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Chapps

@chapps.bsky.social
4.8K followers 383 following 7.7K posts

Former tech drone, living in L.A. I now create digital reconstructions of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. No, really. 🏳️‍🌈 Flickr account (museum photos, mainly, free to use and high res): www.flickr.com/photos/125386285@N02

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Chapps @chapps.bsky.social · 23/09/2026
I have long found fragments of ancient artifacts to be fascinating - like a piece of a missing jigsaw puzzle. Here we have a brilliantly colored fragment of a faience statuette of the goddess Venus, rising from the sea, wringing out her hair (Aphrodite-Venus Anadyomene). #MetMuseum 🏺 1/ 📸 me
The missing lower portion of this intensely blue-green faience statuette makes it difficult to determine if the woman depicted was clothed. However, her preserved left hand, which pulls back her hair, recalls the gesture of Venus after she emerged newly born from the sea - Aphrodite/Venus Anadyomene - the subject of a famous Greek sculptural type of the third to second century BCE. Some other faience statuettes of Venus Anadyomene still exist, such as the one at the Brooklyn Museum, in which the goddess is naked (she is always naked in this type of sculpture, as she's rising from the sea or her bath).

Roman, late 1st century BCE-early 1st century CE.

Height: 5 5/16 in. (13.4 cm)

Met Museum, New York (17.194.1662)
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Chapps @chapps.bsky.social · 22/09/2026
Museums always call mitrai 'belly guards' when in fact they suspend from a cuirass and protect a warrior's genitals and the vulnerable femoral arteries. This is the awful reality of warfare - a good stab to that area will cause a man to bleed out in a couple of minutes. 💀 😱 🏺 📸 Ancient Warfare Mag.
Image of a Greek warrior reenactor in full armor. Each piece has explanatory text about it in the margin. The mitra is part of two pieces suspended from the cuirass (breastplate), which protects the groin and the femoral arteries, along with thigh armor.

Ancient Warfare Magazine (no artist credit that I can see)
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Chapps @chapps.bsky.social · 22/09/2026
This morning it was announced that several pieces of 7th c. BCE Greek (Cretan) armor and other antiquities in the #MetMuseum were repatriated to Greece. Looted in the 1960s from Crete, this includes two helmets, and three mitrai (belly guards). A look at three items ... 🧵 🏺 1/ 📸 me
Bronze helmet with two winged youths on each side who flank and grasp a pair of entwined serpents. They are dressed in short kilts, wear winged sandals and have wings on their backs that appear to be attached with straps. Although some scholars have identified these figures as the legendary Cretan craftsman Daidalos and his son Icarus, they probably represent local daemonic beings. Below them are two panthers with a common head.

Inscription above the visor: 'Neopolis'.

Greek, Cretan, late 7th century BCE. From Afrati (or Aphrati, ancient Arkades), Crete.

Met Museum, New York (1989.281.50)One of two bronze Archaic Cretan helmets at the Met Museum, the finest pieces of a large cache of armor that came to light in southern central Crete, where they were undoubtedly made. It has a beautiful patina of bright greens and rich, deep orange-reds. The inscriptions suggest that the armor was captured as booty and offered as a dedication. This helmet depicts two long-legged horses worked in repoussé with incised details (one on each side). Small engraved lions appear on the cheekpieces. An inscription on the helmet states that “Synenitos the son of Euklotas [took this].”

Greek, Cretan, late 7th century BCE (Archaic). Said to be from Afrati, Crete.

Height: 9 5/8 in. (24.5 cm)

Met Museum, New York (1989.281.49)Bronze mitra (belly guard), shaped like a slightly long half-circle. Mitra were suspended from belts to protect the lower abdomen. This is one of three, and is decorated with two sphinxes facing one another, their heads turned towards the viewer. They were tall polos-style hats.

Met Museum, New York (1989.281.53). Deaccessioned for return to the Hellenic Republic in September 2026.
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Anthony Majanlahti @anthonymajanlahti.bsky.social · 18/09/2026
I am shamelessly returning to the #CittàDipinta (late C1 CE) in the Museo delle Terme di #Traiano for #FrescoFriday. This upper left detail is the urban centre of the idealised cityscape: walls for strength, an emporium for commerce, a temple for piety, and a theatre for art.
DETAIL OF THE CITTÀ DIPINTA, LATE C1 CE. MUSEO DELLE TERME DI TRAIANO

