Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans...

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Shared trial-to-trial variability across sensory neurons is reliably reduced when perceptual performance improves, yet this variability is low dime...

Chang et al. overturn an 80-year-old assumption by showing that echolocating bats make robust eye movements. Bats generate strong visually driven optokinetic and otolith-mediated responses but exhibit...

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 44, November 2025. SignificanceCognitive biases, often seen as uniquely human flaws, may instead reflect fundamental decision-making strategies shared across species. By demonstrating that macaque monkeys and carrion crows exhibit human-like biases in numerical estimation—...

Non-symbolic numerical competence, supported by the approximate number system (ANS), is widespread across animals, yet it remains unclear whether simi…