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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee

@hankhplee.bsky.social
248 followers 241 following 44 posts

PhD student @CMU HCII | Prev: IBM Research, Microsoft Research, Brave I develop tools that assist AI practitioners in identifying, reasoning about, and mitigating privacy risks during the development of AI products. hankhplee.com

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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 13/08/2026
9/9 Huge thanks and congrats to my amazing co-authors: Jessica He, David Piorkowski, Thomas Serban von Davier, Jodi Forlizzi, @sauvik.me
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 13/08/2026
8/9 🔑 The key upshot: making products more agentic creates new risks, which get fixed by making the products less agentic. Neither today's tooling nor governance frameworks give developers a way out of that loop.
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 13/08/2026
7/9 ⚒️ Ability: Developers mitigated risk through human oversight, action constraints, access control, and validation. But these controls worked by constraining the very things that made the product agentic. Many teams had no reliable way to check if a fix worked.
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 13/08/2026
6/9 📊 Prioritization: A risk got fixed when it threatened performance, adoption, compliance, or a client relationship. Risks that cost time or fell outside a team's job got pushed aside, even when serious.
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 13/08/2026
5/9 👀 Awareness: Developers focused more on risks tied directly to product performance — policy violations, compounding failures, unclear accountability — than on downstream risks like job displacement or privacy.
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 13/08/2026
4/9 We interviewed 35 developers at IBM building user-facing agentic AI products: systems built on foundation models, with tool access, that act autonomously across multi-step tasks to pursue users' goals. Three findings stood out:
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 13/08/2026
3/9 Governance frameworks call for "meaningful human control" over agentic AI. But how is that achieved in practice? We knew little about how developers actually building these products perceive risk, prioritize fixes, and try to implement them. That's the gap we studied.
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 13/08/2026
2/9 Agentic AI is hailed as the next paradigm for software: it can act autonomously, with limited oversight, across all kinds of tasks & environments. That's also exactly why it's risky — agents can violate policies, misuse tools, leak data, or act in ways no one can trace.
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 13/08/2026
📣 New paper alert 📣 What if AI agents' biggest strength is also their biggest risk? "The Perils of Agency: How Developers Perceive, Prioritize, and Address Risks in Agentic AI Products" (#AIES2026) 📑 hankhplee.com/papers/aies2... 🧵1/9
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 09/04/2026
💼 I'll also be going on the 2026–27 job market for 𝘁𝗲𝗻𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗰𝗸 𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝘁 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗳𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗼𝗿 positions and 𝗶𝗻𝗱𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘆 𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗲𝘀 where I can continue my research in human-centered {AI, privacy, security}. If you've just come off the market or would be willing to share advice, I'd love to connect at CHI!
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 09/04/2026
We'll also be presenting our workshop paper, "Promoting Critical Thinking With Domain-Specific Generative AI Provocations," at the Workshop on Tools for Thought on Thu, Apr 16 | 2:15–6:00 PM | P1 - Room 122. arxiv.org/abs/2603.19975
arxiv.org
Promoting Critical Thinking With Domain-Specific Generative AI Provocations
The evidence on the effects of generative AI (GenAI) on critical thinking is mixed, with studies suggesting both potential harms and benefits depending on its implementation. Some argue that AI-driven...
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 09/04/2026
First is our full paper, "Privy: Envisioning and Mitigating Privacy Risks for Consumer-facing AI Product Concepts" (Honorable Mention Award 🎖️) in Steering and Evaluating Generative AI on Fri, Apr 17 | 9:00–10:30 AM | P1 - Room 117. arxiv.org/abs/2509.23525
arxiv.org
Privy: Envisioning and Mitigating Privacy Risks for Consumer-facing AI Product Concepts
AI creates and exacerbates privacy risks, yet practitioners lack effective resources to identify and mitigate these risks. We present Privy, a tool that guides practitioners without privacy expertise through structured privacy impact assessments to: (i) identify relevant risks in novel AI product concepts, and (ii) propose appropriate mitigations. Privy was shaped by a formative study with 11 practitioners, which informed two versions -- one LLM-powered, the other template-based. We evaluated these two versions of Privy through a between-subjects, controlled study with 24 separate practitioners, whose assessments were reviewed by 13 independent privacy experts. Results show that Privy helps practitioners produce privacy assessments that experts deemed high quality: practitioners identified relevant risks and proposed appropriate mitigation strategies. These effects were augmented in the LLM-powered version. Practitioners themselves rated Privy as being useful and usable, and their feedback illustrates how it helps overcome long-standing awareness, motivation, and ability barriers in privacy work.
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 09/04/2026
Excited to be in Barcelona 🇪🇸 next week for #CHI2026 and share one full paper and one workshop paper on privacy, GenAI, and critical thinking.
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 14/03/2026
This line of work includes: Privy (CHI ’26 Honorable Mention Award): hankhplee.com/papers/privy... AI Privacy Taxonomy (CHI ’24 Best Paper Award): hankhplee.com/papers/chi24... AI Practitioners’ Privacy Work Interviews (USENIX Security ’24 Distinguished Paper Award): hankhplee.com/papers/sec24...
