The Cheka (Vecheka) Secret Police was created by Vladimir Lenin's Soviet government in December 1917 to ruthlessly stamp out all opposition to the Bolshevik Revolution. During the Russian Civil War...

The Battle of Gaugamela (1st October 331 BCE, also known as the Battle of Arbela) was the final meeting between Alexander the Great of Macedon and King Darius III of Persia. After this victory, Alexander...

In this collection of resources, we examine the Peasants' Revolt in England in 1381, a popular uprising that sought dramatic social changes such as the removal of the poll tax, an end to the cap on...

Dust & Divinity: Ink of Ages Volume Two

The Dialogue of Pessimism (circa 1000 BCE) is a Babylonian poem featuring a master and his slave in ten exchanges during which the master proposes an action, and the slave gives reasons for and against...

There are multiple pages about 'Joseph II' on our website. Here's a list.

The Taj Mahal is a mausoleum complex in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, northern India. Commissioned by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan to inter and memorialise his wife Mumtaz Mahal, the building is the finest...

Union Flag Officer Andrew H. Foote (1806-1863) came to national attention during the American Civil War following his naval victory over Confederate land forces at the Battle of Fort Henry (6 February...

History by the Numbers, Volume II brings together twelve visual infographics exploring rulers, warfare, exploration, science, technology, belief, and cultural exchange across world history. Through...

The Battle of Fort Henry (6 February 1862) is often referenced as the first major Union victory in the Western theater of the American Civil War, but it was not. The first major Union victory in the...

Dust & Divinity: Ink of Ages Volume Two

Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, also known as Pompey or Pompey the Great, was a military leader and politician during the fall of the Roman Republic. He was born in 106 BCE and died on 28th September 48 BCE...

This collection collates articles, definitions, and maps covering the voyages, empires, and exchanges related to Unit 4: Transoceanic Interconnections of the AP® World History: Modern curriculum. It...

The Norman Conquest of England (1066-71) was led by William the Conqueror who defeated King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. The Anglo-Saxon elite lost power as William redistributed land...

Dust & Divinity: Ink of Ages Volume Two

The Pacific War (1941-45) contributed many lasting innovations and developments to global warfare. This theatre of the Second World War witnessed the end of battleships as the primary mode of naval...

This collection of resources presents the Pacific theatre of the Second World War (1939-45), which saw the expansion of the Japanese Empire before the USA was brought into the conflict following the...

This collection gathers articles, definitions, and maps covering the empires, rulers, and belief systems related to Unit 3: Land-Based Empires of the AP® World History: Modern curriculum. This collection...

Between c. 1450 and 1650, demand for spices and other high-value plant commodities became an important catalyst for European maritime expansion. Pepper, cinnamon, cloves, and nutmeg were especially...

James Buchanan (1791-1868) was an American politician who served as the fifteenth president of the United States. He took office during a time of great crisis, when the country was divided along sectional...

Dust & Divinity: Ink of Ages Volume Two

A Supervisor's Advice to a Young Scribe is a Sumerian composition relating a dialogue between an elder scribe and a young graduate from his school. The piece is dated to the Old Babylonian period (circa...

The Pacific War concerned the theatre of the Second World War (1939-45) fought in the Pacific Ocean and eastern parts of Asia between Japan and the United States and its allies. Japan had expanded its...

The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order issued by US President Abraham Lincoln on 1 January 1863, at the height of the American Civil War (1861-1865). It proclaimed that "all persons held...

This collection gathers articles, definitions, and maps covering the trade routes, travelers, and networks of exchange related to Unit 2: Networks of Exchange of the AP® World History: Modern curriculum...

This collection gathers articles, definitions, and maps covering the states, cultures, and events related to Unit 1: The Global Tapestry of the AP® World History: Modern curriculum. This collection...

Publius Vergilius Maro (70-19 BCE), better known to most modern readers as Virgil, was one of the greatest poets of the early Roman Empire. His best-known work, the Aeneid, told of a Trojan prince...