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ME/CFS Science @mecfsscience.org · 14/02/2026

2) The table attached is from an outdated review from 2015, but it still includes most of the major cytokines studies in ME/CFS as these were done years ago. Link: sciencedirect.com/science/arti... Interest in cytokine levels seems to have dwindled due to inconsistent results.

sciencedirect.com

Chronic fatigue syndrome and circulating cytokines: A systematic review

There has been much interest in the role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), as CFS may develop following a…

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ME/CFS Science @mecfsscience.org · 14/02/2026

3) One of the major studies that came out afterwards was the Montoya study from 2017, published in PNAS. Almost 200 ME/CFS patients were tested at Stanford. TGF-β was also elevated compared to controls. Link: www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/...

pnas.org

PNAS

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans...

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ME/CFS Science @mecfsscience.org · 14/02/2026

4) But there was a paradox in this study. TGF-β was increased but didn't correlate with ME/CFS severity. Some inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-gamma did correlate with ME/CFS severity but levels were similar to controls.

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