solar, wind, thermal, and hydro.

Environment
Creating green spaces within the company and/or urban locations where flora and fauna can thrive

Infrastructure
Favoring sustainable construction, such as using eco-friendly and recycled materials, and energy-efficient practices.

Transport
Planning for staff transportation, aiding and encouraging car sharing and/or the use of electric vehicles.
Providing amenities for staff wishing to cycle to work.

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 03/06/2026

2/2 #SustainableFashion means a clothing supply chain that is both socially and ecologically responsible.

How to Shop Sustainably

SHOPPING TIPS TO SUPPORT SUSTAINABILITY

— Educate yourself about sustainable clothing.
— Choose quality over quantity and buy less.
— Choose natural materials, such as organic cotton, linen, or hemp.
— Choose brands that are manufactured locally, which benefit the people who made them and your local economy.
— Buy secondhand clothing.
— Swap clothes with a clothes swap group or start a swap yourself.
— Learn how to repair your clothes. The longer clothes are kept, the lower their emissions footprint.

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 03/06/2026

How many clothes do you really need? It’s time we re-assessed our #FastFashion obsession with the new and latest trends. Choosing good quality clothes and making them last will not only save you money, but also help our environment. 1/2

Slow Fashion, Better Habits

SHOPPING TIPS TO REDUCE IMPULSE BUYING

— Wait at least 24 hours before purchasing non-essential items
— Consider the cost per wear rather than sale price
— Shop with a specific list instead of browsing aimlessly

Ask yourself :
— Does the item work with at least three outfits you already own?
— Would this item be worn within the next two weeks?
— Does it fit your current lifestyle needs?
— Do you already own something similar that you rarely wear?

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 27/05/2026

#FastFashion is creating landfills we can see from space! As much as 39,000 tons of unwanted clothing is dumped in Chile’s Atacama Desert every year. And the site — visible from space — is still growing. The worst part? In 200 years these piles of clothes will still be there.

Fast Fashion Waste

On average, a garment is worn 7–10 times before it is discarded.1

Clothing production has doubled since 2000.

The average person today buys 60% more items of clothing than they did 15 years ago.

The world produces over 92 million tons of textile waste annually, equivalent to a truckload dumped every second.

Synthetic materials like polyester can take from 20 to 200 years to break down.

1. According to a study by UK charity Barnardo's (2000)
Sources: https://www.fashiontimes.com/hidden-cost-fashion-impulse-buying-smart-shopping-tips-fix-wardrobe-mistakes-13508, https://www.forbes.com/sites/dianneplummer/2025/04/18/the-secret-world-of-fashion-waste-trash-dumps-and-global-inequity/

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 20/05/2026

According to UNESCO’s recent report, TRANSFORMING HIGHER EDUCATION: “#HigherEducation systems need to move from hierarchies, competition and fragmentation to flexible and harmonized integration.” UNESCO recommends these Priority Lines of Transformation ⬇️ #EduSky

PRIORITY LINES OF TRANSFORMATION FOR HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Within both institutions and academic programs there is a need to update and expand the focus from... and to...

1. FROM...Outdated workforce planning models...

TO... Dynamic engagement with labor markets, innovation incubation and entrepreneurial opportunity.

2. FROM...Disciplinary silos and
Listen-and-repeat methods...

TO... Connected and holistic study and inquiry, and

Active, problem- and project-based learning.

3. FROM...Traditional, terminal degree programs

TO... Life-long learning orientation through the recognition of prior learning, of learning in different settings and of flexible learning pathways.

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 13/05/2026

#ClimateChange is increasing the frequency and severity of natural-catastrophe events. How long before the world becomes un-insurable?! #ExtremeWeather 1/2

In the last ten years, climate change accounted for over 30% of insured natural-catastrophe losses incurred worldwide.

The Los Angeles wildfires of January 2025 killed at least thirty-one people and destroyed over 16,000 structures.

Estimates put the economic losses as high as $250 billion. Insurance companies are expected to pay $40 billion in claims — the largest insured loss from a wildfire anywhere, ever.

Research indicates that climate change made this disaster 35% more likely to occur.

Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of natural-catastrophe events.

Global insurance losses from extreme weather events keep rising. In response to losses, property-insurance companies have significantly raised their rates and are even refusing to write or renew insurance for high-risk homes and businesses.

If insurance is the climate crisis’s “canary in the coal mine,” the canary is dying.

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 06/05/2026

The world is changing, but through their research, teaching and community engagement missions, #HigherEducation can provide the skills needed to tackle #ClimateChange, biodiversity loss, health crises, technological disruptions, democratic backsliding and rapidly transforming employment.

