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Will Thomas

@williamthomas.bsky.social
1.5K followers 228 following 746 posts

Director of Research in History, Policy, and Culture at the American Institute of Physics. Author of Rational Action: The Sciences of Policy in Britain and America, 1940-1960. Views expressed are my own.

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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 08/10/2026
A cool thing about Herbert Simon was that, in addition to being a founding figure in the field of AI, he had well-worked-out views about how artifice relates to human knowledge. I feel like our discourse isn't really cutting it these days.
Cover of the second edition of Herbert Simon's The Sciences of the Artificial. It has a spare, word-heavy design with modernist stylistic elements.
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 02/10/2026
Congratulations to my colleague Rebecca Charbonneau @rebeccacharbon.bsky.social on winning the 2027 Osterbrock Prize from the American Astronomical Society's Historical Astronomy Division! aas.org/posts/news/2...
Author photo of Rebecca Charbonneau and the cover of her book Mixed Signals: Alien Communication across the Iron Curtain.
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 20/09/2026
This is basically what my mind is picturing here.
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 15/09/2026
The American Institute of Physics history program now has a reorganized website. Whether you know nothing, a little, or a lot about our work, take a look around and see if you find anything new to you! www.aip.org/history
Screenshot of the top portion of the AIP history website, showing a feature of a history guide on Bell Labs, introductory text, and the most recent weekly/monthly email newsletters.
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 08/09/2026
DC friends, AIP's next Trimble lecture is coming up on Wed., Sept. 23, when Princeton University's Fara Dabhoiwala presents "Black Genius: Race, Science, and the Extraordinary Portrait of Francis Williams." Learn more and register to attend today: www.aip.org/history/fara... 📷V&A Museum, London
A section of a painting depicting a black man in the dress of an 18th century gentleman with a white wig, with shelves of books and a window looking out on a Jamaican landscape and a cloudy night sky behind him.
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 04/09/2026
It correctly gave the edge to Minnesota. Interesting that it picked up on the connection to the Pacific Northwest given that to my knowledge Minnesota and Oregon are the only places where kids play duck, duck, gray duck, but it didn't ask about that dead giveaway.
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 25/08/2026
SBE has been the directorate that funds history of science, so this has been especially dour news for our field. Here's the letter from NSF to AIP in 1960 that essentially jump-started our history program, and we received many follow-on awards in subsequent years.
Dear Hutch, I have read with interest the proposal prepared by Gerald Holton that you sent me for comment. Members of the Course Content Improvement Section have also had a look at it, and I shall try to report our composite reaction.

I should like to say first that if the members chosen for the advisory committee have the stature of Dr. Holton it has the first prerequisite that we look for in the Foundation, namely the involvement of top scholars in the field.

I have the impression from the reports of last year's Conference of College Physics that this is an area of activity which would be endorsed by that group as a means of emphasizing the cultural aspects of physics. My own feeling is that a co-ordinated project along the lines outlined is well worth doing, if people like Dr. Holton are involved. The archival aspect of the project represents a new activity as far as the Foundation is concerned but at this point I can se no reason why this would not lie within our purview.

When the planning has progressed to the point of developing a proposal we would be interested in having a look at it. We appreciate having the opportunity to comment on your ideas in this field.

