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Francisca Vasconcelos

@franvasco.bsky.social
353 followers 88 following 38 posts

CS PhD Student @ UC Berkeley Interested in Quantum Algorithms & Complexity + Machine Learning Qubit x Qubit Founding Academic Director franciscavasconcelos.github.io

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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 07/10/2026
Parity is not in QAC^0, after all 🙂 Problem #274 🥳 openai.com/index/sharin...
openai.com
Sharing AI progress in mathematics
OpenAI publishes new results on open problems in mathematics from an internal frontier model and shares Lean proof formalizations and research details on GitHub.
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 01/10/2026
I am very excited to share this new work, which was the culmination of my summer internship at Amazon Quantum. It was a lot of fun to work on this with Fernando Brandão, Alex Dalzell, and András Gilyén, who taught me a lot about the quantum SDP literature 🙂
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 01/10/2026
Did you know there was a quartic quantum advantage for SDP solving? Unfortunately, we show it's only a quadratic speedup by dequantizing the Quantum OR lemma... 🥲 But, our quantum-inspired algorithm is the first sublinear time classical solver for general sparse SDPs! 🥳 arxiv.org/abs/2609.40302
arxiv.org
Solving Sparse SDPs in Sublinear Time: A Classical Algorithm Inspired by the Quantum OR Lemma
We give the first sublinear-time classical solvers for sparse semidefinite programs in the bounded-radius regime, without low-rank assumptions or Frobenius norm dependence on the constraint matrices. ...
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 01/10/2026
6) Finally, although I am highlighting QAC^0, the work achieves many similar depth-preserving compilation results across the shallow-depth hierarchy. Reducing these circuits to this alternating Hadmard and phase gates form reveals an interesting connecting btw circuit complexity and Forrelation...
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 01/10/2026
5) From a complexity perspective, this is especially exciting, bc it reduces the longstanding conjecture Parity ∉ QAC^0 to proving a Parity lower-bound against this restricted constant-depth circuit class of Hadmard and X single-qubit gates. I believe this to be a major structural simplification...
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 01/10/2026
4) For decision problems, such as Parity, I further show that even T gates are not necessary (i.e. realification can be done in a depth-preserving fashion). Therefore, for decision problems QAC^0 is equivalent to the class of constant-depth circuits with only H, X, and generalized Toffoli gates!
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 01/10/2026
3) Back in the unbounded width setting, I also show that Fan-Out is not necessary, enabling single-qubit gate synthesis with just {H, T, and generalized Toffoli}. This implies that for unitary synthesis, QAC^0 is equally powerful to QAC^0 with only H, T, and X single-qubit gates!
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 01/10/2026
2) When the circuit is compiled into the standard bounded width gate setting (i.e. CNOT is the only multi-qubit gate), the construction has depth O(loglog 1/eps). However, I prove a matching lower bound, establishing depth-optimality of the procedure in the bounded-width gate setting.
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 01/10/2026
1) This work establishes the first constant-depth and fully unitary circuit for single-qubit gate synthesis, with a gate set of {H, T, log-width Toffoli, and sublog-width Fan-Out}. The circuit is surprisingly simple - just a block encoding followed by amplitude amplification.
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 01/10/2026
I am very excited to share my recent work, "Depth-Optimal Quantum Compilation". Per usual, this project started with a question about QAC^0, but led down an interesting gate-synthesis rabbit hole... There are a number of cool take-aways and results (summarized below). arxiv.org/abs/2609.34659
arxiv.org
Depth-Optimal Quantum Compilation
We achieve the first constant-depth circuit for arbitrary single-qubit gate synthesis. Unlike prior approaches, the construction is fully unitary and requires no pre-supplied catalyst. For any constan...
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Reposted by Francisca Vasconcelos
Ben Recht @beenwrekt.bsky.social · 11/09/2026
Ted Chiang wrote the definitive essay on p(doom) in 2017. It's worth reading again in light of this week's events.
buzzfeednews.com
Silicon Valley Is Turning Into Its Own Worst Fear
We asked a group of writers to consider the forces that have shaped our lives in 2017. Here, science fiction writer Ted Chiang looks at capitalism, Silicon Valley, and its fear of superintelligent AI.
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 09/09/2026
The AC^0 lower-bounds leveraged follow from those of the original Raz-Tal BQP-PH separation. (It was actually Avishay that recommended this as a natural decision problem to me. ☺️) However, this result does not connect to PH, because the QAC^0 circuit assumes the truth table as input (non-oracular).