Global Higher Education

Universities can provide the critical understanding, scientific expertise and creative imagination needed to tackle the complex, multi-layered issues facing us

269 MILLION STUDENTS
Global enrollment in higher education reached 269 M students in 2024.

42% ENROLLED GLOBALLY
A global average of 42% of the early-adult cohort is enrolled in higher education.

7 MILLION MOBILE
More than 7 M students are internationally mobile, studying outside their home countries.

22,000 ACCREDITED INSTITUTIONS
Higher Ed is growing and diversifying, with over 22,000 accredited and quality assured institutions.

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 30/04/2026

A common refrain among #ClimateChange skeptics is: “it’s just weather!” Regardless of what some media outlets report, science is not divided on the issue of climate change. And weather events do not disprove #GlobalWarming. Here's a simple explainer, feel free to share! #Sustainability #GreenSky

Weather vs. Climate

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WEATHER AND CLIMATE IS A MEASURE OF TIME. THE TERM “CLIMATE CHANGE” REFERS TO CHANGES IN LONG-TERM AVERAGES OF DAILY WEATHER.

Weather is the conditions of the atmosphere over a short period of time.

Weather consists of the short- term (minutes to months) changes in the atmosphere. Most people think of weather in terms of temperature, humidity, precipitation, cloudiness, brightness, visibility, wind, and atmospheric pressure (as in high and low pressure).

Weather can change from minute- to-minute, hour-to-hour, day-to- day, and season-to-season.

Climate is how the atmosphere "behaves" over long periods of time.

Climate is long-term patterns of weather in a particular area, i.e.: the average weather for a particular region, usually taken over 30-years.

Climate scientists look at averages of precipitation, temperature, humidity, sunshine, wind velocity, phenomena such as fog, frost, and hail storms, and other measures of the weather that occur over a long period in a particular place.

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 29/04/2026

Research has found that about 25% of the publications on #ClimateChange reference mitigation and adaptation approaches. Almost certainly we need a combination of both, but adaptation, and a #GreenTransition, should be our long-term goal. #ESD #Sustainability #GreenSky #EduSky

Responses to Climate Change

CLIMATE MITIGATION VS. CLIMATE ADAPTATION

Mitigation initiatives aim to reduce the human impacts which are contributing to climate change

Mitigation and adaptation approaches are often used together to reduce the risk of disaster in at-risk communities and ecosystems

Adaptation initiatives aim to reduce the vulnerability of individuals, communities and eco-systems to changing climatic conditions by building adaptive capacity

Both approaches focus on:
• reducing the impact of human activity on the climate
• reducing the negative impact of climate change on our systems, both human and environmental

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 28/04/2026

#ESD is recognized by UNESCO as a key enabler of all #SDGs and achieves its purpose by transforming society. #HigherEducation has a vital role to play. It’s crucial to our shared future that young people have the knowledge, skills and values to take informed decisions. #GreenSky #EduSky

Transformative Learning

ESD ACHIEVES ITS PURPOSE BY TRANSFORMING SOCIETY

[circular graphic showing how each section leads into the next...]

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Empower people to take responsibility for present and future generations and actively contribute to societal transformation

LEARNING CONTENT
Integrate sustainability issues, in particular those enshrined in the 17 SDGs, such as climate change, into all kinds of learning

LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
Employ interactive, project- based, learner-centered pedagogy. Enable learners to live what they learn and learn what they live

SOCIETAL TRANSFORMATION
Enable our society to achieve the SDGs and move towards building a more equitable and sustainable world

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 23/04/2026

Education can be seen as an instrument for perceiving changes and contradictions within society. #ESD enables students to engage with the key issues of a globalized world. The goal is emancipation from an inequitable system. Ultimately, ESD is about solving problems. #Sustainability #EduSky

ESD is Problem-Solving

EDUCATION AS A TOOL FOR SOCIETAL DEVELOPMENT

[Graphic showing the connections between:

Systems-thinking: Analyze complex problem in current state and its history

which feeds into...

Values-thinking: Develop strategies for the transition

Strategic thinking: Specify, reconcile and negotiate sustainability values

Futures-thinking:
• Create future non-intervention scenarios
• Craft visions of sustainable futures

resulting in:

Implementation: Solution, action, implementation

Collaboration: Collaboration is required for each step of the process

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 22/04/2026

“A Systematic Review of #ClimateChange Education” has made some interesting discoveries about how #ESD is presented and approached. Are educators focusing too much on STEM subjects and neglecting the socio-economic impacts of climate change? #Sustainability #EduSky

ESD Research

DISCIPLINES ASSOCIATED WITH PUBLICATIONS ON CLIMATE CHANGE EDUCATION RESEARCH

[Graph showing that >70% of publications are associated with STEM, followed by Environmental and Sustainability Education (60%) and Resource Management (38%). Only a small number (<15%) were associated with Teacher Education, Behavioral Sciences, Social Sciences, (<10%) Arts and Humanities, or Digital Media.]

