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Henry Farrell

@himself.bsky.social
38K followers 637 following 6.8K posts

Professor of democracy and international affairs. www.henryfarrell.net and newsletter at www.programmablemutter.com. Underground Empire: How America Weaponized the World Economy (Holt, Penguin). www.publishersweekly.com/9781250840….

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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 04/10/2026
also, quite literally from @greatdismal.bsky.social Gernsback Continuum. A 1933 LA Times illustration reprinted in Hugo Gernsback's magazine, Technocracy Review, Vol.1, no.1.
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 04/10/2026
The "WOW crucial. Go authorization has arrived!" scenarios are going to be hilarious. Although maybe not so hilarious for those who are on the hook in some way.
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 02/10/2026
coincidentally, this just arrived
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 02/10/2026
from my actually-being-written-right-now @colmweb.org slide deck (final version may of course be different)
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 30/09/2026
www.programmablemutter.com/p/in-praise-... Like O'Brien, the prospect of being completely forgotten gives me hope and a sense of peace.
Striving to be a Dorothea is a noble vocation, and likely the best we can hope for in any event; sooner or later, we will all be forgotten. In the long course of time, all of our arguments and ideas will be broken down and decomposed. At best we may hope, if we are very lucky, that they will contribute in some minute way to a rich humus, from which plants that we will never see or understand might spring.
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 30/09/2026
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 28/09/2026
there was a moment in the early 1970s when Borges met Herbert Simon to discuss their different understandings of labyrinths
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 27/09/2026
there was an actual real encounter between Borges and Herbert Simon which I hope to be able to write up as it deserves some time
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 21/09/2026
still rules even if i say so myself www.programmablemutter.com/p/who-really...
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 20/09/2026
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 15/09/2026
Herb Simon on the vibes, published in 1965
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 15/09/2026
4. So what was the proposed solution? Let the workers organize to keep prices stable, and then have the bosses organize their own organization of peers so as to make deals with them! Workers would provide enforcement: any mines that broke with their peers to cut prices would face worker strikes.
Thus, in October 1885, Black Diamond called for the formation of a national operator associa-

tion to meet with the miners.

it would be for an executive committee of the national producers’ organjoin hands with the chief executive committee of the National Federation of Miners and Mine Labourers on all matters calculated to advance the interests of the coal industry and whenever refractory members of either organization are to be

How easy ization to

disciplined.

8 18

As the 1886 joint the idea of worker

conference

organization

Black Diamond warmed to in the coal fields.

approached,

Complete organization among miners as well as operators should be vigorously pushed Difficulties may present themselves in the adjustment of prices to be paid for mining in the several states.... Different grades of coal come into the same market.... This, and the rates of freight, should be fully established when a certain price should be agreed upon.... A persistent infraction of this rule on the part of an operator, by selling his coal at less than the circular price, should be followed by a cessation of work at his mines
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 15/09/2026
3. When capitalists can't organize themselves, they can ask workers to do the organizing. Bowman documents very similar behavior in the nineteenth century US coal industry. Coal magnates kept on undercutting each other - the trade newspaper worried that this was likely to lead to industry collapse.
In each of the major producing states prices declined from 1893 to an unprecedented low in 1897 or 1898. Nationwide, the decline was from $.96 in 1893 to $.80 in 1898.9 As Black Diamond, the leading trade publication,  lamented in 1886,

"competition in the bituminous coal market has attained a point where it becomes only a question of time for one to drop out of the race, leaving after another of the weaker producers the remainder to carry on an unprofitable and inglorious fight by one they become exhausted."

Alarmed by the decline in the price of their product, coal operators sought to stabilize prices through voluntary internal means, but to no avail. Pleas to organize, to merge individual interest into the common interest failed to stem the competitive tide.
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 15/09/2026
2. Back in the cut-throat capitalism of the nineteenth century, businesses didn't like competition any more than they do these days. Some of them adopted an interesting approach to solving the problem: unionization. Cue Friedrich Engels as quoted by John Bowman.
IN an 1889 article entitled &dquo;The Abdication of the Bourgeoisie,&dquo; Friedrich Engels described a seemingly bizarre incident in which Lancashire cotton mill owners, unable to act voluntarily in pursuit of their collective interest, requested their organized workers &dquo;kindly to use

coercion against them, the mill-owners, so that the mill-owners ... should finally act in concert as a class....&dquo;I Workers, in short, were to organize capitalists. Engels wrote that this incident was &dquo;unique in the

history

of modern

industry,&dquo;

the notion of actively intervening, with the

and, indeed,

for most of

us,

independent organization of workers acquiescence of capitalists, to organize the economic behavior of the latter class is anomalous at best, violating a basic truth of historical materialism-that the organization of capitalism generates a fundamental, irreconcilable conflict between workers and capitalists.
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 14/09/2026
AI author-spamming veers unexpectedly into bonkers surrealism
Dear Henry,

What stood out to me about The Complete Works of Henry Farrell is the value of bringing eleven titles together in one collection. Rather than introducing readers to a single story, this volume offers an opportunity to discover an entire body of work, with the recurring presence of Toffee creating a recognizable thread across much of the collection.