Rather than serving as a literal topographical map, this section of the fresco functions as an ideological checklist of Romanitas. The painter has condensed the essential elements of civilisation into a single, idealised bird's-eye view. Heavily engineered walls and a naval gate project military and infrastructural strength, while an emporium portico and an adjacent open-air theatre symbolise commerce and the arts. A gabled temple topped with a statue represents civic piety, and the surrounding residential blocks feature rooftop pavilions for the otium of the elite. The physical history of the fresco itself is visible at the bottom left, where the painted plaster curves over the edge of a structural brick arch. Originally a window or doorway in this Neronian- or Flavian-era pavilion (a dating supported by stylistic ties to the nearby Domus Aurea, including the exquisite sfumatura of the Egyptian blue pigment of the water), the void was pragmatically walled up when Trajan's architects entombed the entire structure in darkness to serve as foundational terracing for his imperial baths.
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Chapps @chapps.bsky.social · 18/09/2026
The original Mr. Peanut! 🥜 At first glance, this Moche ceramic stirrup-spout bottle looks like a figure wearing a hooded cloak. Amazing details and color. THEN you look at the back … he’s a peanut! Peanuts are native to South America and have been used in their cuisine for millennia. 🏺 1/ 📸 me
This bottle depicts a figure wrapped within a peanut shell reclining on its side. The vessel has a stirrup-spout handle, a common spout form used in the second half of the Moche period (ca. 500 – 850 CE). The body of the vessel, possibly produced using a mold, was decorated with pigmented slip applied before firing. The figure’s torso is exposed, revealing a sleeved tunic featuring a repeated motif and additional sleeve detailing. Only the person’s legs, hands, and face remain uncovered. The hand gesture of the thumb touching the index finger became more common in Moche pottery after 600 CE (Donnan and McClelland 1979, 63). A headstrap, worn just above the eyebrows, adorns the forehead, peeking out from beneath the tip of the peanut shell (for another example of this type of headstrap see MMA 67.167.21). The small bulge on the figure’s left cheek suggests the individual is chewing coca.

Met MuseumRear view of this stirrup-spout vessel (so named because the spout resembles a stirrup, with the rounded portion intersected with an upright spout) revealing that this is a peanut. Whether it’s supposed to be an anthropomorphic peanut or a man wearing a peanut shaped cloak is unknown. 

500-800 CE, Peru. Met Museum.
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James Wright @jpwarchaeology.bsky.social · 18/09/2026
C'mon Londoners, gimme a break here!? Tickets for London: www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/the-buildi... And, what the hell, tickets for Bodmin: www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/the-buildi...
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Chapps @chapps.bsky.social · 17/09/2026
A scene from The Iliad, famous in Greek and Roman art, here engraved onto a gold ring as an intaglio seal: the Trojan princess Kassandra clutching at the ancient wooden statue of the goddess Athena, as Troy falls. Ajax the Lesser would rip her away, defiling the statue and temple. 🏺 1/ 📸 me
This heavy gold ring is decorated with a depiction of Kassandra, King Priam's most beautiful daughter, before the Palladion, the cult statue of Athena in Troy. The reversed lettering of Kassandra's name indicates that the ring was intended to be used as a seal.

Greek, ca. 400–380 BCE. Met Museum, New York (53.11.2)
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Chapps @chapps.bsky.social · 17/09/2026
#Canada recently rolled back the old "first-generation limit" on citizenship by descent, which means people whose Canadian lineage goes back more than one generation born abroad may finally qualify. My great-grandfather came from Nova Scotia, so ... O Canada! 🇨🇦 🫎 🍁
AI image of a Canadian flag unfurling in a breeze, backlit by a golden sunrise over the Canadian rockies.
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Smarthistory: the Center for Public Art History @smarthistory.bsky.social · 15/09/2026
Too cute! The charming forms in gold-silver alloy date to the 15-16th centuries. These examples that survived the Spanish metal meltdown are one section of our introduction to the Inka (Inca) on Smarthistory. Come for the cute camelid; stay for the quipu smarthistory.org/inka-intro2/
Left: Female figurine, 1400–1533, Inka, silver-gold alloy, 14.9 x 3.5 cm (The Metropolitan Museum of Art); right: Camelid figurine, 1400-1533, Inka, alloys of silver, gold and copper, 5.1 cm high (The Metropolitan Museum of Art)
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Chapps @chapps.bsky.social · 16/09/2026
Oddly, they don’t include photos of the cat and dog. Here’s ΖΜΑΡΑΓΔΙΝ (Zmaragdin, ‘Emerald’) the cat (who is appropriately on its own luxe pillow), and a leaping ΩΚΕΑΝΟΣ (Okeanos, ‘Ocean’) the dog. 📸 Anatolian Archaeology
From a large floor mosaic which depicts a grid of panels, each with its own image against a black background, dividing by strands of guilloche. This one depicts a white cat on a pillow, its name in Greek above, translating to ‘Emerald’.From a large floor mosaic which depicts a grid of panels, each with its own image against a black background, dividing by strands of guilloche. This one depicts a leaping white dog (obviously a male), with its name, Oceanos (‘Ocean’) above.
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Chapps @chapps.bsky.social · 16/09/2026
Well, it looks like I'm going on a last minute trip to London and Malaga, Spain. Five days in each location (25-30 Sept., 30 Sept.-4 Oct.). The *really* sad part is that I've always wanted to see the Alhambra, but it's sold out until November! 😭 Does anyone know if special tours can get in?
Photo shows the Court of the Myrtles (Patio de los Arrayanes), the central courtyard of the Comares Palace located within the historic Alhambra complex in Granada, Spain. A medieval Moorish brick palace looms over the long water feature and fountain. 

