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Manuel Irimia @mirimiam.bsky.social · 20/04/2026

Thus, it remains unclear whether and which common principles underlie ZGA across animal evolution. Here, we took a comparative & evolutionary approach, and generated a comprehensive transcriptomic atlas of early embryogenesis across 61 species spanning 13 animal phyla. 🐁🐟🦟🪱🐌🪼 3/15

Sampling of developmental stages across 61 animal species.

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Manuel Irimia @mirimiam.bsky.social · 20/04/2026

We analyzed these datasets within a unified framework, using three main data types to identify ZGA onset across species (PCA distances, newly expressed genes and intron/exon read ratio). The result was the first systematic atlas of ZGA onset across animals. 4/15

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Manuel Irimia @mirimiam.bsky.social · 20/04/2026

We found the timing of ZGA onset to be highly variable across species, covering every possible cell cycle from 1 (rodents) to 14 (flies). While the most common stages were 3-5 cell cycles, we could not really infer an ancestral ZGA stage due to its high variability. 5/15

Distribution of ZGA onsets and attempt to reconstruct ancestral state

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