The titles suggest a varied reading experience, moving through stories such as The Vengeance of Toffee, Double Identity, No Time for Toffee!, The Laughter of Toffee, Blessed Event, I’ll Dream of You, Toffee Haunts a Ghost, You Can’t Scare Me!, Toffee Takes a Trip, Toffee Turns the Trick, and The Shades of Toffee. This variety gives the collection a strong appeal for readers who enjoy returning characters, humorous situations, mystery, family themes, unusual encounters, and the comfort of having multiple stories available in one edition.
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 12/09/2026
www.programmablemutter.com/p/how-should...
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 11/09/2026
both Neuromancer and Rising Sun are downstream of Jervis on system effects.
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 10/09/2026
This is a surprisingly common headline for fundraising emails. I keep waiting for the day when the body of the email will begin "The truth is I don't actually know you, and all I care about is whether you click the link and send me money." That is the day that I will actually donate. It's not today.
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 10/09/2026
sortes blueskyianae
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 03/09/2026
I refute it thus
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 30/08/2026
Photo from when he played DC with the same backdrop, and related comments. Cruelty can turn out to be weakness rather than strength www.programmablemutter.com/p/the-limits...
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 29/08/2026
Meanwhile, the datacenter cope-slop at the Wall Street Journal editorial page is threatening to overflow the containment tank www.wsj.com/opinion/arti...
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 27/08/2026
The worst writing I have ever read was David Brooks' attack on the "Keyboard Kingpin" and his squadrons of rabid, venom-unleashing command-lambs www.nytimes.com/2006/06/25/o...
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 26/08/2026
FWIW of all the pieces I've written in the last two years, this seemed to do the most work and make the most useful connections www.nytimes.com/2025/10/08/o...
The struggle over regime change is about whether the aspiring authoritarians can subdue civil society. Their strategy is to play divide and conquer, rewarding friends and brutally punishing opponents. They win when society cracks, creating a self-enforcing set of expectations, in which everyone shuts up and complies because everyone expects everyone else to shut up and comply, too.

Those who oppose authoritarianism have to play a different game, creating solidarity among an unwieldy coalition, which knows that if everyone holds together, they will surely succeed. This too can become a self-reinforcing set of expectations — but only if the coalition’s members resist the threats and promises of those who are trying to break it.
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 26/08/2026
Finally, from TSOTA: Simon recognizes how you can't optimize big systems and shouldn't try. Organization thrives on variety, and on providing people with opportunities to figure out what they actually want. Simon-meets-Stafford-Beer is neither HM nor anarchist romantics but a secret third thing.
When we come to the design of systems as complex as cities, or buildings, or economies, we must give up the aim of creating systems that will optimize some hypothesized utility function, and we must consider whether differences in style … do not represent highly desirable variants in the design process rather than alternatives to be evaluated as “better” or “worse.” Variety, within the limits of satisfactory constraints, may be a desirable end in itself, among other reasons, because it permits us to attach value to the search as well as its outcome—to regard the design process as itself a valued activity for those who participate in it.
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 26/08/2026
Third - also Cosma and me - Simon repeatedly acknowledges the importance of messiness and tradeoffs in bureaucracy and organizations. Simon is a man of system - but one who also recognizes that the crafting of organization is a political rather than technocratic art.
imon, Smithburg and Thompson (1958, 74) discusses how both the Work Projects Administration and the War Production Board had to choose policies across widely divergent goals in the first half of the twentieth century; “pump priming” versus immediate help to the unemployed in the former case, and finding tradeoffs between war goals and civilian needs in the latter. As they note, such “internal conflicts and contradictions among the ultimate objectives, or among the means selected to attain them” imply that “the means-end hierarchy is seldom an integrated, completely connected chain.” Such vexing choices regularly emerge in bureaucratic implementation and articulation, as well as in goal-setting at the top, making them fundamentally political problems, and this is just what optimization does not solve. As Recht (2023) bluntly says, “you can’t optimize a trade-off.” There is no consensus over how to optimize over multiple independent objectives in even moderately complex situations.
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 26/08/2026
Second, disagreeing with @buddyyakov.bsky.social , Dean Ball is way, WAY more high modernist than the folks he wants to go after. For more on Dean's "Nick Land Meets the Universalized Unitary Executive," read Cosma and myself in extenso - knightcolumbia.org/content/ai-a...
As the primary drafter of the Trump administration’s AI Action Plan argued shortly before he took up his White House position (Ball, 2025):