Research has found that the majority of publications on climate change education were associated with STEM.

Furthermore, a large number of studies in the STEM category focused on the misconceptions and ‘alternative conceptions’ about climate change held by students, teachers and even scientific textbooks.

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 16/04/2026

If we are to meet emissions targets, substantial changes must be made to how we produce food, manage agriculture, forestry and land-use, and how we eat. As individuals, changes in diet and reducing food waste are the most impactful measures we can take. #ESD #Sustainability #GreenSky #EduSky

GHG Emissions and Food

Ruminant animal protein is the most GHG–intensive food to produce

Cows and sheep are almost ten times more carbon intensive than alternative animal protein and more than 30 times more carbon intensive than vegetable protein.

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 15/04/2026

Roughly one-third of the world’s food is wasted, either during production, transport, or by households and retailers. Discarded animals account for 12% of global food trash. #ESD #Sustainability #GreenSky #EduSky

according to a new study from Leiden University, Every year, 18 billion animals raised and killed for food end up as trash.

Chickens make up the largest share of discarded animals, at 16.8 billion.
The vast majority of the approximately 70 billion chickens killed for food each year spend their short lives on factory farms.
Most animals on factory farms live in appalling conditions.

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 14/04/2026

It’s heartening to know that everyone can do their part for the planet by committing to eat just a few more plant-based meals each week. #ESD #Sustainability #GreenSky #EduSky

92.2 billion land animals were slaughtered for food in 2024,
according to the un Food and Agriculture Organization

[graphic showing] Unsustainable food production and consumption habits are responsible for about a third of all our GHG emissions... and the production of animal-based foods is responsible for 57% of these emissions

Shifting to plant-based eating habits can...
• reduce food’s land use by 76%
• reduce food’s freshwater use by 19%
• reduce the GHG emissions of our food system by 49%

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 09/04/2026

The number of students pursuing certifications relevant to #RenewableEnergy is NOT keeping pace with demand. Billions are being invested, but a steady supply of skilled workers is needed to boost production. #HigherEducation must respond to the needs of the #renewables market. #ESD #GreenSky

Skills shortage in Renewables

TO MEET CLIMATE GOALS, RENEWABLE ENERGY SECTOR EMPLOYMENT WILL NEED TO TRIPLE BY 2030

The sector is short of...

• Professionals in technology, science and engineering
• Electricians and technicians specialized in green energy
• Leaders and consultants who understand the green transition
• Installation technicians and grid engineers

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 08/04/2026

The EU wants to accelerate the use of #RenewableEnergy to reach the goal of reducing net GHG emissions by at least 55% by 2030. If you feel that’s too slow, contact your representative! #ESD #Sustainability #GreenTransition #GreenSky

EU Energy Targets

A June 2025 survey indicated strong support for renewable energy rollout among EU citizens, finding that 88% supported increased renewable energy

2020
The EU overachieved its 2020 target, with a 22% share of gross final energy consumption from renewable sources.

2030
TARGET: Cut Greenhouse Gas emissions by at least 55%* by 2030.
*compared to 1990

2030
TARGET: Increase the share of renewable energy to a minimum of 42.5% (but aiming for 45%).

2050
TARGET
Become a CLIMATE NEUTRAL continent by 2050.

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 07/04/2026

In 2022, the Russian invasion of Ukraine caused energy prices to spike. As a result, #FossilFuel subsidies nearly doubled. Globally, explicit subsidies amounted to around $1.5 trillion. For context, that’s equivalent to the entire GDP of Australia. #ESD #Sustainability #GreenTransition #GreenSky

Fossil Fuel Subsidies

FOSSIL FUELS RECEIVED $7 TRILLION IN SUBSIDIES(1) IN 2022, ACCORDING TO THE IMF. HOW THESE SUBSIDIES BREAK DOWN:

[Graphic showing...]

$1.5 trillion (18%) of explicit subsidies
[breaks down into...]

• Production subsidies (4%): To fossil fuel producers to reduce costs
• Consumption subsidies (14%): Support to reduce the cost of fuel for consumers
• Foregone VAT (5%)

$5.7 trillion (77%) in the form of implicit subsidies(2)
[breaks down into...]

• Air pollution (30%): Environmental and social damages from air pollution caused by burning fossil fuels
• Climate change (30%): Environmental and social damages from climate change caused by burning fossil fuels
• Road use (17%): Damages from road accidents and congestion

1 $7 trillion is equivalent to around 7% of global GDP, a vast amount of money.
2 Economists usually refer to these indirect costs, which aren’t reflected in market prices, as “externalities” rather than “subsidies”.