Image courtesy of thenotsoinnocentsabroad.com
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Chapps @chapps.bsky.social · 16/09/2026
We frequently speak of the world's first synthetic pigment, Egyptian blue, but a very similar all-natural and highly durable blue pigment was being utilized by the Maya in Mexico: Maya blue. Here used appropriately on a ceramic crocodile whistle with rattle. #MetMuseum🏺 1/ 📸 me
This zoomorphic ceramic figure has been hand-modeled into the form of a crocodile. It functions as both a whistle—air holes appear in front of the animal's rear legs on its underside, and an air vent is found underneath its neck—and a rattle—clay pellets are inside the front half of the figure.

The crocodile has raised eyelids projecting from atop its long, upturned snout with round nostrils and three triangular teeth projecting horizontally from each side of his mouth. Flopped and flaring dog-like ears project from back sides of the head behind the eyes. Its short, squat legs splay out from the underside of the body. On the two forelegs, toes have been delineated through notched and incised detail. The long, flat, wide tail features triangular notches replicating the zigzag pattern of a crocodilian tail.

Painted all over - saved some patchy spots - with a still incredibly vibrant Maya blue pigment, which is a bright turquoise hue.

700-800 CE, Mexico.

Met Museum, New York (1979.206.1143)
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Chapps @chapps.bsky.social · 14/09/2026
This beautifully detailed silver and gilt pyxis (lidded box) was probably made in a Greek workshop in Apulia, eventually deposited in an #Etruscan tomb. How do we know? It’s inscribed with the Etruscan word ‘śuthina’ (‘for the tomb’), marking it as the property of the deceased. 🏺 1/ 📸 me
Silver and gilt pyxis (box with lid), part of a group of three items known as the Bolsena silver. The bands of ornament on the box and alternate leaves on the pointed lid have gilding. The inscription written on the side of the cylindrical box in Etruscan must have been added subsequently. It reads śuthina, meaning "of [for] the tomb" suggesting that the objects were acquired by an Etruscan and buried with him.

The pyxis itself was originally manufactured as a luxury item in Apulia (southern Italy), likely in a Greek workshop. Marking an item as śuthina served a religious function in Etruscan burial practices. It legally and spiritually designated the luxury object as property of the deceased and the underworld deities. Once marked "for the tomb," the item was consecrated and could never be reused or stolen for the world of the living.

Height: with cover 3 5/16 in. (8.4 cm)