Today, when the CEO of a company wants to make some change to a business process, they relay that command through chains of leadership, and each time it loses some fidelity …[Now] CEOs and managers will be able to say “jump,” and in unison, tens, hundreds, thousands, or millions, of agents will say “how high?” I note, with interest, the fact that this technology is being built at the very time that the Republican Party, and Donald Trump in particular, seek to advance theories of a “unitary executive”—the notion that the President exercises the powers granted to him by the Constitution and by Congress absolutely. By the end of President Trump’s term, that may be more possible than anyone ever imagined.

While Ball’s politics are more complex than this might suggest (Klein, 2026), he reportedly (Bronzini-Vender, 2026) continues to argue that AI:

might replace the Supreme Court, then the United States government itself. AI, [Ball] said, was “this giant acid vat” dissolving society’s mediating institutions. “Future institutions will be machinic,” he said. “It will not be AI in government. It’s going to be AI as governments.”
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 25/08/2026
NB the bookshelf behind another prominent individual interested in renewing New York city.
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 22/08/2026
mustelids can hurt! Also: otters are mustelids as per @dylanmatt.bsky.social in this all time classic of the Internets www.vox.com/2014/4/24/56...
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 22/08/2026
I do the shot and Sam serves up the chaser.
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 20/08/2026
someone has been reading their shelley www.wsj.com/world/middle...
After sinking more than $50 billion into Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s dreams of a sci-fi metropolis, the kingdom is now spending billions of dollars more to wind down contracts, leaving mammoth-sized partially built structures to gather sand in the desert.
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 20/08/2026
www.programmablemutter.com/p/who-really...
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 08/08/2026
Nice to see and hold the physical version. For the virtual as.ft.com/r/c1054499-a...
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 08/08/2026
Dan Wang and I have written the Weekend Essay at @financialtimes.com and if I can say so myself it's a banger as.ft.com/r/c1054499-a...
An illustration from classic Golden Age era science fiction.
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 02/08/2026
Irish summers how are ya
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 30/07/2026
Chris Hayes was good on this in a conversation with Ezra Klein before Mamdani was elected - www.nytimes.com/2025/06/28/o... - the whole discussion is good on the experimentation/attention dynamic.

I think it’s the most important question in some ways. One thing I would say is, I like experimentation and new ideas.

When he was asked about the public groceries — I think it’s in “The Bulwark Podcast” — he says: We’ll try it, and if it doesn’t work, c’est la vie.

I love that answer. Politicians never give that answer. The person who really most embodied that spirit is F.D.R.

If you go back and read about the first hundred days, they’re just trying a lot. We now think about F.D.R. as this colossus who remade the relationship between the citizen and the federal government. A lot of that stuff did not work — like, fully failed. A lot of the interventions failed.

They did a lot of clunky stuff. It was a totally different time. He had these enormous mandates, and it was a crisis.

I like the idea of experimentation and these ideas coming from outside of the consensus around sensible policy. The test for it is: Can you deliver?
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 29/07/2026
Randall Jarrell - "I had thought a good motto for critics might be what the Persians taught their children: to shoot the bow and speak the truth; but perhaps a better one would be Cordelia's love and be silent." (nb I quite liked the movie)
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 29/07/2026
point. counterpoint.
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 28/07/2026
From Randall Jarrell's letters
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 18/07/2026
assets.joelgustafson.com/2025-10-29/T...
The labyrinth is made so that whoever enters it gets lost, so
they wander. But at the same time it implies a call to the
visitor to reproduce the plan according to which it is built,
and thus solve the confusion. If they succeed, they will have
destroyed the labyrinth: for whoever has unraveled it, there is
no longer a labyrinth.
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 17/07/2026
on second thoughts, could have been phrased better
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 13/07/2026
www.programmablemutter.com/p/the-median...
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 10/07/2026
www.programmablemutter.com/p/patrick-ob...
Most importantly, he believes that knowing one’s men, as individuals and as a group, is crucial to proper command. Some people who read O’Brian reasonably complain about the detailed description of ship’s rigging and equipment. Far fewer note the nearly equally omnipresent philosophical discussions and asides, which frequently counterpose both Aubrey and Maturin’s lively attention to the individual to Whiggish abstractions. The abominable banker Mr. Ellis is naturally a friend of Jeremy Bentham, whom he lauds as “the gentleman that wrote the Defense of Usury (it deserved to be printed in gold) [and] had invented a whipping machine.”

