iiinova — where your digital self keeps evolving

Toby Penner

@tobypenner.com

CS at Middlebury, ML for self-driving at comma.ai this summer. Recently, I've taught robots to play tag and visualized all of Wikipedia. tobypenner.com

Posts Replies Media

Toby Penner @tobypenner.com · 02/06/2026

Happy to answer any questions and please give suggestions on UI improvements!

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Toby Penner @tobypenner.com · 02/06/2026

Everything is hosted on Cloudflare. Tiles are stored on R2 with a worker in front for caching. Search and shortest-path finding are served through that same worker and backed by Cloudflare Containers. @cloudflare.social @cloudflare-dev.bsky.social

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Toby Penner @tobypenner.com · 02/06/2026

Search and shortest-path finding are driven from a Rust axum backend. Search uses Tantivy over articles' titles and their redirects + PageRank. Shortest-path finding is a bidirectional BFS. @fulmicoton.bsky.social @carllerche.com

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Toby Penner @tobypenner.com · 02/06/2026

The frontend is React + deck.gl. Many web mapping libraries are built so specifically for the Earth and Web Mercator that it's difficult to use them for (simpler) visualizations like this. deck.gl handles cartesian coordinates natively and was really nice to use here. @openjsf.org

deck.gl

Home | deck.gl

deck.gl

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Toby Penner @tobypenner.com · 02/06/2026

I rendered 12 zoom levels of 1024 pixel square raster tiles using Skia and matching JSON metadata tiles with page names, statistics, links, etc. Tiles were packed into the awesome PMTiles format. @protomaps.com @bdon.org

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Toby Penner @tobypenner.com · 02/06/2026

I extracted 221 million links from the 24.5 GB compressed May 2026 English Wikipedia dump. On this directed graph, I ran cuGraph's ForceAtlas2, PageRank, and Leiden clustering algorithms to find page nodes' position, size, and color. @wikipedia.org @jameslamb.bsky.social @jacomyma.bsky.social

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Toby Penner @tobypenner.com · 02/06/2026

Any two of the 7.1 million English Wikipedia pages are only a few clicks apart. I created Wikigraph, an interactive map of all of English Wikipedia. You can explore, search, and find the shortest path between any two articles. tobypenner.com/wikigraph #dataviz #wikipedia #webdev

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