Apulian, possibly Tarentine, early 3rd c. BCE, Met Museum (03.24.6)
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Chapps @chapps.bsky.social · 07/09/2026
Entertaining guesses as to where I'm at this week. 🤔
Medieval cloister, with arches and double marble columns surrounding a wild garden. In the center of the garden is a carved stone fountain and cross.Exterior of the medieval abbey, constructed of a light stone. The rear of the chapel can be seen, with pointed gothic windows and stained glass, along with thick buttresses and a tower. The garden outside is filled with fruiting apple and citrus trees. and lots of herbs and berries.
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Dr. Stephanie @punkrockscience.bsky.social · 29/08/2026
How does Roman glass get those iridescent flakes? Nanolamellae. Basically, as the glass ages in alternatingly damp and dry soil, the silica in it precipitates out, then re-deposits in incredibly thin layers, which act as photonic crystal “mirrors” and result in the incredible colors.
pnas.org
Photonic crystals built by time in ancient Roman glass | PNAS
Ancient glass objects typically show distinctive effects of deterioration as a result of environmentally induced physicochemical transformations of...
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Nina Willburger @drnwillburger.bsky.social · 29/08/2026
For #RomanSiteSaturday let's go to a huge pile of #trash - Monte Testaccio in #Rome. A huge artificial hill located next to the Tiber River. It was made up of millions of broken amphorae (mostly oil amphorae from southern Spain) during the first three centuries AD www.elnacional.cat/es/cultura/r...
A vast accumulation of broken amphorae pieces, stacked in a cascading formation. The scene has an earthy color palette, with shades of brown, beige, and gray. Light filters in from above, illuminating the top of the pile, while the lower sections remain in shadow.
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Chapps @chapps.bsky.social · 29/08/2026
This thread encapsulates my feelings about the new David Geffen Galleries at #LACMA. I tried to be positive, and now know the right times to go for defeating the glare from the windows, but the heart here is rotten. No information about the artifacts, nothing about the cultures. Just a blank.
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Art Viewer @arthistory.bsky.social · 18/08/2026
Damn. The regional museums of Italy contain treasures and need better support. I loved seeing these paintings in Sicily. I hope they return safely.
hyperallergic.com
Priceless Renaissance Paintings Stolen From Italian Museum
Authorities say thieves made off with four artworks by Sicilian master Antonello da Messina in under five minutes.
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The Partial Historians 🏺 @partialhistorians.bsky.social · 26/08/2026
Just some amazing interviews to share! Out now on early release over on our Patreon is our interview with Laura Jenkinson-Brown about her amazing book 'You Are Odysseus'.
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Chapps @chapps.bsky.social · 26/08/2026
I hate 2026. 😞 #RIP Tim Curry. apple.news/Ae3fPvgsxRPW...
apple.news
Tim Curry, star of ‘Rocky Horror Picture Show’ and ‘It,’ dies at 80 — NBC News
The English actor cemented himself as a fan favorite for his portrayal of Dr. Frank-N-Furter in 1975’s “Rocky Horror Picture Show,” but also had a host of iconic screen performances to his name.
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Chapps @chapps.bsky.social · 25/08/2026
Nooooooo! Not Dolly! 😭 apple.news/AgNgMFaLGS16...
apple.news
Dolly Parton, Queen of Country Music, Dies at 80 — Variety
Singer-songwriter-actress Dolly Parton, whose glittering country music stardom was matched by her pop fame and popular parallel careers in film and TV, died on Aug. 25. She was 80 years old, with her ...
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The Partial Historians 🏺 @partialhistorians.bsky.social · 24/08/2026
Here’s the Corinthian hero Bellerophon riding Pegasus while slaying the Chimera. The Chimera was a monstrous fire-breathing creature from Lycia. It was often depicted as a lion with a goat's head protruding from its back and a tail ending with a snake's head. #MosaicMonday #AncientBluesky🏺
Description from Wikipedia: “The Bellerophon Mosaic is a 2nd century AD ancient Roman mosaic, discovered at Autun in 1830 and now in the musée Rolin. It shows Bellerophon mounted on Pegasus killing the Chimera.”
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Nina Willburger @drnwillburger.bsky.social · 20/08/2026
A Sphinx (height 4.8 cm) carved from #ivory and with face made of amber. Found in the Grafenbühl burial near Asperg, a rich burial mound from the late Hallstadt period, dating ca. 500 BC. The Sphinx is a product of a #Greek workshop in Italy (Taranto?). It was used as an applique and ...🧵1/2
A small, weathered ivory sculpture with a human head and long hair and a lion’s body, shown against a black background. The face is made of amber.
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BOUDICCA @bou-dicca.bsky.social · 21/08/2026
Goosebumps!! 🤩🤩 m.youtube.com/watch?v=1IlZ...
m.youtube.com
Cornu de Pompeii
YouTube video by Abraham Cupeiro
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Lindsay Powell FRHistS @lindsaypowell.bsky.social · 22/08/2026
'Marcus Agrippa: The True Story' is now available as an immersive, dramatized audiobook adaptation from Spotify! Read by the author, @lindsaypowell.bsky.social. #Agrippa soundcloud.com/lindsay-powe...
soundcloud.com
Marcus Agrippa — The True Story (Prologue)
A sample from the audiobook Marcus Agrippa: The True Story. The full audiobook is available on all major streaming platforms. More info at lindsay-powell.com/agrippa
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Alison Fisk @alisonfisk.bsky.social · 21/08/2026
Available in a range of colours! These white, aubergine, and yellow birdies are on display at Heraklion Archaeological Museum
My photo shows three Roman bird-shaped perfume bottles; one each in white, purple, and yellow glass. On display at Heraklion Archaeological Museum, Crete
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Carausius @carausius286.bsky.social · 22/08/2026
This bronze statuette shows a hoplomachus gladiator in armed to resemble a Greek hoplite. The hoplomachus wore a bronze helmet, a manica (armguard), loincloth (subligaculum), heavy padding on his legs, & a pair of high greaves reaching to mid-thigh. 🕰️C2ndAD 🏛️📷 Neues Museum, Berlin.
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Anthony Majanlahti @anthonymajanlahti.bsky.social · 22/08/2026
Early Christian art did not emerge in a vacuum. For #SarcophagusSaturday, this piece from the Catacombs of #Praetextatus shows how C4 #Christian sarcophagi shared classical traditions and workshops with non-Christian ones. Just look at the heroic Daniel, a veritable Hercules. #AncientBluesky 🏺🧵
FRONT OF A DOUBLE-REGISTER CHRISTIAN SARCOPHAGUS, 300-325 CE. VATICAN MUSEUMS