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 02/04/2026

Just 9% of all #plastic has been recycled. #PlasticPollution is altering natural habitats and processes, reducing our ecosystems’ ability to adapt to #ClimateChange, and directly affecting millions of people’s health and livelihoods. A #CircularEconomy for a sustainable future. 👍️ #ESD #GreenSky

Shifting to a Circular Economy...

• Could reduce virgin plastic production by 55%
• Save governments US$70 billion by 2040
• Reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 25%
• Create 700,000 additional jobs

[Graphic showing...]

LINEAR ECONOMY:
Take (Natural Resources) » Make (Production/Manufacturing) » Use (Consumers) » Waste (Pollutants/Landfill)

CIRCULAR ECONOMY:
Take » Make »
Use » Repair / Refurbish / Parts Harvesting
Collection » Recycle / Materials Recycling
» Residual Waste

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 01/04/2026

Recent events have exposed the risk of stranded assets if investors continue to bet on #FossilFuels. For decades we’ve been told that decarbonizing the economy would constrain development, yet today, #RenewableEnergy is poised to become the key driver of economic progress. #ClimateAction #GreenSky

Affordable, Clean Energy for All

REDIRECTING GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES (AND INVESTORS) WOULD ENSURE A PROFITABLE RENEWABLE ENERGY MARKET

[Graphic showing how...]

GOVERNMENT: REDEPLOYMENT OF FOSSIL FUEL SUBSIDIES

Could be used to fund INVESTMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION PROGRAMS

Leading to GRADUATES WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY SKILLS

While PRIVATE SECTOR: REDIRECTION OF PROFITS AND INVESTMENT

Could be used to fund GOVT AND PRIVATE INVESTMENT IN CLEAN ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE

Leading to the CREATION OF NEW JOBS IN RENEWABLES

And PROFITABLE, AFFORDABLE, CLEAN ENERGY FOR ALL

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 31/03/2026

🏫 While there is diversity in how #ESD is presented, the top-down, science-based approach continues to dominate. Whereas research has shown, the social, ethical, & political complexities of #ClimateChange would benefit from a more participatory, bottom-up approach. #Sustainability #HigherEd #EduSky

Approaches to ESD

THE “TOP-DOWN” APPROACH IS DOMINATING THE FIELD, BUT A MORE PARTICIPATORY APPROACH COULD BE MORE PRODUCTIVE

[Graphic showing...]

TOP-DOWN

• Governance and legislation
• Mitigation and adaptation
• Scientific knowledge and curriculum
• Behavior change

Bottom-up

• Participatory research and programs where learners design their own climate change projects and modes of engagement
• Approaches which provoke emotional and somatic responses to climate issues
• Transformative, creative, and affect-driven forms of sustainability education

Sources: Rousell, D and Cutter-Mackenzie-Knowles, A (2020) A systematic review of climate change education. Children’s Geographies, 18 (2). pp. 191-208. ISSN 1473-3277 | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652624036862

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 26/03/2026

🌳 Stormwater collected in pipes and ditches often flows directly to nearby waterways — untreated — carrying #pollution to waterways, degrading water quality and harming aquatic life. Incorporating trees into stormwater management plans is a cheap, natural solution. #ESD #Sustainability #GreenSky

The Role of Trees in Urban Stormwater Management

HOW TREES INTERACT WITH THE URBAN WATER CYCLE

[Graphic showing how trees intercept precipitation, allowing the water to reach the soil. Tree Roots absorb moisture, increasing runoff storage, allowing the water table to recharge. Tree Roots stabilize soil preventing erosion. Meanwhile water leaves trees via transpiration abd evaporation.]

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 25/03/2026

🌳 Targets to reverse the decline of #biodiversity by 2030 will be missed without urgent action, according to the IUCN. This was a key commitment at the UN’s COP15 & 16 summits. Nearly a third of all monitored species are currently endangered due to human activities. #ClimateAction #GreenSky

Biodiversity is... an Inseparable interaction

Complex graphic showing the various elements and how they interact... sorry, I am not sure how to describe this adequately, but there's good info here: www.fao.org/global-soil-partnership

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 24/03/2026

🌳 According to research, simply by allowing existing trees to grow old in healthy #ecosystems and restoring degraded areas, 226 gigatonnes of carbon could be sequestered, the equivalent of nearly 50 years of US #emissions (for 2022). #ESD #Sustainability #GreenSky #EduSky

Humans have cleared nearly half of Earth’s forests. Currently, we are removing 15 billion trees every year.

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 19/03/2026

A legal person is a human or non-human entity that has legal rights and is subject to obligations. All human beings and some companies are considered legal persons. However, #ecosystems such as rivers, lakes and forests are legally ‘objects’ — is it time to rethink this? #ESD #GreenSky #EduSky

What if nature was a legal person?

