In sessile organisms like plants, interactions with strong fitness implications, such as seed dispersal, are influenced by individual traits and the surrounding environmental context. Recent studies ...

Understanding the influence of species interactions on community structure and biodiversity is a long-standing goal in ecology. While species interactions are predicted to be vulnerable to environment...

Language should never be a barrier to learning about birds. When we launched automatic translations into Spanish, the number of logged in users from Central and South America more than doubled — and w...

The diversity of fruits and frugivorous species is especially high in tropical regions where frugivory and seed dispersal interactions are particularly critical for the structure and functioning of terrestrial communities. However, the increasing urbanization in...

Intraspecific variation within animal seed disperser populations can influence the structure and function of plant–animal networks, with important consequences for vegetation dynamics and consumer be...

Using an unprecedented sampling effort we evaluated network structure and dynamics of plant-hummingbird interactions over 1 year in the Brazilian hyperdiverse Campos Rupestres. Network structure pres...

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Ecosystems which have never been seen before are being accidentally created by humans. They offer a stark look into the nature of tomorrow.

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In this study, we report four novel instances of frugivory by woodpeckers, specifically the green-barred woodpecker (Colaptes melanochloros), campo flicker (Colaptes campestris) and white-spotted wood...

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans...

Seeds consumed by three sympatric species of threatened Sporophila seedeaters: lessons for conservation and grassland restoration - Volume 34