This marble sarcophagus front from the Catacombs of Praetextatus features two horizontal registers crowded with biblical figures in deep relief. At the centre of the upper register, a large scalloped clipeus encloses the portrait busts of a deceased husband and wife. Directly below the clipeus in the lower register stands a classically modelled, heroically nude figure of Daniel flanked by lions. The surrounding scenes depict various miracles and biblical stories, including Jesus' entry into Jerusalem and the multiplication of the loaves and fishes. The classical rendering of Daniel and the deep undercutting demonstrate how early Christian sarcophagi maintained the aesthetic traditions and workshop techniques of classical Roman art.
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Chapps @chapps.bsky.social · 22/08/2026
I was surprised to come across this (Graeco-)Romano-Egyptian tempera mummy portrait at #LACMA recently. The portrait depicts a young man with dark curly hair, a goatee, and large brown eyes. His white tunic is edged in red and decorated with dark pink clavi (vertical stripes). 🏺 1/ 📸 me
The tradition of painted naturalistic portraits of deceased elite individuals developed in the first to third centuries CE of the Roman Period in the Faiyum area of Egypt. Portraits on wood panels were placed over the heads of mummified bodies and anchored with linen wrappings or layers of plaster cartonnage. The Austrian archaeologist and dealer Theodor Graf uncovered several hundred portraits in the er-Rubayat cemetery in 1887. Graf’s inventory stamp on the back of the LACMA panel, as well as the stylistic similarities between this panel and others from the area, indicate that it was part of this group.

A young, curly-haired, bearded youth is shown frontally, his body turned slightly to the left. He wears a white tunic with decorative vertical pink stripes (clavi) and a white mantle over his left shoulder. As seen in other portraits, a dotted line indicates the tunic’s seam on his right shoulder. The gray background is also similar to many of the portraits believed to have originated in the Faiyum area. The portrait has been substantially cleaned, as an early photograph reveals a thin layer of a black substance, possibly a resinous burial material, covering the upper portion of the panel down to the sitter’s mouth.

Romano-Egyptian, probably from Faiyum, Egypt, late 3rd-4th c. CE. Tempera on wood.

12 × 6 × 1/4 in. (30.48 × 15.24 × 0.64 cm)

LACMA, Geffen Gallieries (Los Angeles County Museum of Art, M.71.73.62)
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Chapps @chapps.bsky.social · 20/08/2026
I missed Augustus’ birthday! He died on the 19th of August, 14 CE, in Nola, Italy. Ironically in the month named after him (by Senate decree in 8 BCE). Here he’s portrayed in his role as Pontifex Maximus, Rome’s high priest. Piety as political propaganda.🏺 #ancientbluesky Palazzo Massimo. 📸 me
Closeup of the Via Labicana Augustus, which depicts the emperor with his head covered, and represented formally dressed in a toga. Near his feet, shoed with the calcei patricii, is the capsa, a container for official documents. The position of the right forearm suggests that the princeps is in the act of performing a sacrifice, holding a sacrificial cup (patera) to pour a libation (not seen in this closeup).

The emperor is in the guise of Pontifex Maximus, an office that he assumed in 12 BCE and that remained an imperial prerogative until the 4th century CE as a sacred sanction to imperial power. The office was part of the new political and religious program promoted by Augustus, who also introduced the cult of the Genius Augusti. The emperor was keen to emphasize the value and significance of the ‘mores maiorum’, which were the basis for his political legitimacy: he is thus represented performing his official religious duties wearing the toga, the traditional garment of the Roman gentleman (cives romanus).

The head, worked as a separate piece, is inserted on the torso and shows realistic features that are somewhat imbued with stylistic elements of Hellenisite portraiture. You can still see visible remains of pigments on the hair, and on the ground.

The statue, generally considered a work of the late Augustan period, should probably be dated to the last decade of the 1st century BCE.

It was found on slopes of the Oppian Hill, in the Via Labicana, in 1910.

Museo Archeologico Romano, Palazzo Massimo alle Terme, RomeCloseup of the veiled head and upper torso of the Via Labicana Augustus statue. Some pigments are still visible to the naked eye - red in his hair, the shadow of dark irises, and quite a bit of red on the ground.
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The Fake History Hunter @fakehistoryhunter.net · 20/08/2026
I've updated my list of some of my favourite threads, reviews of games, books, films, tv shows, etc. You can check the list out here: fakehistoryhunter.net/2022/11/14/m... Or here: fakehistoryhunter.substack.com/p/reviews-an...
fakehistoryhunter.net
Reviews & recommended threads
Now and then I review a film or TV show, play a computer game or book I’ve read and share my opinions on social media.Of course from the perspective of a history addict obsessed with details …
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Chapps @chapps.bsky.social · 20/08/2026
This very large bronze eagle once proclaimed the might of Rome, possibly from atop a column. It once probably clenched a gilded orb or thunderbolt in its outstretched left talon. The feathers are exceptionally detailed. 🏺 1/ 100-200 CE. #GettyVilla 📸 me
Large bronze statue of an eagle, with wings partially open, and head turned to the viewer's left. The eagle's left leg is raised, probably to hold a globe or thunderbolt. The feathers are carefully delineated with incisions, and take different shapes and forms on the body, head, leg and wings.

