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Alan Liu

@alanyliu.bsky.social
3K followers 402 following 465 posts

I'm a professor in digital humanities & English at UC Santa Barbara. For public humanities, I founded 4Humanities.org & co-founded center-humanities-communication.org. My website: liu.english.ucsb.edu

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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 30/09/2026
I’m experimenting with creating trancripts of AI research jobs (documentation, diagrams, session/step logs, human- vs. machine-time, token usage) for transparency & reproducibility.
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Ted Underwood @tedunderwood.com · 22/09/2026
Paper: arxiv.org/abs/2609.23178 Code: github.com/Historical-A... Team: Ted Underwood, Ziliang Qiu, Laura K. Nelson @lauraknelson.bsky.social, Sarah Griebel @sgriebel.bsky.social, Edwin Roland @teddyroland.bsky.social, Wenyi Shang @wenyishang.bsky.social , Matthew Wilkens @mattwilkens.bsky.social.
arxiv.org
Chronologic: Measuring Language Models' Ability to Represent the Past
Language models are appealing tools for research on the past. But to trust the evidence a model provides, researchers need to know whether its responses fit the period represented. Validation is chall...
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 22/09/2026
The changes in the latest update to Zotero (Zotero 10) are really enhancing my productivity. I’m especially impressed by the new advanced search, the ability to view/search multiple collections & libraries simultaneously, and batch-editing. (Info on Zotero 10: www.zotero.org/blog/zotero-...)
zotero.org
Zotero Blog » Blog Archive » Zotero 10
Zotero is a free, easy-to-use tool to help you collect, organize, cite, and share research.
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Jessica Hullman @jessicahullman.bsky.social · 10/03/2026
A few people have asked for the syllabus from my grad seminar on Generative AI for social science -- just posted it here: statmodeling.stat.columbia.edu/2026/03/10/n...
statmodeling.stat.columbia.edu
New course on generative AI for behavioral science | Statistical Modeling, Causal Inference, and Social Science
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Jeff Tharsen 康森傑 @tharsen.bsky.social · 17/09/2026
I'm giving a talk on how regular folks can do some of this next Monday, based around what we found in terms of best practices for developing agentic frameworks over the past 2 years. www.infrastructurelives.eu/events/21-09...
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 16/09/2026
I’ve recently been using gen-AI extensively for both humanities research tasks and for coding interactive interfaces reporting on various digital-humanities data models. /1
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Rob Townsend @rbtownsend.bsky.social · 16/09/2026
"Townsend said colleges and universities could address those concerns by making the skills students develop through humanities courses more explicit, including research, writing, and communication skills." bit.ly/4h7xZDg
bit.ly
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 16/07/2026
#1) All parts of @adjb.co’s six-part series introducing the digital humanities are now up on his blog: www.adamdjbrett.com/blog/ I’m impressed by the quality and usefulness of this series, particularly by … (go to #2 in thread)
Screenshot of a webpage section titled "In This Series #" listing the titles of six blog posts at https://www.adamdjbrett.com/blog/. 

Transcription of the post titles:

Digital Humanities Part 1: What Are the Digital Humanities?

Digital Humanities Part 2: Digital Humanities Tools for Dissertations

Digital Humanities Part 3: Digital Humanities for Theology and Religious Studies

Digital Humanities Part 4: Why We Need the Digital Humanities

Digital Humanities Part 5: Preserving Digital Humanities Projects

Digital Humanities Part 6: Preservation through Minimal Computing and GO::DH
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 15/07/2026
Just published open-access: @sarahciston.com et al., *Inventing ELIZA: How the First Chatbot Shaped the Future of AI* direct.mit.edu/books/oa-mon.... @berrydm.bsky.social
direct.mit.edu
Inventing ELIZA: How the First Chatbot Shaped the Future of AI
How the original ELIZA chatbot transformed ideas about AI and society’s response to them.As we reach the 60th anniversary of ELIZA’s public debut, Inventin
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 15/07/2026
Just out: part 1 of @adjb.co’s six-part blog series introducing & explaining the digital humanities, www.adamdjbrett.com/blog/dh-part.... Part 1 is quite good. I would assign it in an Intro to DH course.
adamdjbrett.com
Digital Humanities Part 1: What Are the Digital Humanities?
What the digital humanities are, where they came from, and why the definition debates still matter, from Father Busa's punched cards to Zotero and beyond.
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 07/07/2026
I posted on arXiv.org the preprint of my “AI Virtue: What Is ‘Good’ Knowledge in the Age of Artificial Intelligence?” arxiv.org/abs/2607.01776, which is forthcoming in a double special issue of “MFS Modern Fiction Studies on “Cultural AI” in 2027.
Screenshot of preprint abstract:

"In the age of AI, what will be good knowledge? This article, which is accepted and forthcoming in a special issue of Modern Fiction Studies on "Cultural AI" in 2027, applies digital humanities methods to map epistemic virtues (like "true," "accurate," "creative") used in a corpus of 553 journal articles on AI published in 2024. "Creativity" comes in for special attention as an example. Exploring this discourse of value, the article considers how a framework might be developed for evaluating the knowledge-worth of AI -- one less locked into values formed around pre-AI "knowledge work" agents or structures, and more open to the future values of "generativity." The essay is supported by an online digital kit for exploring data models of the corpus of articles on AI it studies."
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 23/06/2026
Web page I made collecting copies of all Bluesky threads I recently posted describing our Critical Infrastructures and Digital Humanities book (Debates in DH series): alanyliu.org/wp-content/u... @uminnpress.bsky.social
alanyliu.org
Critical Infrastructure Studies & Digital Humanities — Bluesky threads
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Paul Spence @politonaiz.bsky.social · 16/06/2026
Delighted to see my chapter, "Understanding Multilingualism in Digital Humanities Infrastructures," (eds. Alan Liu, Urszula Pawlicka-Deger, James Smithies) published in Critical Infrastructure Studies & Digital Humanities! OA 📖 dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/critica... #DigitalHumanities #MultilingualDH
dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 15/06/2026
My own “infrastructural manifest” for the Debates in DH book on Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities: dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/critica... (The “Download” button opens HTML version of a spreadsheet)
Screenshot of text describing Alan Liu's "infrastructure manifest" for his work on the Critical Infrastructure Studies & Digital Humanities book. The description on the Manifold platform for the online, open-access version of the book includes on the same page a link to "download" and display a HTML version of the spreadsheet containing the actual manifest, which has qualitative categories like infrastructrure "kind," "materials," and "energy," with some categories also scored quantitatively on a 1 to 10 Likert scale.