FOR EXAMPLE: LEGAL ACTION TO ADDRESS A POLLUTED WATER STREAM AND THE ECOSYSTEM WITHIN IT

[Graphic showing...]

AS A RESOURCE:

A PLAINTIFF, such as the riverbank's owner, can take legal action*

*If the plaintiff has an interest and the means

Compensation is assessed based on the damages inflicted to the plaintiff

The plaintiff is compensated.
Neither the stream, its inhabitants, nor the ecosystem benefit

AS A LEGAL PERSON:

The STREAM can defend its interests and rights, and take legal action in its own name

Compensation is assessed based on the damage inflicted to the ecosystem

The stream is compensated.
These funds can be used to restore the ecosystem

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 18/03/2026

As we are seeing with #RenewableEnergy, the cost of #ClimateAction is often significantly less than the cost of inaction. A recent report concluded that the benefits of protecting 30% of the world’s land & ocean outweigh the costs by a factor of at least 5:1. #ESD #Biodiversity #GreenSky #EduSky

The cost of healthy biodiversity

The World Bank estimates the deterioration of natural processes like wild pollination and resources like marine fisheries could see global GDP come in $2.7 trillion a year lower than projected levels by 2030.

Research suggests it would cost around $1 trillion annually to reverse the biodiversity crisis across all sectors.

$1 trillion represents 0.009% of annual Global GDP.

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 17/03/2026

It sometimes feels like #ClimateDenial is rising faster than global temperatures. It’s important to remember that #ClimateChange has been established and verified by evidence and scientific analysis: The average surface temperature has risen by about 1.1 ºC since 1850. #ESD #GreenSky #EduSky

The Evidence for Climate Change

1. Temperature readings are collected by weather stations on land, on ships and by satellites...

2. Data is analyzed by independent teams of scientists, worldwide. 97% have reached the same result.

3. Greenhouse gases provide the link between temperature rise and human activities.

4. The carbon produced by burning fossil fuels has a distinctive chemical signature.

5. Polar ice and tree rings record changes in atmospheric chemistry, which show carbon from fossil sources, has risen since 1850.

Source: Adapted from multiple sources, demonstrating a scientific consensus.

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 12/03/2026

⚡🌍 #Oil has shaped global politics for decades because it is easily transported, globally traded, and only a few countries have large reserves. The shift to #RenewableEnergy could change that. Locally generated energy can strengthen resilience and independence from global oil markets. #GreenSky

From Oil Dependence to Energy Resilience

HOW RENEWABLES STRENGTHEN NATIONAL SECURITY

Reducing oil dependence is usually framed as climate policy, but it is crucial for national security. Cutting oil use can:
• Increase resilience to supply chain shocks
• Reduce the geopolitical leverage of oil-producing states
• Strengthen domestic energy security

Renewable energy systems are structurally different:
• Power generation is decentralized, spread across many smaller sites
• Solar and wind power are generated locally, rather than traded through centralized global markets
• They do not rely on vulnerable maritime chokepoints such as the Strait of Hormuz

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 11/03/2026

⛽️ Japan relies on the Middle East for around 95% of its #oil supplies, with about 70% of that coming through the Strait of Hormuz. While Asia holds reserve stockpiles, #OilDependency is gaining political urgency. The transition to #RenewableEnergy will remove this threat entirely. #GreenSky

Asia’s Economic Powerhouse Runs on Middle Eastern Oil

THE IMPORTANCE OF HORMUZ FOR GLOBAL OIL FLOW

Crude oil transported through the Strait of Hormuz, 2023 (million barrels per day)

[Graph showing]

Origin:
Saudi Arabia 6.2
UAE 2.0
Iraq 3.2
Kuwait 1.5
Qatar 0.6
Iran 1.3

Destination:
China 5.0
India 1.9
Japan 1.7
S. Korea 1.7
Other Asia 2.2
Europe 1.0
Other 1.0

In the center of the graphic is the Strait of Hormuz, where 14.9 million barrels pass each day

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 10/03/2026

⛽🌍 #OilDependency carries economic & political costs because supply is concentrated & traded through vulnerable chokepoints like the Strait of Hormuz. With around 72% of global reserves controlled by OPEC, price shocks can ripple through economies & shape foreign policy. #GreenTransition #GreenSky

The Hidden Costs of Oil Dependency

NATIONAL BUDGETS, ECONOMIES, AND FOREIGN POLICY

Around 72% of global oil reserves are controlled by members of OPEC. According to the US Dept of Energy, oil price shocks and market manipulation by OPEC cost the US economy roughly $2 trillion between 2004 and 2008.

