Sign in

Tom Stepleton

@stepleton.bsky.social
1.7K followers 104 following 182 posts

AI research engineer, glider pilot. Apple Lisa power user. @stepleton@oldbytes.space on Mastodon. Most of my posts will be about old computers; occasionally I'll mention flying.

PostsRepliesMedia
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 26/07/2026
Last week at #EMFcamp I gave a talk about the nothing-like-it-on-earth RSRE Flex operating system for #PERQ workstations. I'm very happy with how it came out! For a challenge, watch at 2X: media.ccc.de/v/emf2026-91...
media.ccc.de
RSRE Flex: reviving an innovative, remarkably odd British operating system that almost nobody knows about
1980: Royal Signals and Radar Establishment researchers realise Flex, a mould-breaking, comprehensively alternative vision of computing. ...
073
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 17/07/2026
Saturday 16:30 at #emfcamp Stage B: a talk I've been looking forward to giving for over a year. It's ambitious but if I pull it off I think it'll be a lot of fun. I want it to be a treat for computer history, OS, and programming language buffs, and for everyone else too!
Part of the cover page for Foster et al.'s "An Introduction to the FLEX Computer System". My talk title is superimposed on top: "RSRE Flex: reviving an innovative, remarkably odd British operating system
that almost nobody knows about"
010
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 11/07/2026
Hello! Next Saturday at 4:30 PM, I'll speak at #EMFcamp Stage B on the obscure, innovative, unusual Flex computing environment for #PERQ workstations. (Demo included!) Fitting everything into a half-hour will be tough: expect fast talking, big gestures, and maybe a bell or gong to mark chapters...
Login splash screen for the RSRE Flex computing environment. The Flex logo is shown alongside "Evaluation Kit"; additional text shows a crown copyright notice, a solicitation of feedback, and basic instructions.
1112
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 29/05/2026
Belated announcement: this weekend I will be at https:// retrofest.uk with my #PERQ 2T2 graphical workstation from 1984, which (after months of troubleshooting, which I promise to describe someday) appears to have been working just now. I've successfully booted:
retrofest.uk
RetroFest UK - 2026
291
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 26/05/2026
Ah, the English springtime tradition of cutting out bits of metallised mylar space blanket and taping it over the window panes (In my experience it does help with sunny heat, especially for skylights!)
110
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 20/05/2026
Please join me in praying that nothing else fails before the show. RetroFest 2026, Swindon, 30-31 May. You *might* see a working PERQ 2T2 there.
A bare window on a spare 1980s graphical interface bearing the message "hello retrofest 2026"
040
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 20/05/2026
EIO board U48 CPU board U134 🎯
Two DIP IC packages sitting on a blue anti-static mat. The 20-pin device is a 74S225 16x5 FIFO and the 16-pin device is an AM25S10 4-bit shifter. Both have big Xs written on them in yellow paint pen.
020
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 20/05/2026
Patio. Rhymes with "ratio."
010
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 14/04/2026
45 days until #RetroFest 2026 in Swindon. #PERQ status: - Flaky Z80-based I/O subsystem: sometimes the #Z80 jumps off the tracks and executes nonsense code - Disk boots fail: the microcode attempts to load blocks far beyond the end of the disk Trying today: DIY diagnostic microcode
A still from a video on the Technology Connections YouTube channel. The presenter Alec is sitting at his usual desk with a device that makes the bell noise heard at American railway crossings. The closed caption visible on screen says "But almost anything can be fixed if you're patient enough."
050
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 11/04/2026
POV: #PERQ hardware debugging, as usual. The #Z80 (serving as an I/O coprocessor) is behaving strangely: fetching instruction bytes without toggling the M1 pin, jumping to random locations at around 47uS after coming out of reset; what's going on here? RetroFest in six weeks or so...
A hardware debugging scene: from left to right, a Tektronix TLA714 logic analyser (a big squat box with an LCD computer display), a PERQ 2T2 workstation with the covers off and the EIO board jutting out from the front (I'm using bus extenders for easier access to the ICs), and an oscilloscope. Wires snake everywhere to connect the test equipment to the guts of the ailing PERQ.
081
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 04/04/2026
Developing technique for "disk baking". The box is a filament dryer for 3-D printing, and the disk "bakes" inside at 55 °C for six hours in an attempt to stabilise the degraded binder that holds the magnetic oxide to the PET substrate.
An 8" floppy disk rides "hammock-style" on a pair of wires slung inside of a smoked perspex box with a backlit indicator panel.
110
Reposted by Tom Stepleton
Crashed @crashedfiesta.bsky.social · 03/04/2026
I struggled with vi on the Torch. There's only one thing to do. Compile uemacs on the Torch. In the process of modifying the code to K&R formats I've started to like vi, rendering this task pointless. But now I've started I need to to see if uemacs will work. Why do I do these things to myself?
A picture of an attempt to compile uemacs on the Torch Triple X. The file named fileio.c has generated a number of errors.
161
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 16/03/2026
You want: a regular #Ethernet MAU to plug into an AUI port You have: a MAU that only works with Apple's weird AAUI port No problem! Here's an adaptor: codeberg.org/stepleton/aa...
Two Farallon EtherMac 10BASE-T MAUs with their AAUI connectors plugged into small circuit boards with AUI plug connectors. These circuit boards are the AAUI-to-AUI adaptors described by the project linked in this post.
021
Reposted by Tom Stepleton
peteronion.bsky.social @peteronion.bsky.social · 11/03/2026
This is the manual for the Elliott 803 library subroutine D2. It was implementing this sorting algorithm in 803 machine code that lead to Tony Hoare suggesting to his boss that he had a better algorithm, which turned out to be quicksort.
141
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 10/03/2026
@adriansdigitalbasement.com I have the same Astec AT PSU as you. Mine has a power-on voltage pulse so high that it immediately shuts itself down. But if you temporarily disable the voltage protection by tampering with the optoisolator, it regulates itself quite well once it has got started.
100
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 21/02/2026
Do you have 5.25" and 8" floppy disks that are spare, low-quality, degrading, or just generally in bad shape? I'd like to take my floppy disk data recovery game to the next level. I have equipment, but there's no substitute for experience.
A trio of floppy disks: a big 8" disk, a fairly ordinary 5.25" disk for PCs, and an Apple FileWare (aka Twiggy) disk.
695
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 16/02/2026
Rudimentary bootloader @adriansdigitalbasement.com ? I think it's fairly sophisticated! 😀 codeberg.org/stepleton/ca... All hand-coded 68k asm down to the text display (the ROM only has routines for UPPERCASE). Congrats on progress, it's been a blast to watch. PS: hit backspace during screensaver
codeberg.org
220
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 01/01/2026
PSA for Jan 1: www.fvap.gov remains a fine way for US citizens living outside of the US to request an absentee ballot without winding up on somebody's mailing list.
fvap.gov
Americans can vote. Wherever they are.
Ensuring Service members, their eligible family members and overseas citizens can vote -- from anywhere in the world.
010
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 28/12/2025
How I got an Apple Lisa to play audio samples: lisalist2.com/index.php/to... An extension of this technique: www.youtube.com/watch?v=3SlR... using a method also speculated by Adam Podstawczyński forgottencomputer.com/retro/sound/...
lisalist2.com
Some disk images for Lisa 1 and Lisa 2/5 systems
Some disk images for Lisa 1 and Lisa 2/5 systems
020
Reposted by Tom Stepleton
Andrew McPherson @apmcpherson.bsky.social · 19/12/2025
I'm recruiting a PhD student for autumn 2026 on a project on accessibility in musical instrument design, in partnership with disability arts charities OHMI and Drake Music. Application deadline 15 February 2026. More info and contact details: liss-dtp.ac.uk/project/inst...
liss-dtp.ac.uk
Instrument design by and for disabled musicians: the roles of technical discourse and vernacular creativity - LISS DTP
PhD project summary: An estimated 16 million people in the UK live with a disability (DWP statistics 2023), of which 48% have mobility impairments and 25% have impaired dexterity. Traditional […]
1710
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 17/12/2025
Has anyone ever heard of a (UK?) journal called University Computing? Know where I could find archives? Long shot, but this paper could contain info that helps us open-source a remarkable operating system developed by the UK MoD in the 1970s and 1980s. Boosts appreciated!
Picture of a citation at the end of a paper. The citation says:

15. "Flex and the ICL Perq2" M.Stanley. University Computing Vol 8, No 2, Summer 1986.
152
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 13/12/2025
Oh dear, could this be in regard to oldbytes.space/@stepleton/1...? I'd never say lithiums don't leak (I've seen enough Maxells and Tadirans to know better), but I still quest to find a BR-2/3A cell that has. It's the only exception, so I ask out of disbelief. Or was a better world always possible?
oldbytes.space
Tom Stepleton (@stepleton@oldbytes.space)
@vga256@tomodori.net I never dared to wedge the CR123A into my battery holder. Meanwhile, I maintain my common observation that literally nobody has ever seen a yellow Panasonic BR-2/3A battery leak....
000
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 18/11/2025
@breakintoprogram.co.uk so the problem with my Spectrum+ was the Z80, it turns out. The address bus was stone dead, +0V on all sixteen lines. Subbing in the CPU from my Jupiter Ace got it going; a replacement is now on order. Thanks for the chat on Sunday!
The display from a broken Sinclair ZX Spectrum+ computer: inside a thick green border, eight alternating black and white vertical bands with a few small, coloured squares arranged on the left-hand side.
240
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 29/09/2025
Just in time for #PERQtober ! An adapter to replace your missing or broken #PERQ T2 landscape monitor with a VGA display: codeberg.org/stepleton/pe... Thanks to @skeezicsb@oldbytes.space for early advice.
A circuit board with two DIP ICs and some passive components connects a VGA cable and two DIN-5 cables (top) to a DIN-4 cable, a DA-15-terminated ribbon cable, and a 75-ohm coaxial cable (bottom). The bottom cables go to a PERQ T2 workstation; the top cables go to mouse, keyboard, and display.
020
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 26/08/2025
The Olivetti Programma P203 (1967) uses a circuit construction technique known as "transistor jail" (or "cordwood" [1]. Seen at [2].) [1] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printed... [2] www.thecomputerchurch.org
030
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 20/06/2025
Wheeling Airglow (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airglow... ) out to the runway at the British Human Powered Flying Club's 2025 Icarus Cup event, Lasham Airfield, Hampshire.
A group of people walk a slender aircraft with long wings down a tarmac taxiway, all silhouetted by the rising sun ahead of them. A shallow mist rises off of the airfield's grass surface.
020
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 04/06/2025
Happy Pride #rc2014
An assembled RC2014 Zed Pro modular Z80 hobby computer, which comprises a backplane about the size of a paperback book with playing-card sized component circuit boards plugged into it vertically. This particular Zed Pro is the limited-edition Pride kit, where the component boards are coloured so that they form a rainbow when arranged in the backplane.