Abridged transcription of description:

<quote>
Infrastructure manifest completed by Alan Liu for the Introduction.
Resource added June, 2025

Infrastructure manifest completed by Alan Liu for the Introduction, "'Object of Study': Digital Humanities and Critical Infrastructure Studies"

This is a web page representing in HTML format an infrastructure manifest filled out by Alan Liu for the introduc-tion, “‘Object of Study’: Digital Humanities and Critical Infrastructure Studies.” The manifest’s 18-row by 10-column spreadsheet is based on a template that was pre-structured with suggestions to authors about what kinds of infrastructure to declare. There are rows for infrastructures under the following labels: “land,” “materials,” “energy,” “transportation,” “architectural,” “civic, community, national, or regional,” “institutional,” “labor,” “research content,” “tools,” “networked platforms,” and “high-performance computing”. But the spreadsheet also al-lows authors to add other categories and to use free-form text in naming and describing infrastructure.”
</quote>
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 13/06/2026
Another of my early experiments in the creative/critical use of hypertext: my Lytotard Auto-Differend, liu.english.ucsb.edu/lyotard-auto...
AI-GENERATED ALT-TXT:

Screenshot of a webpage titled "Lyotard Auto-Differend Page," presenting an experiment on freedom and tyranny of hypertext. The page features a purple background with a blue and red banner, six labeled clickable phrase regimes in a grid, and footer text crediting Alan Liu from University of California, Santa Barbara, with creation and last update dates.
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 13/06/2026
Feeling elegiac tonight. Reread my “Hacking the Voice of Shuttle” essay on life & death of my VoS website. Like mourning a dear, intimate pet that I spent hours each day caring for. Open-access manuscript: escholarship.org/uc/item/3345...
EDITED AI-GENERATED ALT-TXT:

Screenshot of a humanities research web page titled "Voice of the Shuttle" featuring a colorful banner with text and a quote from Aristotle. The page includes navigation links for credits, contributors, visitor statistics, awards, and a categorized list of academic resources in blue and red hyperlinks on a background resembling ancient parchment.
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 12/06/2026
From Kyle Booten’s Chap 19, “Subjective Functions: How Should Humanistic Research Be Quantified?” in _Critical Infrastructure Studies & Digital Humanities_ (p. 335 in print ed.) dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/critica... @uminnpress.bsky.social
From Kyle Booten’s Chap 19, “Subjective Functions
How Should Humanistic Research Be Quantified?” in _Critical Infrastructure Studies & Digital Humanities_ (p. 335 in print ed.). Transcription of screenshot of text passage:

"As a way of thinking beyond the conceptual blandness of standard bibliometrics (as well as most “alt” ones), I offer in this discussion four sketches of ways that humanistic research might be quantified—ways that are more in keeping with the complexity and diversity of humanistic habits and dispositions. These _subjective functions_ differ from most bibliometric objective functions in two ways: (1) they aspire to subjectivity rather than objectivity, encoding obviously opinionated, controversial, nonuniversal notions of what virtues scholars should manifest; and (2) they attend not to impact but to the gesture, not to the ends but to the means.3 While my sketches of these subjective functions are merely speculative, I endeavor to place them on firm technical foundations, although I acknowledge that others would no doubt have different ideas about how best to engineer them."
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 11/06/2026
Sylvia K. Miller in Ch18, “Imagining a Future of Multimedia E-books,” in _Critical Infrastructure Studies & Digital Humanities_ draws up an infrastructural roadmap for publishing digital scholarly books that integrate multimodal materials dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/critica... @uminnpress.bsky.social
Screenshot of text passage from Sylvia K. Miller's Ch 18, “Imagining a Future of Multimedia E-books,” in _Critical Infrastructure Studies & Digital Humanities_ (p. 323 in print ed.). Tramscription:

"This proposal is based on my experience in scholarly publishing, including more than twenty-five years in the publishing of e-books, digital encyclopedias, and grant-funded digital editions and e-publishing experiments. (See the glossary at the end of this chapter for definitions of the key terms discussed here.) For updates on the current state of publishing technology, I consulted a number of publishing professionals, some of whom are quoted herein and all of whom are acknowledged in the list of interviews accompanying this chapter. These conversations were carried out in a journalistic spirit, and they revealed information that was new to me and might indeed be new to others, leading to the exciting conclusion that normalization of multimedia e-book publishing might be closer to reality than I had expected when I started this project. I also mention enhanced e-books published under the Mellon-funded Publishing the Long Civil Rights Movement project (2008–2012), which I directed at the University of North Carolina Press (UNCP)."
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 11/06/2026
Beginning of @tinkeringhuman.bsky.social & @miriamposner.com’s Ch 17, “Digital Humanities from Below: Speculating on Solidarity Infrastructure” in _Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities_ (p. 315 in print ed.) dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/critica... @uminnpress.bsky.social
Beginning of Matthew N. Hannah &  Miriam Posner’s Ch 17, “Digital Humanities from Below: Speculating on Solidarity Infrastructure” in _Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities_ (p. 308 in print ed.). Transcription of screenshot of text passage:

"In the 1966 issue of the Times Literary Supplement, Marxist historian E. P. Thompson advocated an analysis of history “from below.” Rather than emphasize the “great men” model of history—from above—Thompson posited that historical research should focus on the commoner, the everyday, the masses. Such an emphasis on “below” proffers a Marxist critique of history, elevating the laboring masses as subjects of history over the powerful, rich, and important. But his model of history was also infrastructural. It required a conceptual restructuring of societal models, attending to base over superstructure, emphasizing below over above. In this chapter, we adapt Thompson’s theory of history to advance “digital humanities from below,” critiquing current infrastructural topologies of the field, which still rely on marquee projects, elite institutions, and academic stars as prime drivers of new research. Instead, we advocate for a “solidarity infrastructure,” offering a speculative infrastructural space that addresses the needs of information workers as a laboring class, redistributes resources from top to bottom, and employs an implicit commitment to openness."
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 10/06/2026
From Puthiya Purayil Sneha & Saumyaa Naidu’s Ch. 16, “Online Feminist Publishing and Content Creation as Feminist Infrastructure in India,” in _Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities_ (p. 306 in print ed.) dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/critica... @uminnpress.bsky.social
From Puthiya Purayil Sneha & Saumyaa Naidu’s Ch. 16 (“Online Feminist Publishing and Content Creation as Feminist Infrastructure in India”) in _Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities_ (p. 306 in print ed.).

The screenshot shows a text passage (transcription below), with a thumbnail image of a complex infographic. A shortened URL -- bit.ly/CSIDH_fig_6_1 -- is included for the full-size infographic online, along with a detailed alt-text description and transcription of its content.

Transcription of text passage:
"The downloadable and zoomable “Bridging Intersectional Gaps in Digital Infrastructures in India” infographic visualization that we have developed as a large PDF file, hereafter referred to as “visualization” (Figure 16.1), is an effort to explore some of these challenges at the intersections of feminist work, DH, and critical infrastructure studies. The visualization represents key observations from an ongoing study that we undertook of digital feminist infrastructures in India through a review of literature, and interviews with creators, editors, and other participants of online feminist publishing and content-creation spaces to understand how these digital spaces engage with and inform the contemporary discourse on feminism, gender, and sexuality."
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 10/06/2026
From Lucie Kolb’s Chap. 15, “Making Infrastructure Writable,” in _Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities_ (p. 297 in print ed.) dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/critica.... @uminnpress.bsky.social
Screenshot of text passage from Lucie Kolb’s Chap. 15 (“Making Infrastructure Writable”) in _Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities_ (p. 297 in print ed.). Transcription:

"I want to raise the question of how we negotiate such a “thinking infrastructure” in a way that lets us see and access it. This would be a way that helps us be mindful of how our actions and reflections are being shaped by it and creates the possibility for change—for writability.

I want to tackle these questions by discussing two interventions in the search interface in the library that help users understand the context of their search query: “Feminist Search Tools” and “Infrastructural Manoeuvres.” I will discuss how their interventions, modifications, or supplementation strategies work toward the possibility of a “writable library infrastructure”—a discursive and performative space exposing the ways that our actions and reflections are shaped by infrastructure and creating the possibility for a more emancipatory practice."
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 04/12/2025
U Minnesota Press's Spring 26 catalog, listing our new Critical Infrastructure Studies & Digital Humanities (in Debates in DH series), eds. Alan Liu, Urszula Pawlicka-Deger, @jamessmithies.bsky.social): z.umn.edu/spring26. Table of contents: www.upress.umn.edu/978151791608... @uminnpress.bsky.social
Screenshot of page 52 University of Minnesota Press Spring 2026 catalog, showing the book cover, description, and contributor names of the new book in the Debates in DH series (ed. Alan Liu, Urszula Pawlicka-Deger, and James Smithies) titled _Critical Infrastructrure Studies and Digital Humanities_. The text of the description reads as follows:

How digital humanities can shape and be shaped by the infrastructures that sustain our world.

_Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities_ reimagines the digital humanities (DH) through the expanding field of critical infrastructure studies. Featuring voices from around the globe, this volume explores how DH builds on and extends theories and technologies of infrastructure that affect society, culture, and knowledge in different national and regional contexts. Examining DH’s own infrastructural genealogy, the contributors offer readers critical reflections and bold visions for the future as they address issues of environmentalism, decolonization, Indigenous sovereignty, multilingualism, labor justice, feminism, national development, and beyond from a variety of disciplinary perspectives embedded in concrete digital systems. Including innovative “infrastructure manifests,” the essays in this book illuminate how DH can both study and shape the systems that sustain culture, scholarship, and connection....
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 04/12/2025
I had fun writing alt-text for this image of the cover of the new _Critical Infrastructure Studies & Digital Humanities book (in Debates in DH series) I co-edited. See alt-text of the image. (Book description & contents here: www.upress.umn.edu/978151791608...) @uminnpress.bsky.social.
Cover of new book in the U. Minnesota Press Debates in DH series: _Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities_, eds. Alan Liu, Urszula Pawlicka-Deger, and James Smithies. The book cover shows the title of the book in large, upper-case-only, sans-serif block letters (colored yellow for "Critical Infrastructure Studies" and red for "Digital Humanities") against a diagonally tiled, grey background with a drawn, shaded texture suggesting concrete. The overall visual effect is of text stenciled on a concrete wall in an urban infrastructural environment whose brutalist modern style has been given nuance in two ways. First, the architect has qualified the heavy-handed systematicity of modernism through the decor of slightly irregular tesselation (the tiles are of several shapes in an overall geometry whose system is unclear and unpredictable). Then it is as if some street artist or street theater group has come along and stencil spray-painted a poster for their improv event over the building wall.
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 09/06/2026
From Ch. 14, “Resisting BYOI (Bring Your Own Infrastructure) in Digital Humanities Learning Spaces” by @kshpatel@mastodon.social, Ashley Caranto Morford, & Arun Jacob dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/critica..., in _Critical Infrastructure Studies & Digital Humanities_ @UMinnPress@mastodon.social
Text excerpts from Ch. 14, “Resisting BYOI (Bring Your Own Infrastructure) in Digital Humanities Learning Spaces” by Kush Patel, Ashley Caranto Morford, and Arun Jacob (Pedagogy of the Digitally Oppressed Collective), in _Critical Infrastructure Studies & Digital Humanities_ (pp. 277, 278 in print ed.):

