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Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez

@eloplop.bsky.social
141 followers 210 following 27 posts

Pre-doctoral researcher @ Max Planck Institute for Human Development (Adaptive Rationality Center) — Berlin | knowledge representations, NLP, computational social sciences & policy

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Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez @eloplop.bsky.social · 09/02/2026
Extends our work on - hypercustomization (journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1...) - AI-mediated confirmation bias (nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1...)
nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com
NYAS Publications
Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) applications, such as ChatGPT, are transforming how individuals access health information, offering conversational and highly personalized interactions. Whi...
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Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez @eloplop.bsky.social · 09/02/2026
Research agenda: identify drivers, measure long-term drift, test boosting interventions that require minimal metacognitive effort.
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Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez @eloplop.bsky.social · 09/02/2026
Examples: "If decision has real-world impact, then consult an independent source" "If I notice feeling very confident or the response feels unusually smooth/persuasive [ask for strongest counterargument]"
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Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez @eloplop.bsky.social · 09/02/2026
Four metacognitive intervention points: interaction initiation & role gating, confidence & cue calibration, drift detection, action threshold & verification gating.
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Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez @eloplop.bsky.social · 09/02/2026
Consistent with boosting and self-nudging, the aim is to equip users with simple, reusable strategies, thereby supporting agency and resilience. These are recurring moments in human–AI interaction where such strategies can be applied—metacognitive intervention points
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Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez @eloplop.bsky.social · 09/02/2026
Entanglement and drift arise from the dynamics of sustained human–AI interaction and are not resolved by answer accuracy alone. Interventions should target metacognitive processes—how people judge their own understanding and decide whether to continue, verify, delegate, or act.
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Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez @eloplop.bsky.social · 09/02/2026
Why metacognition? As conversational agents provide cues (fluency, coherence, responsiveness) that people treat as informative, subjective confidence & action readiness increase without corresponding gains in epistemic reliability, making drift difficult to detect and correct.
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Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez @eloplop.bsky.social · 09/02/2026
Micro→ individual drift (professionals relying on fabricated outputs; vulnerable individuals in reassurance-seeking loops) Meso→ spreads through social circles, shifting epistemic baselines Macro→ normalized lower verification, risks to democracy & public health
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Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez @eloplop.bsky.social · 09/02/2026
1️⃣ Entanglement: reciprocal coupling where human & AI mutually influence each other 2️⃣ Cognitive-behavioral drift: gradual, unnoticed shifts in beliefs, confidence, verification behavior 3️⃣ Metacognition: awareness & regulation of these dynamics—monitor and control
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Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez @eloplop.bsky.social · 09/02/2026
LLM-based chatbots don't just retrieve info—they participate in extended, adaptive interaction, hypercustomizing responses & shaping how questions are framed, evidence interpreted, and when action feels warranted. We propose a framework:
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Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez @eloplop.bsky.social · 09/02/2026
🚨New preprint! 🚨 "Boosting metacognition in entangled human-AI interaction to navigate cognitive-behavioral drift" arxiv.org/pdf/2602.01959 Happy to see this new work coming to the surface alongside @cabels18.bsky.social @lorenzspreen.bsky.social @lewan.bsky.social and @stefanherzog.bsky.social 🧵
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Stephan Lewandowsky @lewan.uk · 17/11/2025
In light of the assault on American science by its own government that launched in January this year, we published the Anti-Autocracy Handbook in June to provide some guidance to scholars about how to respond to an emerging autocracy. The handbook is available at: sks.to/autocracy. 1/n 1/4
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Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez @eloplop.bsky.social · 28/07/2025
#AI #DigitalHealth #Misinformation #ConfirmationBias #ChatGPT
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Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez @eloplop.bsky.social · 28/07/2025
As GenAI becomes part of daily life, its influence on behavior and decision-making, especially in health, is critical. 🧠 Combating confirmation bias in this space requires: • Equipping users with critical AI literacy • Establishing strong oversight, regulation, and auditing
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Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez @eloplop.bsky.social · 28/07/2025
We also call for systemic solutions: 🔍 Public black-box testing 🧑‍⚕️ Reporting tools for physicians to flag GenAI-influenced patient behavior 📋 Regulatory oversight for general-purpose GenAI used in medical contexts