Sincerely yours,
Harry C. Kelly
Associate Director (Educational and International Activities)
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 30/07/2026
A comparative study in cartographic quality
A screenshot of a pair of adjacent Bluesky posts. The first is from Robert McNees, showing Marie Tharp's exquisite maps of the seafloor; the bottom is Josh Marshall quote-posting Eric Geller showing a US government presentation showing a map of Africa with completely mislabeled countries.
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 29/07/2026
The Seventh AIP Early-Career Conference for Historians of the Physical Sciences will take place in Toronto, Canada, June 21-25, 2027. Supplementary travel funding provided. The call for submissions is now open and closes November 15. Details here: www.aip.org/history/earl...
Toronto skyline
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 17/07/2026
Weaver's one of my favorite figures to research. You can pick up hints of his Carroll fascination in his writing.
The opening to Weaver's end of World War II report, "Comments on a General Theory of Air Warfare": From the first, it must be clearly emphasized that it is not the purpose of this chapter to present a general theory of air warfare; but rather to give some tentative, and very incomplete and preliminary, ideas of what such a theory could and should comprise; to give some of the arguments for and against attempting to construct and use such a theory; and to indicate how certain activities of the Applied Mathematics Panel and of other agencies relate to a scheme for a broader and more inclusive approach to the problems of air warfare (and of warfare in general).
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 30/06/2026
The semiannual AIP History Newsletter is done! @rebeccacharbon.bsky.social wrote the feature "Scenes from the Making of Astrophysics." Plus: introducing our postdoc Vince Femia and inaugural Helleman grant winners, updates from grant-in-aid recipients, and more! aip.brightspotcdn.com/7c/34/87c536...
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 16/06/2026
And when I say longstanding, I mean it. Creating a "source book in the history of modern physics" was literally point #1 in the Dec. 1, 1960 proposal that led to our establishment.
Two pages of dense typewritten text. The relevant section relating to the "Proposed Project" reads: "To prepare the manuscript of a source book in the history of modern physics in the United States, which would contain information about the nature and circumstances of the advance or discovery and about the apparatus used in the case of experimental work. The book would be similar in its approach to that of Carl Ramsauer's "Grundversuche der Physik in Historischer Darstellung."
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 24/05/2026
Just perusing an old issue of the Fermilab newsletter, as one does on an unseasonably cool Sunday, and ran across this wonderfully casual coverage of the November Revolution history.fnal.gov/criers/11-21...
A newsletter page dominated by coverage of local music events, with a "New Particle Discovery" announced in one paragraph at the bottom of the page.
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 07/05/2026
Poking around the Truman library photograph collections, I have discovered that first NSF director Alan Waterman knew how to party www.trumanlibrary.gov/photograph-r...
An older gentleman stands outside a white brick house, wearing blue slacks, a blue-checked shift, and glasses, and is playing the bagpipes
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 20/04/2026
DC friends! Registration is open for our last Lyne Starling Trimble public event of this spring: Dava Sobel Wednesday, May 27 "At Mme. Curie's Lab: Radioactivity and a Place for Women in Science" More details here: www.aip.org/history/dava...
Marie Curie, looking directly at the camera, her head is resting on her hand
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 20/04/2026
Now available: David DeVorkin's April 17 Trimble lecture, "The Quiet Genius of George Carruthers." David's among the most skilled and prolific historians of astronomy we have. He's been through some ill health, so it was extra wonderful to have him with us. www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CEh...
Video still showing David DeVorkin, holding a microphone behind a laptop, dressed in a salmon polo shirt with a bowtie. An overlay states 'David DeVorkin, Senior Curator Emeritus, National Air and Space Museum"
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 17/04/2026
I probably spend way too much time laboring over things like photo selection, but when you have a playground like AIP's Segrè collection it's irresistible. I've always thought young JRO has a Bob Dylan vibe, and this parallel was too good to pass up.
Robert Oppenheimer with a tall hairstyle, dressed in a suit, seated on a cars's sidestep next to a smiling woman (Anna Kramers). His eyes are fixed icily on the camera.The cover of Bob Dylan's Bringing It All Back Home album. He is seated on a couch glowering directly at the camera, surrounded by magazines. A woman (Sally Grossman) is reclining to the side of him, in a red dress holding a cigarette. Dylan's pose and demeanor are very similar to Oppenheimer's in the adjacent photo.
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 15/04/2026
Is it time?
The Spanish Inquisition! (from Monty Python)
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 14/04/2026
Like, seriously, maybe we shouldn't do this sort of thing within two weeks of introducing the concept of "pi" (itself introduced within a unit on the concept of proportional relationships). This is sixth grade, people.
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 11/04/2026
Today AIP Helleman Fellow, philosopher of physics Ruward Mulder at UC Irvine #HPS, paid us a visit while he's on a month-long visit with the HPS group at Pittsburgh. We found him some folks he could talk shop with, and we offered a quick tour of the AIP Niels Bohr Library & Archives.
Ruward Mulder sits at a conference table gesturing to a screen filled with complicated equations.Ruward Mulder stands smiling in front of a library stacks shelf full of physics books.
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 11/04/2026
A great week at AIP! Mid-week we celebrated three oral histories with Robert Oppenheimer opening to the public. With MIT's Dave Kaiser, biographer Kai Bird, and grandchildren Charles Oppenheimer and Dorothy Oppenheimer Vanderford. AIP archivist Allison Buser did amazing work on this initiative.
David Kaiser with a microphone. Seated next to him are Charles Oppenheimer, Kai Bird, and Dorothy Oppenheimer Vanderford.AIP archivist Allison Buser stands in front of a table of materials from the AIP Niels Bohr Library & Archives relating to Oppenheimer's life and work.
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 09/04/2026
If you'd like to *listen* to Thomas Kuhn interview Robert Oppenheimer, we've got you covered: repository.aip.org/node/151144 Audio quality is a little iffy, so you'll need the transcript: repository.aip.org/node/150787 More on this soon!
Kuhn: Good. You said that you found, in thinking about these things, that your memory on detail was not what it might have been and so forth. I’d just like to say, let’s get as much of that as we can, but I’d like you to think of one of the topics that interests us, no necessarily the primary one but one which is pretty obviously of a good deal of
importance; I think you can help with a lot and it’s not so dependent upon details of memory about technical papers. It is the whole subject of the development of physics in this country and the turning point with respect to theoretical physics that you come in so much with yourself.