"We have crafted a fictional creative writing piece—a Twine narrative (discussed later in this chapter)—based on our own lived experiences but set within fictional institutions and using fictional technological platforms…. Our Twine narrative is set at the beginning of the global Covid pandemic and consists of a series of email chains. Readers follow the experiences of faculty, staff, students, and precarious workers at postsecondary institutions in India, the United States, and Canada as they navigate changes to educational processes and organize their activities through online infrastructures…."

"In the accompanying reflection that follows the Twine story, we provide a rationale and analysis of the creative piece involving three concepts: responsibilization, crisortunity a crisis situation presenting the opportunity for someone to gain something], and digital infrastructural otherwises. With each of these concepts, grounded in specific sociotechnical realities, we reflect on the possibility of reimgining infrastructure to enable more care-filled and just teaching, learning, and organizing…."
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 09/06/2026
From Ch. 14, “Resisting BYOI (Bring Your Own Infrastructure) in Digital Humanities Learning Spaces” by @kshpatel@mastodon.social, Ashley Caranto Morford, & Arun Jacob dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/critica..., in _Critical Infrastructure Studies & Digital Humanities_ @UMinnPress@mastodon.social
Text excerpts from Ch. 14, “Resisting BYOI (Bring Your Own Infrastructure) in Digital Humanities Learning Spaces” by Kush Patel, Ashley Caranto Morford, and Arun Jacob (Pedagogy of the Digitally Oppressed Collective), in _Critical Infrastructure Studies & Digital Humanities_ (pp. 277, 278 in print ed.):

"We have crafted a fictional creative writing piece—a Twine narrative (discussed later in this chapter)—based on our own lived experiences but set within fictional institutions and using fictional technological platforms…. Our Twine narrative is set at the beginning of the global Covid pandemic and consists of a series of email chains. Readers follow the experiences of faculty, staff, students, and precarious workers at postsecondary institutions in India, the United States, and Canada as they navigate changes to educational processes and organize their activities through online infrastructures…."

"In the accompanying reflection that follows the Twine story, we provide a rationale and analysis of the creative piece involving three concepts: responsibilization, crisortunity a crisis situation presenting the opportunity for someone to gain something], and digital infrastructural otherwises. With each of these concepts, grounded in specific sociotechnical realities, we reflect on the possibility of reimgining infrastructure to enable more care-filled and just teaching, learning, and organizing…."
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 09/06/2026
For the last section of Critical Infrastructure Studies & DH on “Reenvisioning DH Infrastructure” (beginning with Ch 14) we sought briefer pieces that are speculative, creative, or playful, including through visual & interactive means. dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/critica... @uminnpress.bsky.social
Screenshot of text from p. 21 of our editors' introduction chapter in _Critical Infrastructure Studies & Digital Humanities_, where we introduce the third and final section of the book. Transcription:

"REENVISIONING DIGITAL HUMANITIES INFRASTRUCTURE
To complement the primarily analytical, theoretical, and critical work of the chapters in the book’s first two sections, a final section includes briefer chapters that conclude the volume more speculatively, creatively, or playfully (thus segueing from the playful zest of Wershler making a virtue of scrounging). These final chapters include position statements, what-if scenarios or plans, and multimodal arguments (visualizations, infographics, other forms of graphics, and a Twine narrative). They argue for, and in some cases enact, critical infrastructure studies by imagining con brio how DH infrastructures could be different and better."
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 08/06/2026
From Darren Wershler’s Chap. 13 (“Scrounging”) in _Critical Infrastructure Studies & Digital Humanities_ dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/critica... (p. 260 in print ed.) @uminnpress.bsky.social
From Darren Wershler’s Chap. 13 (“Scrounging”) in _Critical Infrastructure Studies & Digital Humanities_ (p. 260 in print ed.):

"Scrounging is a powerful but overlooked cultural technique that not only helps to ensure the ongoing operation of many labs in many disparate fields, but also can be a way of bringing an entire lab or research space into being. It is distinct both from the formal processes of application and certification that universities and other institutions use and from other informal techniques like gleaning and poaching, which describe forms of subsistence on someone’s or something else’s resources. The productivity and utility of gleaning and poaching are not in question (de Certeau, 165–76), but the kind of scrounging that I am thinking about operates differently because it shifts material resources from one infrastructural location to another to integrate them into a different research apparatus."
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 08/06/2026
@bestqualitycrab.bsky.social @mikejonesphd.bsky.social Toby Burrows & Ann Borda: see this article cited in ‪@timelfen.bsky.social's reply, whose argument of "generativity" vs "reliability or reproducibility" is tangent to yours in "Reproducibility &Contestation in Humanities Digital Infrastructure"
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 07/06/2026
Very impressed by @edinburghup.bsky.social’s “AI Policy” for authors: edinburghuniversitypress.com/publish-with.... Best I’ve run into so far, though I’ve not searched systematically. (Given changefulness of AI, though, the page could usefully be dated and versioned.)
edinburghuniversitypress.com
AI policy - Writing your book - For authors
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 07/06/2026
Excerpts from Verhoeven et al., Ch 12 (“Reproducibility & Contestation in Humanities Digital Infrastructure”) in _Critical Infrastructure Studies & Digital Humanities_ dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/critica... @bestqualitycrab.bsky.social @mikejonesphd.bsky.social @uminnpress.bsky.social
Three excerpts from Deb Verhoeven, Mike Jones, Toby Burrows, and Ann Borda’s Chap. 12 (“Reproducibility and Contestation in Humanities Digital Infrastructure”) in _Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities_ (pp. 243, 244-45, 245 in print ed.):

Contestability and contestation are among the underlying precepts of humanities research that help distinguish it from other disciplines that find evidence in processes of consensus….