Cast in several parts (head and neck; wings made separately and inserted; end of wings made separately and inserted; body; end of tail (now missing). The eagle is far too large to have been an attribute, and it has been suggested that it stood on a column.

The end of the tail and the right foot are missing. The tip of the left wing is completely restored.

Roman, ca. 100-200 CE. Bronze.

104.2 × 78.7 × 76.2 cm (41 × 31 × 30 in.)

Getty Villa Museum, Malibu, California (72.AB.151)Close-up of the bronze eagle, once a shining golden color, catching the rays of the sun. See the ALT text for the other photo.
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Chapps @chapps.bsky.social · 20/08/2026
How to hypnotize a dog: step 1. That’s it. 🥓 📸 me
Photo of my black and white short-haired Staffie mix dog looking up at the bacon on my plate. Incredible concentration.
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Chapps @chapps.bsky.social · 19/08/2026
A stunning solid gold rhyton (drinking horn) in the shape of a stag's head. The relief frieze depicts Theseus subduing the bull of Marathon, seen here, and Herakles' capture of the Keryneian Hind. Part of the Panagyurishte Treasure, a Thracian ceremonial drinking set of gold vessels. 🏺 1/ 📸 me
Part of the Panagyurishte Treasure, a set of nine vessels made of gold, unearthed in 1949 in the southern outskirts of the town of Panagyurishte, in southern Bulgaria. The treasure consists of an amphora-rhyton, two rhyta with stags' heads (this is one), one rhyton with a ram's head, one rhyton with a goat protome, three jug-rhyta shaped as female heads, and a phiale. There are traces of niello in the horns of the animals and other details. 

The relief frieze on this rhyton depicts two antithetical scenes: seen here is the left scene, depicting Theseus subduing the bull of Marathon. The right scene (not seen here) depicts Herakles' third Labor, the capture of the Keryneian Hind. The presentation of both these heroes together, with clear reference to the legendary history of Athens and Greece, suggests a connection to the great victory over the Persians at Marathon (490 BCE). 

Made either by Greek or Greek-trained artisans who were explicitly commissioned by a Thracian ruler. Dated late 4th-early 3rd century BCE.

Plovdiv, Regional Archaeological Museum, Bulgaria (inv. 3198)
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Nina Willburger @drnwillburger.bsky.social · 19/08/2026
Splendour from the Black Sea! This Hellenistic diadem transforms gold and gemstones into a miniature mythological scene: a Heracles knot at its centre, surmounted by Nike, the winged goddess of victory, and framed by sea monsters. Dating 250–150 BC, made from... 🧵1/2 📷 me 🏺 #archaeology
A gold diadem in a museum display: A knot forms the central motif, made of a translucent red stone and gold. Above it rises the goddess of victory Nike, flanked by two sea monsters. Two rigid gold bands are attached at the sides over hinges. Tassel-shaped pendants hang down from the diadem.
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Bart van Zwieten @bvzw.bsky.social · 17/08/2026
Maya figurine from El Perú-Waka', Guatemala, depicting the dead king with the deer. The deer is a protective, healing spirit companion. It wears a pendant incised with the Ik' glyph - symbolizing wind and breath - to guide and revitalize the deceased ruler. 600–650 CE.
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Chapps @chapps.bsky.social · 18/08/2026
This #Etruscan bowl depicts a naked youth and his dog. The seated youth holds two spears and looks pensive, perhaps after an unsuccessful hunt? A wonderful example of the ‘sovradipinto’ (overpainting) technique, which produces shading, highlights, and foreshortening. #BritishMuseum 🏺 📸 me
Black pottery bowl with designs in red on black ground, the highlights picked out with white, the shadows rendered by hatched red lines; carefully executed, in the style of a fresco-painting.

In a medallion, with border of arabesques, a youthful figure, perhaps Ganymede, seated on a rock to right, looking up to left, with drapery under him, and two spears in his right hand; he bends forward with his left elbow on his knee, resting his head on his left hand, his right arm on his right knee, with legs crossed. Behind him is a hound to left, looking up to right, wearing a collar.

Perhaps painted by a Greek from southern Italy, who was inspired by Greek wall-painting. The technique of decoration (sovradipinto, 'overpainted') includes shading, highlights and foreshortening of the figure.