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 14/03/2026
Really excited that “Privy” received a CHI ’26 Honorable Mention Award 🏅 Privy is part of my PhD work on AI privacy: understanding AI privacy risks, studying why they’re hard to address in practice, and building tools that help product teams act on them.
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Yuxuan Li @yuxuanli1225.bsky.social · 25/02/2026
Can LLMs really serve as "crash dummies" for security & privacy testing? We put this assumption to the test. 🚨New preprint 🚨: "How Well Can LLM Agents Simulate End-User Security and Privacy Attitudes and Behaviors?" 👇 THREAD 👇 [Link to paper: arxiv.org/abs/2602.184... [1/n]
arxiv.org
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 24/10/2025
Excited and grateful to share that I’ve been named a Presidential Fellow by @cylab.bsky.social ! Endless thanks to my advisors @sauvik.me and Jodi Forlizzi, and all my collaborators for their constant inspiration as we work toward shaping the future of privacy-preserving AI.
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Sauvik Das @sauvik.me · 22/10/2025
Congrats to my student @hankhplee.bsky.social for being recognized as one of the 2025 CyLab Presidential fellows! cylab.cmu.edu/news/2025/1...
cylab.cmu.edu
CyLab names 2025 Presidential Fellows
Each year, CyLab recognizes high-achieving Ph.D. students pursuing security and/or privacy-related research, with a CyLab Presidential Fellowship, covering an entire year of tuition.
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Sauvik Das @sauvik.me · 30/04/2025
@cylab.bsky.social wrote a great article on @hankhplee.bsky.social's #chi2025 paper on Purpose Mode. He presented it today and did a great job! PurposeMode reduces distraction on social media from 28% -> 7%. You can use it, too! It's open source :) cylab.cmu.edu/news/2025/04...
cylab.cmu.edu
Purpose Mode helps social media users stay focused on their desired tasks
A CMU research team has developed Purpose Mode — a browser extension that allows users to “toggle off” Attention Capture Damaging Patterns (ACDPs) while using social media platforms.
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 29/04/2025
Tomorrow (Wed), I will be presenting our @acmtochi.bsky.social paper "Purpose Mode: Reducing Distraction through Toggling Attention Capture Damaging Patterns on Social Media Web Sites" at: - Wed, 30 Apr | 11:22 AM - 11:34 AM | Room G301 - Session link: programs.sigchi.org/chi/2025/my-...
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 27/04/2025
Tomorrow (Mon), I will be presenting our #CHI2025 paper "The Impact of Generative AI on Critical Thinking" at: - Mon, 28 Apr | 4:44 PM | Room G314 + G315 - Session link: programs.sigchi.org/chi/2025/pro...
programs.sigchi.org
Conference Programs
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 24/04/2025
(Reposts appreciated!) Do you work on user-facing Artificial Intelligence (AI) products? We would like to hear from you! Please fill out this survey to sign up for the study: cmu.ca1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_...
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 11/04/2025
@yuxuanli1225.bsky.social has been producing great work since day one of his PhD. Can’t wait to see where his brilliant work leads next!
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 28/03/2025
This work is done during my internship @msftresearch.bsky.social. Huge thanks to my incredible mentors and collaborators: @advaitsarkar.bsky.social @levlevlev.bsky.social Ian, Sean, Richard, and Nick!
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 28/03/2025
We can boost motivation by positioning critical reflection as professional growth—not just extra auditing. Strengthen ability with AI reasoning explanations, guided critiques, and cross-references. Think of GenAI as a provocateur—encouraging workers to refine outputs confidently.
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 28/03/2025
Our findings show GenAI tools should enhance motivators (like quality standards, skill-building) and mitigate inhibitors (time constraints, low awareness) to preserve critical thinking, e.g., proactive prompts can spotlight overlooked tasks, while reactive features offer on-demand assistance.
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 28/03/2025
We observed a shift from “execution” to “stewardship.” GenAI automates tasks like info-gathering or content creation, but workers now invest effort in verification, editing, and alignment with project needs. This pattern emerges widely across different roles and tasks.
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 28/03/2025
GenAI often lowers perceived effort for critical thinking—especially when users trust its capabilities. Interestingly, those confident in their own expertise tend to dig deeper, spending extra time verifying and refining AI outputs.
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 28/03/2025
Their reports are in line with the longstanding balancing of effort at work. In high-stakes tasks requiring high accuracy, they report engaging in more perceived ​effort, including thinking critically. In low-stakes routine tasks with high time pressure, they report engaging in less perceived effort
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 28/03/2025
Knowledge workers rely on critical thinking with GenAI to maintain work quality. They define it as setting clear goals, refining prompts, and verifying outputs against external sources and their own expertise. They’re driven by the need to avoid errors, improve work quality, and hone skills.