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Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez @eloplop.bsky.social · 28/07/2025
So what can we do? We propose: ✅ Boosting digital/AI literacy ✅ Training people to test multiple query framings ✅ Promoting “consider-the-opposite” thinking ✅ Designing GenAI apps to flag evidence-based but disconfirming info
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Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez @eloplop.bsky.social · 28/07/2025
🧠 GenAI doesn’t just answer; it engages in dialogue. This allows people to iteratively steer the conversation toward preferred narratives, reinforcing cognitive biases without necessarily realizing it
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Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez @eloplop.bsky.social · 28/07/2025
we showcase how small changes in system configuration (like creating a more empathetic chatbot) made GenAI more likely to mirror user bias, endorsing pseudoscientific treatments and downplaying evidence-based medicine
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Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez @eloplop.bsky.social · 28/07/2025
In traditional search (e.g., Google), these biases already existed. But GenAI takes it further through hypercustomization (journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/...), adapting to your wording, preferences, even emotional tone. This can lead to tailored responses that validate your views, accurate or not
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Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez @eloplop.bsky.social · 28/07/2025
We identify 3 key “pressure points” where GenAI can entangle with confirmation bias in health contexts: 1️⃣ How users phrase queries 2️⃣ Preference for belief-consistent answers 3️⃣ Resistance to belief-inconsistent info
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Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez @eloplop.bsky.social · 28/07/2025
Millions are turning to AI tools for medical queries. While GenAI offers easy access to personalized health information, that personalization can backfire, subtly reinforcing people’s pre-existing beliefs, even when they’re false or harmful
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Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez @eloplop.bsky.social · 28/07/2025
with our wonderful team @cabels18.bsky.social @stefanherzog.bsky.social @lewan.bsky.social @dlholf.bsky.social @mpib-berlin.bsky.social @arc-mpib.bsky.social @unipotsdam.bsky.social @bristoluni.bsky.social
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Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez @eloplop.bsky.social · 28/07/2025
New research out!🚨 In our new paper, we discuss how generative AI (GenAI) tools like ChatGPT can mediate confirmation bias in health information seeking. As people turn to these tools for health-related queries, new risks emerge. 🧵👇 nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/...
nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com
NYAS Publications
Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) applications, such as ChatGPT, are transforming how individuals access health information, offering conversational and highly personalized interactions. Whi...
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Reposted by Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez
The New York Times @nytimes.com · 27/07/2025
From @nytopinion.nytimes.com “There is no excuse for the world to stand by and watch two million human beings suffer on the brink of full-blown famine,” the chef José Andrés writes about Gaza.
nytimes.com
Opinion | José Andrés: People of Good Conscience Must Stop the Starvation in Gaza
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Iyad Rahwan | إياد رهوان @iyadrahwan.bsky.social · 15/07/2025
Great coverage by @sciam.bsky.social of our research on how ChatGPT is influencing the words we use in conversation! Work led by Hiromu Yakura & @levinbrinkmann.bsky.social www.scientificamerican.com/article/chat...
scientificamerican.com
ChatGPT Is Changing the Words We Use in Conversation
Words frequently used by ChatGPT, including “delve” and “meticulous,” are getting more common in spoken language, according to an analysis of more than 700,000 hours of videos and podcasts
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Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez @eloplop.bsky.social · 07/07/2025
New paper out! 📣 We explore GenAI’s hypercustomization capabilities, the behavioral and governance challenges they may introduce in the foreseeable future, and potential strategies to address them.
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Levin Brinkmann @levinbrinkmann.bsky.social · 21/06/2025
You sound like ChatGPT -- that is what The Verge said about our recent preprint on how ChatGPT is reshaping human spoken communication. Chatbots are becoming a cultural medium and agent of cultural homogenisation. Is this inevitable, or can model diversity help? www.theverge.com/openai/68674...
theverge.com
You sound like ChatGPT
AI isn’t just impacting how we write — it’s changing how we speak and interact with others. And there’s only more to come.
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Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez @eloplop.bsky.social · 19/06/2025
@arc-mpib.bsky.social @mpib-berlin.bsky.social @lorenzspreen.bsky.social @anaskozyreva.bsky.social
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Stephan Lewandowsky @lewan.uk · 19/06/2025
I am privileged to announce the publication of the Anti-Autocracy Handbook: sks.to/autocracy 1/12
sks.to
The Anti-Autocracy Handbook: A Scholars' Guide to Navigating Democratic Backsliding
The Anti-Autocracy Handbook is a call to action, resilience, and collective defence of democracy, truth, and academic freedom in the face of mounting authoritarianism. It tries to provide guidance to ...