Oppenheimer: I will do my best.
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 03/04/2026
Before nuking my Twitter account from orbit, I went in to rescue my old budget request reaction meme. Allegedly it was once spotted in a federal budget office.
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 01/04/2026
Time is a flat circle
The Ontology of the Enemy: Norbert Wiener and the Cybernetic Vision -- Peter Galison
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 01/04/2026
As much as I lament that we'll probably never see the "Cold War physics bubble" book, I am enjoying Dave's turn as a primordial-black-holes-as-dark-matter-candidate advocate. Truly a man of many talents.
"In a paper published in September in Physical Review Letters, Dr. Kaiser and Ms. Klipfel concluded that if primordial black holes were the explanation for long-sought dark matter, scientists should expect about 40 black-hole explosions to occur each year in every cubic light-year near the Milky Way.

They also calculated that one of those primordial black holes could have produced the Mediterranean neutrino if, by chance, it was closer to Earth than the averages would indicate — say, about 20 billion miles away, on the outskirts of the solar system in the Oort cloud."
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 13/03/2026
If you are in DC, one week from today the amazing Elise Crull from the CCNY philosophy department is doing an evening talk at AIP about Hertha Sponer and the role experimentalists played in the jump from electron diffraction to wave/particle duality. #HPS Register here: www.aip.org/history/elis...
A blurry picture of a young woman facing leftward, in a white lab uniform, facing an array of scientific equipment
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 06/03/2026
Many good lines from philosopher/physicist Abner Shimony, who really carried the torch for Bell's theorem from 1964 to '68. "The more I read it, the more brilliant it seemed. And I realized, ‘This is no kooky paper. This is something very great.’” More on Shimony: www.bu.edu/cphs/about/a...
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 04/03/2026
web.archive.org/web/20090219...
DiCaprio Once Upon a Time in Hollywood pointing with beer and cigarette in hand meme
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 02/03/2026
Just us at AIP in Washington, DC, on Friday, March 20, as we welcome philosopher and historian Elise Crull for our first Lyne Starling Trimble public event of the year: "Hertha Sponer and the Path from Electron Diffraction to Wave/Particle Duality" RSVP today: www.aip.org/history/elis...
A woman (Hertha Sponer) photographed in black and white, slightly blurry, weaking a white garment looking leftward at an experimental apparatus with wires, pipes, and glass bulbs.
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 27/02/2026
A subject of particular recent interest is the Wu-Shaknov experiment of 1949/50, which tested entanglement without (apparently) trying to. Its epistemological status vis-a-vis the later, better-known tests of Bell's theorem is something that deserves attention. Same with Kocher's '67 experiment.
A side by side image of Chien-Shiung Wu in the late 1950s, looking off to the side; and Irving Shaknov in uniform in Korea, standing with a local boy.
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 23/02/2026
This sent me to brush up on Einstein's "personality rights". These were litigated in the US in Hebrew University of Jerusalem v General Motors, wherein a CA judge ruled personality rights endure no more than 50 years after death. The case involved this pic: More info: cdas.com/einstein-pub...
Buff Einstein in ad with tagline "Ideas are sexy too"
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 19/02/2026
Well, he and his wife should indeed be better known for their translation of Agricola's De Re Metallica
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 14/02/2026
Here I feel it's worth pointing out that in opinion polls scientists have a 30-point trust advantage over journalists. While everyone has much to learn from everyone else, I want to hear much more about how journalists could learn about trust from scientists www.pewresearch.org/science/2023...
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 12/02/2026
HEP funding is another great chart. This is from DOE. Now, the SSC funding bump here was largely going to construction, but there were a lot of marooned physicists, and, anecdotally, many ended up on Wall Street.
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 11/02/2026
The AIP stats team has released its latest data of physics & astronomy PhD trends, with breakdown by gender. What is extraordinary to me is how clearly the overall trends exhibit an important gender dimension, and that that story is quite different between physics and astronomy.
Chart of Physics doctorates earned from 1978 to 2024, with a steady increase in the number of women but overarching trends closely tracking the number of men earning PhDsChart showing doctorates earned in astronomy from 1978 to 2024 with women making steady gains and closing in on parity, and an overarching increase in number of PhDs earned linked to the increasing numbers of women entering the field.
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 09/02/2026
Like, this isn't something everyone just has on some local hill??
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 09/02/2026
Having grown up a couple miles from a ski jump in Minnesota, I'm a little surprised to see that this was evidently some sort of regional strength? There's not much of it in the Rockies? www.washingtonpost.com/sports/olymp...
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 08/02/2026
I mean...
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 06/02/2026
My favorite thing about RHIC is it rose from the ashes when ISABELLE got sacrificed to move ahead with the ill-fated Superconducting Super Collider. Bob Crease wrote about this doi.org/10.1525/hsns... and I also did a piece called "Last Collider Standing". aip.brightspotcdn.com/62/12/6f9164...
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 18/01/2026
I don't condone it, but what do you expect, going outside in 10 degrees without a hat and a silly haircut, spouting off like that?
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 17/01/2026
Speaking as a Minnesotan, oh, gosh, yeah, that'll sting, for sure. www.nytimes.com/2026/01/17/u...
The influencer, Jake Lang, who was among the pardoned Jan. 6 rioters, was eventually chased into the lobby of a hotel by a throng of counterprotesters who threw water balloons at him when outside temperatures hovered around 10 degrees, prompting police officers to respond. Mr. Lang was seen with a trickle of blood on the back of his head before disappearing into the hotel. It was unclear how he suffered the injury.