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 28/03/2025
We surveyed 319 knowledge workers from diverse fields, collecting 936 real-world GenAI-assisted tasks. We asked: When is critical thinking necessary? How do they enact it? Does GenAI affect the effort of critical thinking—and how much? We found that…
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 28/03/2025
We ground our discussion using Bloom’s Taxonomy, focusing on knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. In a GenAI-driven workflow, each of these cognitive activities faces new challenges—and opportunities—for deeper critical engagement.
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 28/03/2025
GenAI is everywhere in the knowledge workflow—from drafting emails to sparking new ideas. But as usage soars, how do we balance its benefits with mindful, reflective work? To design GenAI for better critical thinking, we must first understand how it is currently affecting knowledge work.
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 28/03/2025
How does using GenAI tools reshape knowledge workers’ critical thinking? Our #CHI2025 paper studied 319 knowledge workers to dive into this question. w/@advaitsarkar.bsky.social @levlevlev.bsky.social Ian, Sean, Richard, Nick @msftresearch.bsky.social @hcii.cmu.edu www.microsoft.com/en-us/resear...
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 09/02/2025
Not at all Ketan! I really appreciated your thoughtful comments on the paper! This is also an amazing opportunity for me to really understand how people feel about our work. I am truly humbled and appreciated!
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 09/02/2025
I'm absolutely thrilled to see my recent CHI paper go viral! I’m humbled by all the support and grateful for the thoughtful critiques. Critical thinking in the Generative AI era is more important than ever — stay tuned for more insights soon!
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 07/02/2025
Massive thanks to my advisor @sauvik.me, my brave.com internship mentor Philipp, and my amazing collaborators Yi-Shyuan, Lan, and Stephanie! We’re on a mission to challenge the trillion-dollar attention economy — one toggle at a time!
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 07/02/2025
Purpose Mode helps you remove cluttered layouts, notifications, infinite scroll, color saturation, and autoplay. It’s fully open-sourced on GitHub — give it a shot and reclaim your attention: github.com/hankhplee/pu... 🎥 youtu.be/AWY8HQ_z_-c?...
youtu.be
Purpose Mode Demo Video (TOCHI)
YouTube video by Hank Lee
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 07/02/2025
So what is the bottom line here? Removing these subtle yet powerful design traps through tools like Purpose Mode drastically lowers perceived distraction. It puts you back in control — and makes your social media browsing more purposeful.
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 07/02/2025
Overall, users’ subjective perceptions, such as sense of agency, overshadowed ACDPs as immediate predictors of users’ perceived distraction. Yet when we asked them to reflect on losing focus, they often blamed these dark patterns, suggesting habituation conceals their influence.
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 07/02/2025
In the second week, they were introduced to Purpose Mode, a browser extension we built to allow users to “toggle off” ACDPs. Participants reported feeling distracted only 7% of the time and spent 21 fewer daily minutes browsing these websites.
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 07/02/2025
In the first week, our participants reported feeling distracted in 28% of the EMA questionnaires they answered. Their subjective perceptions of the browsing experience, such as a sense of control and satisfaction, were highly correlated with their perceived distractedness.
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 07/02/2025
We ran a 2-week study with 29 daily users of Facebook, X, LinkedIn, & YouTube — tracking ACDPs (dark patterns) and their perceived distraction via ecological momentary assessment (EMA) questionnaires when browsing these websites. We found that…
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 07/02/2025
Inspired by Monge Roffarello et al’s Attention Capture Damaging Patterns (ACDPs) taxonomy (attentioncapture.com): RQ1: How do ACDPs impact users' perceived distraction on social media websites? RQ2: How does Purpose Mode that removes ACDPs affect people's use and experience on these websites?
attentioncapture.com
ATTENTION CAPTURE – Defining and identifying attention capture damaging patterns in digital interfaces
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 07/02/2025
Social media platforms wage a trillion-dollar battle for your attention, deploying infinite feeds, autoplay, and flashy visual cues that prey on your cognitive biases to keep you hooked. How can we build for a more purposeful and less distracting browsing experience on social media?
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 07/02/2025
🚨Trapped by infinite scroll & autoplay on social media? Our TOCHI paper introduces a system that reduces distraction by 4x by suppressing these and other dark patterns. Purpose Mode: Reducing Distraction through Toggling ACDPs on Social Media Web Sites 📝 hankhplee.com/papers/purpo...
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Sauvik Das @sauvik.me · 17/12/2024
📣 New paper Privacy harms can seem small in isolation. Viewed in aggregate, however, we realize how creepy surveillance capitalism can be. Unfortunately, these harms go unreported, blurring aggregate impacts. Our #CSCW paper explores how to fix that: sauvikdas.com/papers/56/se... #AcademicSky
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Hao-Ping (Hank) Lee @hankhplee.bsky.social · 12/12/2024
Me seeing this thread 5 hours before my 14.5 hours flight 🙄
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Sauvik Das @sauvik.me · 20/11/2024
I created a starter pack for researchers who work at the nexus of HCI & cybersecurity / privacy here. Please do let me know if you would like to be added to the list!I'm sure I've missed many folks. go.bsky.app/RGsu5jn
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