Within OPEC states, revenues from oil exports have significantly shaped political systems, allowing governments to finance state operations and consolidate power. Authoritarian regimes rely on oil income to fund security forces and suppress dissent.

As the global shift toward renewable energy accelerates, countries heavily dependent on oil, and oil revenues, face growing risks of economic and political instability.

[Photo of an oil tanker, docked at a busy industrial port.]

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 05/03/2026

🐄🌾 Unsustainable agriculture is a major driver of #ClimateChange, uses around 70% of global freshwater withdrawals, & accounts for roughly 30% of global emissions. Creating a vicious cycle, as rising temperatures & #ExtremeWeather increasingly threaten crop yields & food security. #ESD #GreenSky

Climate Change & Agriculture

Climate Change causes extreme weather events and a greater risk to harvests...

... while unsustainable food systems drive a third of global greenhouse gas emissions.

[Graphic showing:]

Unpredictable rainfall, drought or water scarcity, flooding, extreme weather events such as storms & fires = Impacts food systems

CLIMATE CHANGE HAS A NEGATIVE IMPACT ON AGRICULTURE

Pollution (fertilizers, pesticides), deforestation & biodiversity decline, soil erosion, nitrogen run-off & resource depletion = Impacts Climate Change

UNSUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS CONTRIBUTE TO CLIMATE CHANGE

Adapted from: The Guardian » https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/jan/29/sustainable-food-production-economic-benefits-study

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 04/03/2026

🥬 #Flexitarian diets lower GHG emissions by cutting down resource-intensive meat production. Shifting toward plant-based meals also reduces water & land use. Plus, reduced demand for livestock limits land clearing, helping protect #biodiversity & wildlife habitats. #ESD #Sustainability #GreenSky

What is a Flexitarian diet?

EATING A PLANT-BASED DIET HELPS TO REDUCE GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

1. 500g* per day of fruits and vegetables of different colors and groups
*At least!

2. 100g per day of plant-based protein, such as legumes, nuts, and soybeans

3. Modest amounts of animal-based proteins, such as poultry, fish, milk and eggs

4. No more than one portion/week of red meat

Limited refined sugar, saturated fat, and starchy foods with a high glycaemic index

Source: World Economic Forum
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/11/want-to-save-the-world-become-a-flexitarian

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 03/03/2026

2/2 This shift encourages regenerative farming, reduces pollution, and transport emissions. Because the changes can be gradual and flexible, a sustainable diet is an accessible way to improve health while creating meaningful environmental benefits. #ESD #Sustainability #GreenSky

What Makes a Sustainable Diet?

HEALTHY FOR YOU AND SUSTAINABLE FOR THE PLANET

Venn disgram showing 4 segments:

1. Nutritionally adequate, healthy and safe
2. Respectful of biodiversity and ecosystems
3. Economically affordable, accessible and fair
4. Reduced water use, processing and waste

and at the intersection of the four segments:

PLANT-BASED (flexitarian, vegetarian or vegan)

Adapted from: MDPI » https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/22/4723

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 03/03/2026

🥗 A #SustainableDiet benefits both people and the planet by promoting healthier eating and supporting locally produced, sustainably grown food. 1/2 #ESD #Sustainability #GreenSky

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 25/02/2026

Climate scientists speak of feeling overwhelmed and depressed. In a survey of IPCC scientists, 77% said they believe we are heading towards a rise of 2.5 ºC. Now the EU is warning us to prepare for +3 ºC. But what will this look like? #ESD #Sustainability #GreenSky #ClimateChange

The EU’s climate advisory board has urged countries to prepare for +3 ºC of global warming.

How will our world change as it gets hotter?

[Photos dipicting flooding, extreme heat and drought]

Sources include the IPCC, WWF and UN research.

Editors’ note: Predicting the future is not an exact science, and there is naturally some disparity in climate modeling. I have used conservative estimates, and erred on the side of optimism.

+2–3 ºC
Note: Every half degree of warming leads to lower crop yields and lower nutritional content

• 170% increase in flood risk
• Major increase in extreme weather events and the spread of infectious diseases
• A third of the global population are exposed to extreme heat waves at least once every 20 years, leading to a major increase in heat-related morbidity and mortality
• Significant impacts on vulnerable ecosystems such as polar regions, wetlands, cloud forests and mangroves.
• 18% of insects, 16% of plants and 8% of vertebrates are at risk
• Virtually all coral reefs are lost by 2100
• Significant impact on low altitude fisheries
• 410 million urban residents exposed to severe drought by 2100
• 49 million people impacted by sea level rise — the Maldives, the Marshall Islands, Tuvalu and other small island nations have been abandoned

+3–4 ºC
Note: Every half degree of warming leads to lower crop yields and lower nutritional content