Bentham’s whipping machine would certainly be more efficient than the cat’o’ninetails but efficiency is not the summum bonum. When Jack has his men punished in an earlier scene, he reproves a midshipman for not being properly dressed for the occasion: “these wretched men were going to be flogged and it was their right to have it done with due ceremony - all hands gravely present, the officers with their gold-laced hats and swords, the drummer there to beat a roll.”
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 07/07/2026
The weirdness and endemic dishonesty of this saga led me to break with a large chunk of the post-Snowden left that I used to be friendly with. crookedtimber.org/2023/06/08/d...
The Intercept has been a notoriously fractious organization, with people leaving in angry huffs, being forced to leave, newsroom leaks and the like. I can understand why they don’t want more drama. But that doesn’t make it right. It’s an article whose fundamental flaws have caused specific hurt and had wide repercussions for American media and politics. Fixing fuck-ups like this is Journalism Ethics 101.

And there’s a deeper story here about something that has gone badly wrong with one part of the American left, which I used to be reasonably friendly with, and have found increasingly weird and alienating over the last few years (some things I used to think, I don’t think any more; some people I respected, I’ve given up on). One of the key consequences of the Intercept article has been to undermine efforts to understand, let alone push back against, democratic disinformation. I suspect that is an intended consequence. The article’s authors make it clear that they don’t think that government should have any role in making the information environment better. That’s an argument that I strongly disagree with, but it is not an inherently stupid argument. What is stupid – and worse than stupid – is the conspiratorial logic they use to defend it, patching together out-of-context quotes, breathless rhetoric, and disconnected factoids to suggest by sheer force of volume that There Is Something Wicked Going On. A healthy distrust of the state has mutated into a creepy wake-up-sheeple paranoia. The Intercept is still publishing good journalism (e.g.). But this is a style of writing that it needs to cut off at the roots.
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 25/06/2026
background information
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 24/06/2026
I don't want to poke fun at the sincerely held beliefs of probably very nice people who I would like if I ever met them but ... substack.com/home/post/p-...
“If we’re going to die,” said Ben Woden, operations manager at Pivotal Research, a fellowship program for aspiring AI researchers, “I would really, really prefer to die fighting.” He then clarified that by “fighting” he meant continuing to work at his job as an operations manager for an AI safety nonprofit, not bombing a data center.
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 14/06/2026
sfstandard.com/2026/06/13/b...
At one point, there were so many organizations fundraising off the threat of the Billionaire Tax Act that two donors — Ritankar Das of Titan Holdings and Genevieve Jurvetson — tried to organize a Zoom call to get them all in one place. The idea, according to someone with knowledge of the plans, was for donors to appear with their screens blacked out to maintain privacy while representatives for each organization took turns pitching their visions — like an episode of “Shark Tank” in the dark. The idea was eventually scrapped over fear that details would leak to the press, the source said.
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 10/06/2026
On a somewhat related topic, have a somewhat related co-authored piece coming out real soon.
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 25/05/2026
Here's the full quote (too big to be alt-texted)
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Henry Farrell @himself.bsky.social · 14/05/2026
"But Marx had drawn a nightmare picture of what happened to human life under capitalism, when everything was produced only in order to be exchanged; when true qualities and uses dropped away, and the human power of making and doing itself became only an object to be traded. Then the makers and the things made turned alike into commodities, and the motion of society turned into a kind of zombie dance, a grim cavorting whirl in which objects and people blurred together till the objects were half-alive and the people were half-dead. Stock-market prices acted back upon the world as if they were independent powers, requiring factories to be opened or closed, real human beings to work or rest, hurry or dawdle; and they, having given the transfusion that made the stock prices come alive, felt their flesh go cold and impersonal on them, mere mechanisms for chunking out the man-hours. Living money and dying humans, metal as tender as skin and skin as hard as metal, taking hands, and dancing round, and round, and round, with no way ever of stopping: the quickened and the deadened, whirling on. That was Marx's description, anyway. And what would be the alternative? A dance of another nature, Emil presumed. A dance to the music of use, where every step fulfilled some real need, did some tangible good, and no matter how fast the dancers spun, they moved easily, because they moved to a human measure, intelligible to all, chosen by all. Emil gave a hop and shuffle in the dust." -- Francis Spufford, Red Plenty, Graywolf Press, 2010: 66-67.
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