The 2025 German federal election reflected significant changes in the political landscape, shaped by economic challenges, geopolitical tensions, and security concerns. Marked by high voter turnout, a weakened political center, and notable shifts in party strength – including gains by the AfD and losses for the FDP – it signals a departure from previous electoral patterns. This Special Issue examines key developments that not only pertain to this specific election but also reflect broader trends in other Western democracies, such as increasing volatility in voting behavior, the rise of the populist radical right, the political behavior of young voters, polarization, and the role of social media in campaigning.