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 09/09/2026
The note resolves this challenge by leveraging a neat result from the appendix of the recent Grier-Morris-Wu paper (arxiv.org/abs/2601.03243) that enables preparation of multiple copies of a phase-encoded W state in QAC^0.
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 09/09/2026
Earlier attempts at resolving this problem resulted in my prior work, with Malvika Joshi, on QAC^0(f) Dicke state synthesis (arxiv.org/abs/2601.10693). However, we didn't manage Forrelation due to the hardness of computing the indexing function (binary-to-one-hot mapping) in QAC^0.
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 09/09/2026
Today I put out a short note outlining a new decision separation between QAC^0 and AC^0, based on 2-fold Forrelation! In particular, I give a QAC^0 circuit implementing explicit -input, non-oracular 2-Fold Forrelation. arxiv.org/abs/2609.07060
arxiv.org
2-Fold Forrelation is in QAC$^0$
We show that 2-fold Forrelation with inverse-polylogarithmic promise gap can be solved, with bounded error, by polynomial-size QAC$^0$ circuits. Unlike the standard oracle-based Forrelation algorithm,...
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 22/06/2026
Maybe this explains why my name keeps showing up as Francisco 😅
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Reposted by Francisca Vasconcelos
Quanta Magazine @quantamagazine.org · 17/02/2026
Henry Yuen went into computer science to design video games, but he ended up studying the theoretical foundations of quantum computing. "Looking back, I couldn't have predicted any of the twists and turns that my interests have taken," he said.
quantamagazine.org
A New Complexity Theory for the Quantum Age | Quanta Magazine
Henry Yuen is developing a new mathematical language to describe problems whose inputs and outputs aren’t ordinary numbers.
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Reposted by Francisca Vasconcelos
Francisco Machado @fmachado.eu · 16/02/2026
I'm currently hiring PhD students for my group at QuTech. If you are (or know of) a theory MSc student interested in the theory of how we can utilize quantum systems for new forms of communication, sensing, and simulation, I have a vacancy up. Please check: qutech.nl/vacancy/2-ph...
qutech.nl
2 PhD's Positions on Quantum Communication, Sensing and Simulation - QuTech
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 16/01/2026
Interestingly, this work achieves arbitrary-weight Dicke states in QAC^0_f, but only constant-weight Dicke states in QAC^0. Thus, a QAC^0 lower-bound against any ω(1)-weight Dicke state would separate QAC^0 and QAC^0_f, resolving a major open question in quantum complexity.
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 16/01/2026
For architectures (e.g. trapped ions) with access to global FAN-OUT gates, we offer poly-ancillae QAC^0_f circuits for exact preparation of arbitrary-weight Dicke states.
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 16/01/2026
For architectures (e.g. neutral atoms) with access to global CZ gates, we offer poly-ancillae QAC^0 circuits for exact preparation of constant-weight Dicke states. We also show that weight-1 Dicke states, i.e. W states, can be approximated to constant-error fidelity, using only *constant* ancillae.
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 16/01/2026
We overcome the log-depth barrier by moving beyond the standard circuit model and leveraging global interactions. In particular, we consider the constant-depth QAC^0 circuit class (arbitrary 1-QB and global CZ gates) and the QAC^0_f circuit class (arbitrary 1-QB and global FAN-OUT gates).
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 16/01/2026
However, in the standard circuit model (restricted to constant-width gates) there are logarithmic-depth lower-bounds for unitary Dicke state preparation. Thus, all previously known constant-depth protocols for exact Dicke state prep rely on measurement and adaptive feed-forward.
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 16/01/2026
There is a large literature on low-depth Dicke state preparation (see table) due to their prevalence in quantum physics, metrology, communication, and computation. For example, Dicke states are a main quantum resource in the recent Decoded Quantum Interferometry (DQI) algorithm.
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 16/01/2026
Very excited to share a new paper with Malvika Joshi (@malvikaraj.bsky.social) on "Constant-Depth Unitary Preparation of Dicke States"! In this work, we offer the first unitary, constant-depth circuits for exact preparation of arbitrary-weight Dicke states. arXiv: arxiv.org/abs/2601.10693
arxiv.org
Constant-Depth Unitary Preparation of Dicke States
Dicke states serve as a critical resource in quantum metrology, communication, and computation. However, unitary preparation of Dicke states is limited to logarithmic depth in standard circuit models ...