• Major impacts on all ecosystems and a significant increase in species extinctions
• Some cities are below sea level, including Shanghai, Rio de Janeiro, Miami and The Hague
• Food and water security have become major political and humanitarian issues, leading to widespread conflict
• Major decrease in agricultural and fishery production, and available freshwater resources
• The majority of mountain glaciers are lost, and the Arctic is completely free of sea ice in summer — Arctic temperatures increase by 8 ºC
• Ocean and terrestrial carbon sinks reduce, accelerating climate change
• Food and water insecurity have led to forced mass migrations

[Photo showing mass migration during WW2]

+4–5 ºC
Note: Every half degree of warming leads to lower crop yields and lower nutritional content

• Catastrophic loss of ecosystems and species worldwide
• The melting of ice sheets in the Antarctic and Greenland causes significant sea level rises
• 20% of the worlds population are affected by flooding, and coastal cities have been abandoned
• In many countries, Summer temperatures are consistently above 40 ºC, and heat waves as high as 50 ºC have become common
• Over 3.5 billion people are now water stressed
• Wildfires have created major air pollution and a human health crisis
• Global food production plummets leading to widespread malnutrition and starvation
• Environmental forced mass migrations increase, along with increased conflict over resources

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 24/02/2026

“The #FossilFuel Industry Has a Plan to Drown Earth in #Plastic” wrote Scientific American last year. While many of us dutifully carry our water bottle and bag-for-life, Big Oil is investing hundreds of billions of dollars into plastics. 1/2 #GreenSky #ClimateChange

The Big Oil is Evolving... it’s Becoming Big Plastic

• Credible projections expect 70–90% of global electricity to be renewable by 2050.

• Many countries plan to end new gasoline and diesel car sales in the 2030s–2040s.

SO WHAT’S NEXT FOR FOSSIL FUEL PRODUCERS?

Across the industry, they are betting that petrochemicals (and plastics-related production) can help offset declining fuel demand.

Independent industry data has found that hundreds of billions of dollars have been invested globally in plastics and chemical projects since the 2010s, driven largely by fossil fuel and petrochemical companies collectively — though precise breakdowns per company and project often aren’t publicly disclosed.

Sources: YALE ENVIRONMENT 360 » https://e360.yale.edu/features/the-plastics-pipeline-a-surge-of-new-production-is-on-the-way?.com, SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN » https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-fossil-fuel-companies-are-driving-plastic-production-and-pollution/

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 19/02/2026

🏢 A sustainable #BusinessStrategy incorporates economic, environmental, and social factors into an organization’s policies, practices, and processes to create long-term benefits for the organization while being mindful of conserving and protecting resources. #ESD #Sustainability #GreenSky #EduSky

Sustainable Business Strategy

A successful sustainable business strategy creates long-term value for the business, its stakeholders, and society as a whole.

KEY STEPS FOR BUILDING A SUCCESSFUL STRATEGY:

1. Engage and prioritize
Discuss with, and engage stakeholders before submitting your proposal to ensure support.

2. Assess and collaborate
Prioritize your focus based on your market and value chain.
Build the right partnerships with key stakeholders.

3. Measure and report
Find the right metrics to evaluate the success of your strategy.
Be transparent with your customers about your progress.

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 18/02/2026

🏢 If corporations hope to earn customer loyalty, their #sustainability claims must be authentic. 58% of those surveyed by GWI say they like to see sustainability talked about in ads, but 55% said they were concerned about #greenwashing. #ESD #GreenSky #EduSky

Sustainability in Marketing
AKA, GIVING CONSUMERS WHAT THEY WANT!

• 64% of respondents think corporations have the most responsibility to act sustainably

• 49% of respondents say that they feel better about buying things if they are sustainable

• 59% of respondents say brands should do more to make their products sustainable

• 28% say that they’re willing to pay more for sustainable products and services

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 17/02/2026

🏭 Manufacturers should note that while most respondents defined #sustainability as #recycling, 59% define it as "using less harmful materials/substances/products." Plus, 59% say brands "should do more to make their products sustainable." #ESD #ClimateChange #GreenSky #EduSky

What is Sustainability?

GWI asked US consumers, when you hear the term “sustainability” which of the following things do you think of?

[Chart]

% OF RESPONDENTS WHO DEFINE SUSTAINABILITY AS...

Recycling 63%
Preserving natural resources and wildlife 62%
Using less harmful materials/substances/products 59%
Reducing the impact of pollution 59%
Reducing the impact of pollution 57%
Reducing the impact of Climate Change 53%

Data Source: GWI » https://www.gwi.com/blog/sustainable-brands

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 12/02/2026

💦 International cooperation is critical, as over 60% of the world’s #freshwater comes from rivers shared by multiple countries. If nations act unilaterally, water extraction could intensify and lead to greater instability worldwide. 2/2 #ESD #Sustainability #WaterScarcity #GreenSky #EduSky

The Human Cost of Water Scarcity

BY 2030, WATER DEMAND MAY EXCEED SUPPLY BY 40%, WHILE CLIMATE CHANGE IS EXACERBATING THE SITUATION

HEALTH IMPACTS
The consumption of dirty water causes cholera, typhoid, and diarrhea. Over 53,000 deaths annually are linked to water-borne diseases.