Etruscan, made in Etruria, Italy, ca. 300-280 BCE

British Museum (1855,0306.16)
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Chapps @chapps.bsky.social · 18/08/2026
It’s important to note the use of #polychromy on a bronze statue. We have ancient written works that refer to this practice; and although the lips would have been inlaid with copper to produce a natural red color, other parts could be painted. Or the bronze treated in different ways. 🏺
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The Partial Historians 🏺 @partialhistorians.bsky.social · 13/08/2026
✨Interview with Dr Emma Southon✨ We sat down with Dr Emma Southon to learn more about slavery in the ancient Roman world. It was more complex and more horrifying than you may imagine.
Book cover for ‘Servus: How Slavery Made the Roman Empire’ with a fresco image of a young woman wearing a wreath and carrying a platter against a red background.
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Anthony Majanlahti @anthonymajanlahti.bsky.social · 15/08/2026
Master and Commander. For #SarcophagusSaturday, tracing #Roman power to #Etruscan roots. Authority was codified in #Etruria even before the Republic. This #Cerveteri #sarcophagus shows a magistrate's procession: chariots, musicians, mantles, and the lituus. #AncientBluesky 🏺 🧵
SARCOPHAGUS OF A MAGISTRATE, 375-350 BCE. MUSEO GREGORIANO ETRUSCO

An Etruscan sarcophagus from Cerveteri, carved from imported Circeo marble for added prestige, and retaining traces of brilliant red pigment. The lid features the recumbent effigy of a bearded male magistrate resting on a carved cushion, his left hand holding a patera upon his stomach. The chest panel is decorated with a bas-relief frieze depicting a formal procession. From the left, an attendant guides a horse-drawn chariot, the visual ancestor of the Roman triumph. This is followed by a procession of figures wrapped in heavy ceremonial mantles called tebennas, the direct precursor to the Roman toga. These include musicians playing a double flute and a lyre, later essential for Roman state sacrifices, and civic officials carrying symbols of authority like the curved staff known as a lituus. This iconography forms the direct visual vocabulary of power that the Romans adopted for their own civic magistracies.
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Alison Fisk @alisonfisk.bsky.social · 17/08/2026
An enchanting Minoan jug made by a master potter some 3,500 years ago! Marine style decoration brings an underwater world to life with Nautili swimming among rocks, coral, and seaweed 🐚 🌊 🪸 The relief seashells add another dimension to the design! Heraklion Archaeological Museum📷 me #Archaeology
My photo shows a Minoan clay jug known as the Poros Ewer. The jug has a round body which tapers down to a slender circular foot. It has a single curved handle ornamented with applied relief seashells along the handle length. The neck has a trefoil (three-lobed) mouth. The jug has a yellow slip background with black hand-painted decoration which is an exquisite example of the mature Minoan ‘Marine Style’. The body is covered with dense painted and relief decoration depicting an underwater seascape. The main decorative theme is the floating nautilus (cephalopod with a smooth coiled spiral shell from which many curled tentacles protrude). Fifteen nautiluses are depicted around the body of the jug. They swim singly or in pairs in a seascape indicated by seaweed, coral, sea urchins, and three-lobed rocks in relief (meaning the rocks are raised from the surface of the vessel). In the background a scale-like pattern suggests ripples on the sun-dappled sea floor. 
Mended and restored. Maximum height: 26.2 cm. Rim diameter 11.6 cm. The jug was excavated in 1986 in the Neopalatial cemetery of rock-cut cave tombs excavated south of the port settlement at Poros, a suburb of modern-day Heraklion. Dated 1500-1450 BC. On display at Heraklion Archaeological Museum, Crete.
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Professor Nutella @jpnudell.bsky.social · 14/08/2026
“We don’t do this because it’s be easy. We do this because the Roman crimes in Sicily can never be forgiven.” This project has been amazing to watch and I think this is my favorite installment to date.
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Chapps @chapps.bsky.social · 16/08/2026
You will rarely see such a beautiful coin anywhere in the annals of history. No larger than a fingernail, this electrum stater from Lampsakos (Greek polis on the eastern shore of the Hellespont) depicts Pegasos, with curved antique-style wings. 🏺 1/ 520-480 BCE. #GettyVilla 📸 me
This incredibly detailed electrum stater from Lampsakos depicting Pegasos (with antique-style curved wings - upper body only, no rear) is no bigger than a pinkie fingernail. It boggles the mind, thinking of how an artist engraved such a tiny coin stamp with so many details. Lampsakos was an ancient Greek city located in modern day Turkey, strategically situated on the eastern side of the Hellespont in the northern Troad. An inhabitant of Lampsakos was called a Lampsacene.

Minted ca. 520-480 BCE.