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Reposted by Francisca Vasconcelos
John Preskill @preskill.bsky.social · 06/01/2026
Dominik Hangleiter weighs in with an informative post about a much debated question: Has quantum advantage been achieved? This is the first post in a three-part series. quantumfrontiers.com/2026/01/06/h...
quantumfrontiers.com
Has quantum advantage been achieved?
Recently, I gave a couple of perspective talks on quantum advantage, one at the annual retreat of the CIQC and one at a recent KITP programme. I started off by polling the audience on who believed …
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 17/12/2025
Excitingly, the depth-3 proof introduces novel techniques for proving quantum circuit lower-bounds. We introduce a new form of quantum restrictions to simplify the circuit. We also show these QAC^0 circuits are simulable via small AC^0 circuits, enabling application of the classical Switching Lemma!
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 17/12/2025
Additionally, we prove the first depth-3 lower-bounds for QAC^0! Specifically, we show that depth-3 QAC^0 cannot compute exact Parity with unlimited ancillae nor exact Majority with super-polynomial ancillae.
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 17/12/2025
Our work improves upon previously known depth-2 lower bounds against Parity for QAC^0 with unlimited ancillae. First, we prove a new structural result (via entropy-based and Fourier-analytic arguments) showing that depth-2 QAC^0 circuits with unlimited ancillae have low influence.
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 17/12/2025
Very excited to share a new paper with Malvika Joshi, Avishay Tal, and John Wright on “Improved Lower Bounds for QAC^0”! In this work, we prove the strongest known lower-bounds to date for QAC^0 with the full power of polynomially many ancillae. arXiv: arxiv.org/abs/2512.14643
arxiv.org
Improved Lower Bounds for QAC0
In this work, we establish the strongest known lower bounds against QAC$^0$, while allowing its full power of polynomially many ancillae and gates. Our two main results show that: (1) Depth 3 QAC$^0...
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Reposted by Francisca Vasconcelos
Tom Gur @tomgur.bsky.social · 20/11/2025
Join us for the first Quantum Cambridge–Oxford–Warwick Colloquium (Quantum COW, if you insist...), 11–12 December 2025 at the University of Oxford. This meeting focuses on Quantum Low-Depth Complexity, with talks, tutorials, and open discussions. Details: qcow.cs.ox.ac.uk
qcow.cs.ox.ac.uk
QCOW
Department of Computer Science - People: Sergii Strelchuk - QCOW
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 23/09/2025
The full paper, titled "Methods for Reducing Ancilla-Overhead in Block Encodings", can be found on arxiv: arxiv.org/abs/2507.07900
arxiv.org
Methods for Reducing Ancilla-Overhead in Block Encodings
Block encodings are a fundamental primitive in quantum algorithms, but can often have large ancilla overhead. In this work, we introduce novel techniques for reducing this overhead in two distinct way...
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 23/09/2025
I was very excited to present my first research project on quantum algorithms at QSim 2025! This work, joint with András Gilyén, develops new space-time and space-accuracy tradeoffs for manipulation of block encodings, helping reduce ancilla-overhead in quantum algorithms. youtu.be/7AaZzzoSAic?...
youtu.be
Francisca Vasconcelos: “Methods for Reducing Ancilla-Overhead in Block Encodings”
YouTube video by Institute for Robust Quantum Simulation
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 19/08/2025
Beyond cryptographic implications, our approach yields novel average‑case learning lower bounds for QAC⁰ and suggests a new path towards proving Parity ∉ QAC⁰, a longstanding open problem in quantum complexity.
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 19/08/2025
Namely, by considering physically motivated models of computation—such as QAC⁰ and constant-depth circuits with mid-circuit measurements—we surpass prior constructions requiring Θ(log log n) depth.
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 19/08/2025
In exciting new work with Ben Foxman, @nat-parham.bsky.social , and @henryyuen.bsky.social we show that t-designs and pseudorandom unitaries are implementable in constant (quantum) time! arxiv.org/abs/2508.11487
arxiv.org
Random Unitaries in Constant (Quantum) Time
Random unitaries are a central object of study in quantum information, with applications to quantum computation, quantum many-body physics, and quantum cryptography. Recent work has constructed unitar...