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Stephan Lewandowsky @lewan.uk · 12/02/2025
Science is under a wide-ranging attack in the U.S. From arbitrary and catastrophic funding cuts to censorship based on keywords, scholarship is no longer free from government interference. How can scientists respond? 1/n
Bust of Andrey Sakharov
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Stephan Lewandowsky @lewan.uk · 06/02/2025
My latest column just appeared in Science, entitled "Free speech, fact-checking, and the right to accurate information”. (www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...) I use one of President Trump’s first executive orders to unpack the terrain between misinformation and claims to free speech 1/n
science.org
Free speech, fact checking, and the right to accurate information
True to his campaign promises, on 20 January 2025, US President Donald Trump signed a broad range of Executive Orders, the scope of which ranged from renaming the Gulf of Mexico to “Gulf of America” t...
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Center for Adaptive Rationality (MPIB, Berlin) @arc-mpib.bsky.social · 20/09/2024
🚨Press release🚨 How can LLMs help and hurt collective intelligence? Interdisciplinary team of 28 scientists led by our associate researcher @jasonburton.bsky.social proposes recommendations for action (Nature Human Behaviour) www.mpib-berlin.mpg.de/press-releas...
mpib-berlin.mpg.de
How can we make the best possible use of large language models for a smarter and more inclusive society?
Large language models (LLMs) have developed rapidly in recent years and are becoming an integral part of our everyday lives through applications like ChatGPT. An article recently published in Nature H...
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Center for Adaptive Rationality (MPIB, Berlin) @arc-mpib.bsky.social · 05/09/2024
🚨New paper by Dawn Holford et al., in collaboration with ARC's Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez @eloplop.bsky.social 🚨 This study reveals the psychological "attitude roots" behind negative vaccine views by analyzing 556 self-expressed reasons 👇Check it out for more details! www.nature.com/articles/s41...
nature.com
Identifying the underlying psychological constructs from self-expressed anti-vaccination argumentation - Humanities and Social Sciences Communications
Humanities and Social Sciences Communications - Identifying the underlying psychological constructs from self-expressed anti-vaccination argumentation
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Center for Adaptive Rationality (MPIB, Berlin) @arc-mpib.bsky.social · 05/09/2024
AI is even changing how we speak...? A recent study in collaboration with ARC's Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez @eloplop.bsky.social shows a significant rise in words associated with ChatGPT using 280,000+ YouTube videos. 👇Check out the preprint and explore the feedback loops between AI and human culture.
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Iyad Rahwan | إياد رهوان @iyadrahwan.bsky.social · 05/09/2024
🚨 preprint 🚨 Can ChatGPT influence the way we speak to each other? I.e. can they shape human culture? We transcribed and analyzed 300k YouTube videos to see if humans increased the use of words like 'delve' and 'adept,' which are known to be overused by ChatGPT. Paper: arxiv.org/abs/2409.01754
arxiv.org
Empirical evidence of Large Language Model's influence on...
Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents now interact with billions of humans in natural language, thanks to advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT. This raises the question of whether...
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Ullrich Ecker @ulliecker.bsky.social · 05/06/2024
Misinformation remains a threat to democracy. nature.com/articles/d41... @lewan.bsky.social @naomioreskes.bsky.social @profsanderlinden.bsky.social
nature.com
Misinformation poses a bigger threat to democracy than you might think
In today’s polarized political climate, researchers who combat mistruths have come under attack and been labelled as unelected arbiters of truth. But the fight against misinformation is valid, warrant...
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Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez @eloplop.bsky.social · 06/03/2024
Our first day of SciBeh 's Virtual Workshop 2024 on "Epistemic Boundaries" is almost over! Missed day 1? No worries! You can still join us for Day 2's insightful talks and discussions. Details and sign-up here: www.scibeh.org/events/works...
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Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez @eloplop.bsky.social · 01/02/2024
We’ll delve into how expertise can inform policymaking during crises, identify the conditions that limit the applicability of expertise, and examine scenarios where expertise in one area may overreach into other disciplines–a situation we call ‘epistemic trespassing’.
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Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez @eloplop.bsky.social · 01/02/2024
Interested in the boundaries of expertise? Join us at SciBeh on March 6 & 7, 2024 for an engaging virtual workshop. www.scibeh.org/events/works...
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