In the first part of this chapter, we address the way in which contestability has been minimized in favor of infrastructure focused on reproducibility and consensus…. We argue that rather than focusing on efficiency and replication, humanities digital infrastructure should include support for additive and annotative contestation as a foundational concept….

The remainder of this chapter looks at two examples of humanities driven digital infrastructure that foster this approach to contestation in different ways. The Humanities Networked Infrastructure (HuNI) platform emphasizes the potential of digital infrastructure to encapsulate collaborative, relational meaning-making; and the digital heritage access platform Mukurtu provides a framework supporting different, sometimes contradictory knowledge systems (especially Indigenous community knowledge).
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 07/06/2026
From Lik Hang Tsui & Jing Chen’s Ch. 11 (“Connecting Digital Systems by Whom and for Whom? Taking Stock of the Digital Humanities Infrastructures in China”) in _Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities_ (p. 223 in print ed) dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/critica... @uminnpress.bsky.social
From Lik Hang Tsui &  Jing Chen’s Chap. 11 (“Connecting Digital Systems by Whom and for Whom? - Taking Stock of the Digital Humanities Infrastructures in China”) in _Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities_ (p. 223 in print ed.):

"Participating in globalizing and diversifying DH, this chapter offers a critical analysis of efforts to create a DH infrastructure in mainland China, where since the end of the decade of the 2000s, the need for such infrastructure has increasingly been recognized and more efforts have been made to build it.1 The focus has been on creating research infrastructures in particular—especially ones that can link various resources and systems not just for digital scholarship generally, but for the study of China specifically."
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 06/06/2026
First paragraph of Maya Dodd & Sharika Parmar’s Chap. 10 (“What’s Missing: Studying Digital Humanities and Critical Infrastructure in India”) in _Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities_ (p. 210 in print ed.), dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/critica... @uminnpress.bsky.social
First paragraph of Maya Dodd & Sharika Parmar’s Chap. 10 (“What’s Missing: Studying Digital Humanities and Critical Infrastructure in India”) in _Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities_ (p. 210 in print ed.):

"In imagining the infrastructural futures for digital humanities (DH) in India, we must first understand whom we are building for. Most importantly, conceptualizing infrastructural futures for DH in India requires us to move beyond traditional academic boundaries. As with many countries in the Global South, DH in India is not simply a product of academic innovations or robustly funded ecosystems but a response to public need and demand. The profusion of actors engaged in the interplay of digital and human activities goes beyond institutionally sanctioned spaces, producing a vibrant and conceptually demanding space (Dodd and Kalra 2021). This practical and epistemic diversity is, of course, characteristic of many countries in the Global South (Gobbo and Russo 2020). If we are to imagine a future for DH infrastructures in India, we must first assume a broader conception of DH, which implies a parallel assumption that infrastructures for DH in India need to be infrastructures for public humanities in India. Hence the infrastructures required presuppose a different trajectory than countries in the Global North, charting a course that embraces multimodal ways of designing, thinking, and building."
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 06/06/2026
Three excerpts from Paul Spence’s Chap. 9 (“Understanding Multilingualism in Digital Humanities Infrastructures”) in _Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities_ (pp. 196, 197, 205 in print ed.) dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/critica.... @politonaiz.bsky.social @uminnpress.bsky.social
Three excerpts from Paul Spence’s Chap. 9 (“Understanding Multilingualism in Digital Humanities Infrastructures”) in _Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities_ (pp. 196, 197, 205 in print ed.). Transcription:

This chapter assesses how multilingualism is understood and practiced in global-leaning DH, in particular through DH sociotechnical infrastructure, and how this in turn shapes the way that the DH field contributes to global knowledge production. Drawing on DH literature and project case studies, I examine how those building or advocating for DH infrastructures understand multilingualism, as well as how this is framed within wider efforts to improve geocultural and linguistic diversity within the field….

What different models exist for approaching multilingual challenges in DH research infrastructures, and what do they tell us about how the field views multilingualism? The next sections explore multilingual DH from four perspectives: (1) as access to language resources, (2) as literacy and ideation, (3) as translation, and (4) as tactical response….

Linguistic diversity in digital knowledge production is a useful proxy for knowledge creation, broadly speaking, and DH research infrastructures are thus representative of the ongoing conflict in knowledge infrastructures more generally between geolinguistic diversity and the dynamics of dominant language consolidation. Critical multilingual infrastructural studies play an important role in reorienting digital practice toward greater epistemic diversity and cultivating richer intralingual and geocultural dynamics in digital scholarship.
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 05/06/2026
From Wermer-Colan, Wythoff, Gomez, & Washington’s Ch 8 (“Alternative Infrastructures for Digital Equity: Community-Based Internet Access”) in Critical Infrastructure Studies & DH, dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/critica... @phillywireless.bsky.social @princetoncdh.bsky.social @uminnpress.bsky.social
From Alex Wermer-Colan, Grant Wythoff, Allan Gomez, & Devren Washington’s Chap. 8 (“Alternative Infrastructures for Digital Equity: Community-Based Internet Access”) in _Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities_ (p. 177 in print edition).