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 02/07/2025
What better way to celebrate the 100th anniversary of quantum mechanics than a foundations conference in Gdańsk? I especially enjoyed learning about modern work on contextuality, quantum speed limits, & generalized probability + sharing ideas on connections between quantum logic and the QSVT ⚛️
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 18/06/2025
I had a lot of fun giving my first philosophy (lightning) talk and catching up with quantum learning theory friends at Foundations of Quantum Computing 2025, in Edinburgh!
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Quantum [Unofficial] @quantum-journal.org.web.brid.gy · 06/05/2025
quantum-journal.org
A Quadratic Speedup in Finding Nash Equilibria of Quantum Zero-Sum Games
Quantum 9, 1737 (2025). https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-05-06-1737 Recent developments in domains such as non-local games, quantum interactive proofs, and quantum generative adversarial networks have renewed interest in quantum game theory and, specifically, quantum zero-sum games. Central to classical game theory is the efficient algorithmic computation of Nash equilibria, which represent optimal strategies for both players. In 2008, Jain and Watrous proposed the first classical algorithm for computing equilibria in quantum zero-sum games using the Matrix Multiplicative Weight Updates (MMWU) method to achieve a convergence rate of $\mathcal{O}(d/\epsilon^2)$ iterations to $\epsilon$-Nash equilibria in the $4^d$-dimensional spectraplex. In this work, we propose a hierarchy of quantum optimization algorithms that generalize MMWU via an extra-gradient mechanism. Notably, within this proposed hierarchy, we introduce the Optimistic Matrix Multiplicative Weights Update (OMMWU) algorithm and establish its average-iterate convergence complexity as $\mathcal{O}(d/\epsilon)$ iterations to $\epsilon$-Nash equilibria. This quadratic speed-up relative to Jain and Watrous' original algorithm sets a new benchmark for computing $\epsilon$-Nash equilibria in quantum zero-sum games. Surfing the Ocean ERC seminar talk: QTML talk slides
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Reposted by Francisca Vasconcelos
David Ho @davidho.bsky.social · 04/05/2025
I think a lot about what Carl Sagan said in one of his final interviews.
"WE'VE ARRANGED A society based on science and technology, in which nobody understands anything about science technology. And this combustible mixture of ignorance and power, sooner or later, is going to blow up in our faces. Who is running the science and technology in a democracy if the people don't know anything about it?"
"Science is more than a body of knowledge, it's a way of thinking. A way of skeptically interrogating the universe with a fine understanding of human fallibility. If we are not able to ask skeptical questions, to interrogate those who tell us that something is true, to be skeptical of those in authority, then we're up for grabs for the next charlatan, political or religious, who comes ambling along."
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 17/03/2025
Last week, I spoke at the Surfing the Ocean ERC seminar on faster classical algorithms for finding Nash equilibria of quantum zero-sum games. In particular, we achieve an O(1/\eps) convergence rate -- a quadratic speedup over the Jain-Watrous MMWU algorithm (2009). www.youtube.com/watch?v=lw0J...
youtube.com
Surfing the OCEAN - Francisca Vasconcelos
YouTube video by Erc Ocean
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 08/02/2025
On behalf of Qubit x Qubit: 🚀 Calling all Quantum Computing and Cybersecurity Companies in NY! We're seeking internship hosts in NY state to provide hands-on experience in quantum computing and cybersecurity! 📨 If you’re in NY state and are interested in more details, email us at eqci@the-cs.org.
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 18/12/2024
Thanks Henry 😊
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 18/12/2024
At QTML 2024, I spoke about recent work with Robert Huang on "Learning shallow quantum circuits with many-qubit gates" (a.k.a. efficient learning of QAC^0 unitaries). In this ~15min talk I discuss the project motivation, key results, and high-level proof ideas. www.youtube.com/watch?v=iRiJ...
youtube.com
Learning shallow quantum circuits with many-qubit gates - Francisca Vasconcelos
YouTube video by QTML Conference
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Francisca Vasconcelos @franvasco.bsky.social · 12/12/2024
Very excited that our work was featured on @tomgur.bsky.social's 2024 advent calendar, alongside many great math/TCS talks from the year! 😊
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Jens Eisert @jenseisert.bsky.social · 26/11/2024
Day two of #qtml2024 brings another bouquet of exciting talks, e.g, by Maria Schuld and Kristan Temme - and also my plenary talk and a small technical talk have been happening today. I like how the meeting is developing: Lots of solid, rigorous technical work.
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