Spaceflight tests reveal that 0.33g mitigates muscle loss, but 0.67g is needed to keep function, impacting future Mars missions.

Sarcopenia, the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with aging, is a major challenge to healthy longevity due to its profound effect …

Myogenic regulatory factors, including myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD1 or MyoD) and myogenic factor 5 (Myf5), crucially regulate skeletal muscle lineage specification and development. Although...

Small mammals rely on type IIb myofibers, expressing the fastest myosin IIb (encoded by MYH4 ), for rapid muscle contraction. In contrast, larger mammals, including humans, show reduced or absent MYH4...