ECONOMIC IMPACTS
In developing countries, women and children walk hours daily to fetch water. This time could be used for education, income-generating work, or care-giving.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Rivers and lakes are drying up, and wetland ecosystems are being lost, reducing biodiversity.

SOCIAL IMPACTS
Water scarcity causes the large movement of people from countryside to cities. Potentially, it could cause, or increase, conflict between communities or nations.

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 12/02/2026

💦 Globally, the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia face the highest #water stress. These regions are already very dry, and rapid population growth is putting even more pressure on limited supplies. 1/2 #ESD #Sustainability #WaterScarcity #GreenSky #EduSky

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 11/02/2026

💦 We're not truly running out of #water, but we're mismanaging the limited supply we can access. Plus, #ClimateChange disrupts natural cycles faster than governments can respond. Urgent investment is needed to prevent #DayZero scenarios for billions of people. #ESD #WaterScarcity #GreenSky #EduSky

Causes of the Global Water Crisis

WATER SCARCITY IS DRIVEN BY A MIX OF ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL FACTORS.
THE KEY CONTRIBUTORS INCLUDE:

1. Climate Change

Global warming is changing weather patterns, bringing longer droughts and more severe floods. Melting glaciers and shrinking rivers are reducing freshwater supplies.

For example, Lake Chad has shrunk by about 90% due to drought — destabilizing crops and livelihoods across multiple countries — and Himalayan glaciers are retreating rapidly, threatening water for nearly two billion people downstream.

2. Poor Water Infrastructure

Many low-income and rural communities lack basic water infrastructure for storage and treatment. In Pakistan, some villages still depend on open ponds shared with animals. Each year, about four trillion cubic meters of freshwater are wasted due to evaporation, leaks, and inefficient irrigation.

3. Overuse of Groundwater

Using too much groundwater for farming and industry is causing underground water sources to dry up. When water is pumped out faster than nature can replace it, water levels drop permanently, making groundwater harder or impossible to access in the future.

4. Pollution of Water Resources

Contamination of rivers, lakes, and aquifers with industrial waste, pesticides, and sewage has made once-reliable water sources unsafe for consumption.

5. Population Growth

The global population is projected to reach 8.5 billion by 2030, increasing demand for water for domestic, agricultural, and industrial use.

Rapid urbanization compounds the issue by replacing permeable land with concrete, reducing groundwater recharge by as much as 80% and increasing flash floods instead of sustainable storage.

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 10/02/2026

💦 Only a small portion of the world’s #water is usable for drinking. To meet our basic needs for drinking, cooking, & hygiene, each of us needs at least 20L of safe freshwater per day. Currently, 2.2 billion people lack access to safely managed drinking water. #ESD #WaterScarcity #GreenSky #EduSky

Global Water Distribution

AVAILABLE FRESHWATER IS LIMITED AND UNEQUALLY DISTRIBUTED

[Charts showing]

EARTH’S WATER
Saline (Oceans) 97%
Freshwater 3%

FRESHWATER
Icecaps and Glaciers 68.7%
Groundwater 30,1%
Surface water 0,3%
Other 0,9%

FRESH, LIQUID SURFACE WATER
Lakes 87%
Swamps 11%
Rivers 2%

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Join EduC @joineduc.bsky.social · 05/02/2026

🚰 According to the UN, one in three people worldwide do not have access to safe drinking #water, and by 2030, demand for water could exceed supply by 40%. This must be part of the conversation around #AI. #Sustainability #WaterScarcity #GreenSky

Global Water Scarcity

A GRAVE THREAT TO HUMAN SURVIVAL, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, AND ENVIRONMENTAL STABILITY

Over two billion people worldwide cannot access clean water.

Almost two thirds of the global population (4 B people) find water scarce for at least one month per year.

4.5 billion people have inadequate water sanitation, exposing them to diseases, such as cholera and typhoid fever, and other water-borne illnesses.

Agriculture uses 70% of the world’s accessible freshwater, but some 60% of this is wasted due to leaky irrigation systems, inefficient application methods as well as the cultivation of unsuitable crops.

About 50% of the world’s wetlands have been destroyed since 1900.

Wetlands support the cultivation of rice, a staple in the diet of half the world’s population; as well as providing water filtration, flood control, and storm protection.

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