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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 11h

🌊🧪 The rivers feeding the saline lakes have chemical compositions reasonably similar to the average composition of those rivers feeding the sea. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 23h

🌊🧪 Evidence for these changes is found in the long borings made at over 500 sites on the ocean floor. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 16/10/2026

🌊🧪 We have shown that the amount of dissolved inorganic carbon in the sea was about 6% higher during glacial than during interglacial time and that the amount of water in which this carbon was dissolved was about 3.5% lower than today. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 15/10/2026

🌊🧪 One last point should be made about these five metals before going on. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 15/10/2026

🌊🧪 The paths by which these waters travel through the deep sea, although known in a general way, are not understood in detail. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 14/10/2026

🌊🧪 While we don't know the specifics of these processes the generalization must be valid. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 14/10/2026

🌊🧪 Unfortunate ly, samples collected for this purpose as part of the GEOSECS program were never analyzed. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 13/10/2026

🌊🧪 A tracer (some perfluorocarbon not currently present in nature) would be injected at a single point in the main thermocline. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 13/10/2026

🌊🧪 If we accept the C results at face value the reservoirs containing organic carbon must have been smaller during glacial time. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 12/10/2026

🌊🧪 For any given water in the deep sea, we can determine how much oxygen was utilized by subtracting the observed oxygen content from the saturation oxygen content. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 12/10/2026

🌊🧪 Although added to the environment over roughly the same time interval, the information obtained from individual anthropogenic tracers is not totally overlapping. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 11/10/2026

🌊🧪 The amount of all the dissolved gases in surface ocean water is controlled by their concentrations in the overlying atmosphere and by temperature. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 11/10/2026

🌊🧪 Because of the intensity of this process, invasion of O2 from the air does not have time to wipe out this deficiency. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 10/10/2026

🌊🧪 In this domain the entire column of Holocene sediment is being actively churned into the underlying glacial sediment! - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 10/10/2026

🌊🧪 The value of the exponent, n, depends on the nature of the solution process. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 09/10/2026

🌊🧪 In order to obtain a quantitative estimate of the rate of this renewal, the amount of CO2 lost to the atmosphere by equatorial surface waters and the rate of CO2 evasion to the atmosphere must also be known. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 09/10/2026

🌊🧪 Experiments in the deep sea circumvent the need to maintain all these properties. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 08/10/2026

🌊🧪 The similarity between the shapes of the two curves is to be expected, The processes which reduce the surface concentration of excess C must also reduce the concentration of natural radiocarbon. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 08/10/2026

🌊🧪 The missing Mg appears to replace iron which is removed from oxide or silicate minerals to form iron sulfide (a secondary mineral resulting from the conversion of SO₄²⁻ = ion to ion by anaerobic bacteria). - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 07/10/2026

🌊🧪 Particularly well shown is the cascade of new Denmark Straits overflow water along the bottom down into the abyssal western basin. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 07/10/2026

🌊🧪 A great many cations could conceivably contribute to this balance. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 06/10/2026

🌊🧪 The steeper the density gradient, the greater the amount of work against gravity required to mix the water! - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 06/10/2026

🌊🧪 Calcite accumulates on about 20% of the sea floor and dissolves from the other 80%. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 05/10/2026

🌊🧪 The mean residence time for bomb tritium atoms in the ocean at this time was 9.9 years. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 05/10/2026

🌊🧪 The residence time of material in this bioturbated layer ranges from about 3500 years for carbonate oozes to about 20,000 years for red clays. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 04/10/2026

🌊🧪 Before examining the reliability of AOU in separating the preformed contribution to the observed deep water concentrations of the various nutrient constituents, let us look at the disttribution of this property in the sea. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 04/10/2026

🌊🧪 Despite these difficulties attempts have been made to assess the average input rate of a larger number of elements to the sea. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 03/10/2026

🌊🧪 Since there is not enough time for complete mixing during the average lifetime of the C atom, the more "remote" parts of the system will have less C per unit of ordinary carbon than those 14 parts "closer" to the birthplace of the atoms. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 03/10/2026

🌊🧪 The likely explanation for this larger than expected deficiency is that the mineral celestite (SrSO₄²⁻) is produced by some organism living in surface waters. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 02/10/2026

🌊🧪 In any case, no one has found any measurable variations in isotopic composition which would prove useful in marine chemistry. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 02/10/2026

🌊🧪 Deep water masses are richer in the constituents utilized by plants than surface water is. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 01/10/2026

🌊🧪 Reversals in the polarity of the earth's magnetic field are recorded in deep sea sediments. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 01/10/2026

🌊🧪 The hints with regard to the pathways followed by water ventilating the thermocline obtained from bomb C and bomb SuperscriptH must be tested through the use of other data. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 30/09/2026

🌊🧪 CO2 is being added to the atmosphere at a stupendous rate by the combustion of fossil fuels. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 30/09/2026

🌊🧪 Other disciplines have little firm evidence to offer in answer to these questions. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 29/09/2026

🌊🧪 For the hydrogen deuterium pair this difference is very large (i.e., (2 1)/1). - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 29/09/2026

🌊🧪 During winter months, water which has upwelled from the deep circumpolar current to the surface in the Weddell Sea is cooled by contact with the air and made more saline by the formation of sea ice. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 28/09/2026

🌊🧪 We must conclude at this point that while the two box and the 1 D advection diffusion models constitute important preliminary steps in understanding what goes on in the ocean, neither is adequate. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 28/09/2026

🌊🧪 The situation is, however, quite different because of low accumulation rates in this domain. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 27/09/2026

🌊🧪 Based on results from the northwestern Atlantic, Worthington of Woods Hole Oceanographic estimates a flux of about 12 Sverdrups of new North Atlantic Deep Water (i.e., of northern component water). - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 27/09/2026

🌊🧪 In this analysis an equation is generated relating present day surface ocean temperatures to the microorganism abundances in core top samples from throughout a major ocean basin. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 26/09/2026

🌊🧪 Unfortunately, volcanic ashes in deep sea sediments are quite rare, so the potassium argon method does not prove to be very profitable for the direct dating of sediments. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 26/09/2026

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 25/09/2026

🌊🧪 The northern waters are considerably less salty than the southern. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 25/09/2026

🌊🧪 We have assumed this dependence to be first order (i.e., the percentage increase in solution rate is equal to the percentage reduction in carbonate ion content of deep water). - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 24/09/2026

🌊🧪 We make this point because a substantial amount of radiocarbon was produced during these tests. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 24/09/2026

🌊🧪 To get at the horizontal advective transports, the physical oceanographer uses a theoretical argument which relates the flow of water to the tilt of horizons of constant pressure. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 23/09/2026

🌊🧪 If the composition of marine organic material is nearly constant then the surface water residuals for these elements should be nearly the same from place to place in the warm surface ocean. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 23/09/2026

🌊🧪 Particularly well shown is the cascade of new Denmark Straits overflow water along the bottom down into the abyssal western basin. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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Out of Context Tracers in the Sea @tracers-in-the-sea.bsky.social · 22/09/2026

🌊🧪 As none of the input rates are known to better than 20% these minor differences are not significant. - Broecker and Peng (1982), Tracers in the Sea

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