"Born of the pandemic and the need that it exacerbated for broadband access and digital equity, PCW has sought to adapt alternative models for bridging the digital divide, specifically community Wi-Fi initiatives in regional cities similar to Philadelphia, the poorest big city in the United States (Jones and Duchneskie).2 The authors of this chapter—with backgrounds in community technology and digital humanities (DH)—are cofounders, staff, and Board members of PCW. In this chapter, we step back from our on-the-ground experiences over the last five years to explore in a broader context the potential of community-controlled broadband networks and the underlying wireless mesh network technology. In doing so, we offer a framework for critical praxis in DH, academic scholarship, and social justice work."
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 05/06/2026
From Javier Cha and Ian M. Miller’s Chap. 7 (“Digital Humanities and the Energetics of Big Data”) in _Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities_ (p. 167 in print edition), dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/critica.... @javiercha.bsky.social, @uminnpress.bsky.social
From Javier Cha and Ian M. Miller’s Chap. 7 (“Digital Humanities and the Energetics of Big Data”) in _Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities_ (p. 167 in print edition).

"The path forward for DH requires an in-depth understanding of the energy dynamics in digital information processing. Advanced cold-storage solutions such as Project Silica, M-Disc, and piqlFilm prompt new inquiries about the ultra-long-term preservation of digital data, spanning thousands to millions of years. Yet, in the immediate term, the transformation of the humanities into a substantial energy consumer is a pressing concern. Minimal computing principles, while valuable, are inadequate for addressing this surge in energy demand. Unexpectedly, the recent shift to AI-optimized servers in data centers has led to a marked increase in electricity and water usage, far exceeding that of conventional Web 2.0 setups (Langley). Renewable energy sources power many of these centers, and district heating systems in Nordic and Baltic regions show how excess heat can be effectively reused (Velkova). Our own experiences with LLM training on high-end NVIDIA guzzlers, however, lead us to question the necessity of such tasks and think about future implications of these trends.

Our hope is that the DH community uses its expertise in digital technologies to bridge the gap between the research of activist groups and corporate green claims and come up with some sound solutions and responses for mitigating big data’s environmental impact."
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Center for Digital Humanities @princetoncdh.bsky.social · 05/06/2026
Neighbors maintain a free broadband network in Philadelphia — @phillywireless.bsky.social — that now serves 7,600+ users. Read about the six-year project to build community-supported infrastructure in the latest Debates in DH volume from @uminnpress.bsky.social cdh.princeton.edu/blog/2026/06...
cdh.princeton.edu
New Publication Details Cooperative Broadband and Community-Supported Infrastructure
New Publication Details Cooperative Broadband and Community-Supported Infrastructure
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 05/06/2026
AI is often future-oriented. But the back time-arrow is also important. The human record needs to be retrofitted for AI. Issues include: can AI respect archival “respect des fonds”? See Colavizza & Jaillant, “AI Ready: How to Prepare Archives for Artificial Intelligence....” doi.org/10.1080/2325...
From the abstract for Giovanni Colavizza and Lise Jaillant, “AI Ready: How to Prepare Archives for Artificial Intelligence, Improve Discoverability, and Enhance Access.” _Archives and Records_, June 2, 2026, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/23257962.2026.2675937.

"This article asks: how can archives prepare their collections for AI in ways that enhance discoverability and access, while remaining grounded in archival principles and ethical commitments? Co-authored by a computer scientist and a digital humanist with experience in cultural heritage, the article offers a cross-disciplinary literature review and practice-oriented guidelines for “AI data preparedness” in archives. Drawing on work in data documentation, data readiness, collections-as-data, and archival theory, we argue that concepts such as provenance, appraisal, authenticity, reliability, and trustworthiness should shape AI applications in records and archives."
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 05/06/2026
New to me as an American: D64 Center for Digital Progress’s “Code of Conduct Democratic AI” for ethical AI signed by 80+ European non-profit orgs. English version: demokratische-ki.de/en/. Screenshot of p. 4 in the document.
Page 4 in the D64 Center for Digital Progress’s “Code of Conduct Democratic AI," showing a graphic of a dart hitting a hand-drawn bullseye, where the dart is humanized with a smiling face and is gesturing with a thumbs-up. Transcription of the text:

[Header] Human-centric Approach

[Text] A human-centric approach to technology means placing the dignity of every human being and the different lifestyles and experiences of people at the forefront of technological developments. Accordingly, the EU AI Regulation1 explicitly emphasises the need for human-centric design. It is stated in the report that AI systems must be designed in such a way that they take into account the diversity of our society and incorporate different needs, abilities, and expectations, including the needs of those who do not want to or cannot use AI. Human-centric design puts people at the centre of technical development. This also means taking on global responsibility: We must consider resources, working conditions, and energy con- sumption throughout the entire supply chain. AI systems rely on human labour that often remains invisible and is sometimes performed under exploitative conditions.

[Text in larger font] We are committed to the alignment of AI systems with people, with consideration for the needs of users and non-users of AI. We call for the advancement of human-centric AI development that incorporates social and environmental standards on a global scale.
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 04/06/2026
From Martin Paul Eve’s Chap. 6 (“Shadow Libraries and Pirate Infrastructures”) in _Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities_ (p. 142 in print edition), dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/critica.... @eve.gd, @uminnpress.bsky.social
From Martin Paul Eve’s Chap. 6 (“Shadow Libraries and Pirate Infrastructures”) in _Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities_ _ (p. 142 in print edition). 