On loan to the Getty Villa from the American Numismatic Society (1967.152.411)
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Chapps @chapps.bsky.social · 12/08/2026
Sometimes you just have to hold hands and take a spin on a pottery wheel. 🏺 Greek pelike (storage jar) with two satyrs, from Athens, 430 BCE. Found in a tomb at Nola, Italy. #BritishMuseum #ancientbluesky 📸 me
Red-figured pelike (like a squat amphora with a flat base, a small storage-jar): two satyrs (companions of the wine-god Dionysos) use a potter's wheel as a merry-go-round.

Greek, made in Athens about 430 BCE (attributed to the Washing Painter) Found in a tomb at Nola, central Italy.

British Museum, London (1836,0224.52)
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Anthony Majanlahti @anthonymajanlahti.bsky.social · 11/08/2026
For #EpigraphyTuesday, a slab from #Caere honoring Diva Drusilla. Caligula's name was erased in 41 CE. The damnatio memoriæ gap looks oddly narrow, an optical illusion of the flat basin. Look closely to spot the surviving epigraphic "ghosts" of a G and an S! #AncientBluesky 🏺
INSCRIPTION TO DIVA DRUSILLA, 38-41 CE. VATICAN MUSEUMS

This Latin text is carved beautifully and highlighted with red paint. The top reads "PATRI PATRIAE / SENATVS POPVLVSQ CAERES", a dedication to the Father of the Fatherland, probably Augustus, from the local Senate and people of Caere, once a great Etruscan city. The bottom reads "DIVAE DRVSILLAE SORORI", followed by a chiselled-out shallow rectangular basin where a name has been erased, ending with "AVGVSTI / GERMANICI". The intact text honors the deified Drusilla. The erased basin must have contained the words GAII CÆSARIS, Gaius Cæsar, the official name of Caligula, the memory of whom was erased when his successor, his uncle Claudius, decreed a damnatio memoriæ for him. Here the erasure creates the visual illusion of being vertically too narrow. Faint, surviving "ghost" bumps of a G and an S are just visible at the extreme left and right edges of the erasure. Few inscriptions survive to the deified Drusilla, Caligula's beloved sister and the first woman to be deified by the Senate. Claudius didn't take action to remove her, but quietly left her cult to fade away.
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Chapps @chapps.bsky.social · 11/08/2026
The Castellani family in Italy specialized in creating exact reproductions of ancient Greek and Roman jewelry. Below, two gold nereid-hippocamp pendants and a matching necklace strung with 'acorns'. All three pieces were created in 1864-76. 🏺 1/ V&A Museum, London. 📸 me
At top, two identical gold pendants, each with a large round plate depicting a nereid riding a hippocampus, in repoussé; a net of gold chains and pendant 'acorns' with filigree are attached at bottom. The matching necklace has rows of pendant acorns of varying sizes hung from delicate gold chains.
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Chapps @chapps.bsky.social · 09/08/2026
I worked with Lucille Ball once, just long enough to deliver a script to her house in Beverly Hills (with a giant ‘M’ on the welcome mat, for her husband, Gary Morton - sheesh!) and have her question me about all of the changes. She was the best. And, of course, the godmother of #StarTrek. 🖖
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Nina Willburger @drnwillburger.bsky.social · 06/08/2026
New discovery! A marble statue group depicting the ancient Greek god of medicine Asclepius and his son Telesphoros has been unearthed at the ancient city of Aspendos, Türkiye. The 2.20-meter-tall sculpture dates back to the late 2nd century AD. 👉 www.dailysabah.com/arts/1800-ye... 🏺 #archaeology
Upper part of a marble statue depicting a bearded man with curly hair and draped clothing, shown against a black backgroundClose-up of a marble sculpture of a bearded male face, with a gloved hand using a small brush to clean the surface.
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Chapps @chapps.bsky.social · 08/08/2026
One of the more dramatic events in The #Odyssey occurs in the cave of the cyclops, Polyphemus, son of the god Poseidon. Everybody behaves badly and Polyphemus eats a few of the interlopers. Odysseus gets the cyclops drunk, heats a big stake, and … 🍢 👁️ 😱 Etruscan hydria, Caere, 530-520 BCE.🏺 1/ 📸 me
Etruscan black-figure terracotta hydria (two-handled water jug) depicting Odysseus and his men shoving a heated stake into the eye of the cyclops Polyphemus, who sits on the ground, drunk. The scene is in a band around the middle of this roughly amphora-shaped vessel, with an ivy leaf and berry motif above, and a palmette and lotus blossom motif below.

National Etruscan Museum of Villa Giulia (ETRU), Rome
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Chapps @chapps.bsky.social · 06/08/2026
Another fantastic excavation photo, probably the greatest one of all. 🏺 #ancientbluesky 📸 left, me; right, Rodolfo Lanciani
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