The counterprotest, led by The People’s Action Coalition Against Trump, vastly outnumbered the people gathered by Mr. Lang for his March Against Minnesota Fraud. Mr. Lang had vowed to burn a Quran and march through a neighborhood with a heavy Somali population, but apparently did not follow through.

Demonstrators who had gathered in opposition to Mr. Lang also denounced Immigration and Customs Enforcement, holding signs that read “ICE Out of Minnesota.” They blasted music from the Disney musical “Frozen.”
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 16/01/2026
Sorely tempted
"$51.99 USD Paperback"
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 22/12/2025
The semiannual AIP History Newsletter is out! The feature article highlights a surge in scholarship around experiments on quantum entanglement. The topic is most associated with tests of Bell's theorem but the history predates and is broader than those efforts. aip.brightspotcdn.com/83/0f/cc825f...
A diagram of Carl Kocher's apparatus to test photon correlation, which John Clauser and Stuart Freedman later adapted for their test of Bell's theorem.
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 20/12/2025
“Well, in our country,” said Alice, still panting a little, “you’d generally get to somewhere else—if you ran very fast for a long time, as we’ve been doing.” “A slow sort of country!” said the Queen. “Now, here, you see, it takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place."
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 13/12/2025
AIP is hiring the next director of our FYI science policy news service. I worked on FYI 2016-2023. Mitch Ambrose is stepping aside as director after a full decade living the week-to-week of science policy. Believe me, it's a tough but satisfying #scipol job. workforcenow.adp.com/mascsr/defau...
Screenshot of the web promo for the latest FYI weekly newsletter, featuring the Pentagon
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 13/12/2025
By the way, I adore this chart. Even big cost increases don't necessarily doom projects, but delays can substantially reduce their scientific worth due to their displacement within the historical succession of complementary projects.
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 21/11/2025
We've squeezed in one last AIP Lyne Starling Trimble Public Event for 2025. Come to our DC location at 6pm on Wednesday, December 10 to catch David DeVorkin's lecture, "The Quiet Genius of George Carruthers." RSVP here: www.aip.org/history/davi...
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 28/10/2025
Sorry for going on about this, but it's fascinating. This is an interesting recollection from @preskill.bsky.social about Stu Freedman's early reaction to an early divergence from the results he got with John Clauser in '72. A wry remark? A nod to Bohm? 🤷https://repository.aip.org/node/129433
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 27/10/2025
I have about 10 pages on this in my book Rational Action, so I'm excited to see others who get how interesting they are!
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Will Thomas @williamthomas.bsky.social · 22/10/2025
On the Uncertainty Principle, I just now ran into this gem from Asher Peres's obituary: #HPS
His textbook Quantum Theory: Concepts and Methods (Kluwer Academic, 1993) is arguably the modern successor of John von Neumann’s book Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics (Princeton U. Press, 1955). The uncertainty principle, for which Asher had little use, is relegated to a single entry in the index that points to the same page of the index.
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