"Frustrated by the slow growth of OA and the realization that even OA will not achieve 100 percent access, various groups and individuals worldwide have built a series of digital infrastructures, called shadow libraries, that circumvent publisher paywalls. Shadow is an apt term here. In Star’s definition, we recall, one of the crucial features of infrastructure is that, when they are working, they are invisible. The emergence of their “shadows” implies that these infrastructures, with all their flaws, are no longer invisible; they now occlude the light. The most well known and significant of these libraries are Sci-Hub, Library Genesis, Anna’s Archive, and Memory of the World, each hosting substantial volumes of material. In addition, UbuWeb, which explicitly describes itself as a “pirate shadow library,” hosts hundreds of thousands of specifically avant-garde digital artifacts. Other shadow libraries include Monoskop (“an independent web-based educational resource and research platform for arts, culture and humanities founded in 2004”) and Aaaaarg (originally AAARG, an acronym of Artists, Architects, and Activists Reading Group), both of which bill themselves specifically in educational terms."
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 04/06/2026
Beginning of Pawlicka-Deger, Ciula, & Vieira’s Chap 5 (“Critical Studies of Tech Stacks: What Can Technologies Tell Us About a Lab Culture?”) in _Critical Infrastructure Studies and DH_ (p. 122 in print ed.) dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/critica.... @kingsdigitallab.bsky.social, @uminnpress.bsky.social
Pawlicka-Deger, Ciula, & Vieira’s Chap 5 (“Critical Studies of Tech Stacks: What Can Technologies Tell Us About a Lab Culture?”) in _Critical Infrastructure Studies and DH_ ,  (p. 122 in print ed.). Abridged transcription:

"This chapter proposes a methodological approach that integrates laboratory ethnography with network analysis to understand the role of technologies in shaping lab cultures. By lab cultures, we mean research environments whose technological milieu and social-philosophical character influence each other. Our particular focus is on digital humanities (DH) labs, and our case study is being carried out at King’s Digital Lab (KDL) at King’s College London, where we have been embedded in compound participant-observer positions that allow us to use observation, interviews, and access to lab documents to conduct “polyvocal” ethnography....1 We draw on ethnographical methods in the mode of science and technology studies (STS), laboratory studies (Latour and Woolgar), and workplace and organization studies.... To further investigate interconnections between infrastructures, organizations, and their cultures, we apply STS and social-science network visualization methods that position human and technological agents as nodes in networks of relations...."
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 03/06/2026
From Matthew Hockenberry’s Chap. 4 (“Manifesting Connection: Digital Humanities for the Critical Study of Logistics”) in _Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities_ (pp. 103-104 in print edition), dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/critica.... @mhockenberry.bsky.social, uminnpress.bsky.social
From Matthew Hockenberry’s Chap. 4 (“Manifesting Connection: Digital Humanities for the Critical Study of Logistics”) in _Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities_ (pp. 103-104 in print edition):

"This chapter takes up the idea of the manifest to survey how the digital humanities (DH) and allied approaches like human-computer interaction (HCI), data visualization, and others engage with the critical study of logistics, especially with regard to the spatial and nonspatial visualization of logistical networks, media representations and aesthetic imaginations of logistical sites, and close readings of logistical training regimes and logistical software systems. In examining the projects in this survey, I consider how approaches such as the digital mapping of infrastructures for global logistics are shared. Given that industry software and management pedagogy have historically treated the spatialization of logistical processes as largely supplemental to the management of those processes, and that—when geographic perspectives have been adopted—they have been deployed in the service of self-interested corporate discourse on supply chain transparency and resilience, I argue that special care must be taken in implementing digital approaches. Drawing from my own work on Manifest, a new tool for visualizing, analyzing, and documenting supply chains and trade networks (further discussed later in this chapter), I argue for models centered around the act of “manifesting connection”—not only of logistical networks, but of the external points of contact that situate these networks in broader patterns of sociality, while also outlining the ethical dimensions at stake and the future challenges that will emerge."
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 03/06/2026
Beginning of Sarah Montoya’s Chap. 3 (“Networking the Nation: Settler Colonialism as an Analytic in Critical Infrastructure Studies”) in _Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities_, dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/critica... (pp. 88-89 in print edition).
Beginning of Sarah Montoya’s Chap. 3 (“Networking the Nation: Settler Colonialism as an Analytic in Critical Infrastructure Studies”) in _Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities_,  (pp. 88-89 in print edition). Abridged transcription:

“At the core of discussions of information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructures are land and property ownership, the understandings of which are shaped by settler colonialism in the United States and administered by a constellation of global settler state formations. Settler colonialism names an orientation to the world and life; it is a way of being and relating to land, peoples, objects, and knowledge that prioritize the liberal humanist citizen-subject and the creation and acquisition of property and possession, and it is deeply characterized by white supremacy and enforced through various forms of targeted violence (Estes et al., 59, 107). When utilized as an analytical approach, settler colonial studies insists on making legible the relationship between land, infrastructure, private property, and the project of settler statecraft. This framework extends research in electronic and digital colonialism and makes explicit the spatial and racial violence required to maintain settler society.

Bringing forth the connections between the settler state, surveillance projects realized through the military-industrial complex, and the impact of commercial interests in the shaping of the use of internet technology, this chapter argues that a web of networked settler logics emerges through a critical reading of ICT infrastructure that links the development of the telegraph, telegraphone, and the internet to settler colonial property regimes in the United States….”
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 02/06/2026
From Susan Brown’s Chap. 2 (“Replatforming”) in _Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities_ (p. 66 in print edition), dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/critica.... @susanbrown.bsky.social
Paragraph from Susan Brown's Chap. 2 ("Replatforming") in _Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities_  (p. 66 in print edition):

"This chapter probes scholarly platforms through the concept of replatforming, a critical inversion of what social media calls _deplatforming_. Deplatforming bans individuals from platforms, whereas _replatforming_ invokes collective iterative activity. Replatforming prompts inquiry into what it means to provide and sustain platforms to advance digital scholarship and online diversity. My argument has three sections discussing the benefits and risks of scholarly platforms (_re:platforming_); the critical implications of republishing data (_re-platforming_); and the challenges of ongoing repair and rebuilding (_replatforming_). While they differ in scale and purpose from the sites of platform capitalism, digital humanities (DH) platforms nevertheless warrant examination. Intersectional feminist, Indigenous, critical race, and archival studies suggest how infrastructure can advance social justice and mitigate harm, underscoring the need for scholarly involvement in the ongoing relational work of creating and sustaining knowledge platforms."
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 02/06/2026
From Anne Beaulieu’s Chap. 1 (“Interfaces for the Anthropocene”) in _Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities_ (pp. 47-48 in print edition). dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/critica...
Paragraphs from Anne Beaulieu’s Chap. 1 (“Interfaces for the Anthropocene”) in _Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities_ (pp. 47-49 in print edition):

