Abstract. A widespread observation in molecular evolution is that X-linked genes evolve faster—and often adapt faster—than autosomal genes. Three main idea

Abstract. Balancing selection refers to scenarios where selection maintains genetic polymorphisms affecting fitness and its components. Empirical studies h

Abstract. Habitat loss contributes to extinction risk in multiple ways. Genetically, small populations can face an ‘extinction vortex’—a positive feedback

Abstract. Levels of additive genetic variation for fitness (${{V}_A}( w )$) and its components (e.g., viability, fertility) appear to be high in nature, su

Abstract. Hybridization between divergent populations places alleles in novel genomic contexts. This can inject adaptive variation – which is useful for br

Traits that affect organismal fitness are often highly genetically variable. This genetic variation is vital for populations to adapt to their environments, but it is also surprising given that natur...