"In this chapter, I explore how knowledge infrastructures can help address the crises of the Anthropocene. I use the phrase “knowledge for the Anthropocene” to indicate a project that improves knowledge production as a process of creating new relations—ones in which humans are neither invisible nor standing outside nature but are accountably, reflexively present. Specifically, I delve into how recent research in digital humanities can contribute to conceptualizing and realizing better infrastructures—better in the sense that they further enable us to care (Bellacasa) by bringing issues of interdependence, responsibility, and discernment to the forefront, and in the sense that they garner sufficient trust and reliability to support action.

I focus on one aspect of infrastructures (namely, the interface) to contribute meaningfully to the vast issue of how to reinvent them. This focus makes tractable the question of what kind of knowledge we need for the Anthropocene by showing the importance of articulating and reflecting on assumptions about the source, user, and use of knowledge that is built into interfaces. It also turns our attention toward the significance of interactions and how they are shaped by the interfaces available to us. Interfaces can be designed, tackled, built, tinkered with, and/or demonstrated—and as such, they form sites of intervention toward better knowledge practices."
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Lauren Klein @laurenfklein.bsky.social · 02/06/2026
Each DDH volume is an innovation, and this one is no exception. In CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE STUDIES, @alanyliu.bsky.social, Urszula Pawlicka-Deger, and @jamessmithies.bsky.social present the "manifest," a documenting of the infrastructure used to research and produce each chapter. Dig in here!
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Miranda L. Barnes @mirandab-oa.bsky.social · 03/03/2025
Very excited to be joining the MORPHSS Project at Cambridge University in 2 weeks! 😄 I'll be working closely with @samuelmoore.org, investigating ways to encourage and embed innovative open research practices within humanities and social science (HSS) disciplines. www.lib.cam.ac.uk/stories/morp...
lib.cam.ac.uk
Cambridge University Library awarded funding to explore openness in humanities and social sciences
Significant funding has been awarded to investigate ways to encourage and embed innovative open research practices within humanities and social science (HSS) disciplines.
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 02/06/2026
Our editors’ description of @eve.gd’s Chap. 6 (“Shadow Libraries and Pirate Infrastructures,” dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/critica...) in _Critical Infrastructure Studies & Digital Humanities_ . (Quote from the book’s Introduction)
Paragraph from "Introduction" in Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities (p. 18 in print edition) about Martin Paul Eve's Chapter 6:

At the close of part 1, chapter 6, “Shadow Libraries and Pirate Infrastructures,” by Martin Paul Eve, then follows by focusing on knowledge infrastructures like Sci-Hub, Library Genesis, Memory of the World, UbuWeb, Monoskop, and AAARG that break the fragile balance of the proprietary and open observed in Pawlicka-Deger, Ciula, and Vieira’s chapter 5. Shadow libraries, to continue with the play trope, play with knowledge infrastructures not in the manner of the loose play of one machine part coupling to another within tolerances, but more radically of détournement in situationism (Debord) or tactics in “tactical media” (see, e.g., Garcia and Lovink; and Raley). They subversively throw all the parts off track to bring into question the very alignment of the tracks, which is to say the system. Some of the shadow libraries studied by Eve are playful, in the sense of having an avant-garde sensibility. But others like Sci-Hub are deadly serious, in the sense that they legitimate themselves on the grounds of making medical and other research open as a life-and-death matter. “How broken is our current infrastructure of scholarly communications?” Eve asks in his first sentence, alluding to Star’s axiom that infrastructure is invisible until it breaks. Ultimately, he shows how profoundly undecidable the whole idea of brokenness is in critical infrastructure studies. Are paywalled, proprietary knowledge infrastructures broken? Or, from the perspective of the paywalled systems—and of systems in general—is it the shadow libraries transgressing paywalls that are the breakage? Eve’s reflections on shadow libraries from a DH perspective are a pitch-perfect example of this book’s focus in its first part on “critical infrastructure studies (and digital humanities).”
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Matt Gold @mkgold.bsky.social · 01/06/2026
So excited to see this great DDH volume on Critical Infrastructure Studies & DH published open-access on @manifoldscholar.bsky.social ! Congrats to editors (@alanyliu.bsky.social Urszula Pawlocka-Deger @jamessmithies.bsky.social) & authors!! @laurenfklein.bsky.social @uminnpress.bsky.social
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 01/06/2026
Announcing the release of the online, open-access edition of _Critical Infrastructure Studies & Digital Humanities_ (in Debates in DH series): dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/projects/cri.... Editors: Alan Liu, Urszula Pawlicka-Deger, James Smihties @jamessmithies.bsky.social). Print ed. appeared January 2026
dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu
Critical Infrastructure Studies and Digital Humanities | Debates in the Digital Humanities
This volume reimagines the digital humanities (DH) through the expanding field of critical infrastructure studies as it explores how DH builds on and extends the field’s theories and technologies. Inc...
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Alan Liu @alanyliu.bsky.social · 28/05/2026
Correct link to my talk for the public explaining the digital humanities (starting at 30:36): youtu.be/6RekMjVM1LY?.... (After I sent a link yesterday, my campus trimmed the start of the recording, which is why the time-location embedded in the original link is now wrong.)
youtu.be
UC Santa Barbara Academic Symposium 2026
YouTube video by UC Santa Barbara
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