The computer rests in the hands that assembled it, which here are sporting some fairly long, blue-varnished fingernails. All of the electronic components, including dozens of resistors, headers, and IC sockets, were placed and soldered with the fingers and fingernails shown.
060
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 20/05/2025
#Smalltalk -80 on #PERQ --- Mario Wolczko's implementation (www.wolczko.com/st80/) running with maybe some gremlins still to sort out.
A monochrome graphical display from an old computer workstation. In a large window at the centre of the display, a Smalltalk-80 session can be seen, with a browser window partially occluded by a System Transcript and a System Workspace window.
041
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 13/05/2025
#PERQ PNX 5.03 manual pages at mg-1.uk/pnxman/pnxma... . The most interesting ones don't render very well with my hacked copy of a roff-in-JS "typesetter", but some interesting nuggets are there to reward persistence.
mg-1.uk
PNX 5.03 manual pages
010
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 08/05/2025
Grab your ear defenders, it's time to see the exciting features of 1986's PNX 5.03, the Unix for the #PERQ 2 workstation! Skip to 2:10 to bypass booting and go straight to the non-X11 graphics action! www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZRo...
youtube.com
PNX 5.03 reboot and demonstration on a PERQ 2T2
YouTube video by stepleton
020
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 23/04/2025
OK, so the #PERQ 2T2's disk system will work if: * you let it warm up for a bit * you have the logic analyser attached to U9 on the EIO board * ...and running
Splayed out on a wooden floor: a covers off, partially-disembowled PERQ 2T2 under-desk workstation computer. Wires snaking out of the PERQ attach to a solderless breadboard which is then attached by a sheaf of probe leads to an old Tektronix logic analyser nearby. It looks a mess but atop it all is a 19" monitor showing video coming out of the PERQ. The machine is running and shows the diagnostic code 255 on a 7-segment display.
120
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 22/03/2025
Say, would anyone like to answer a newbie's gpg question? security.stackexchange.com/questions/28...
000
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 10/03/2025
The EC2 instance is terminated and the AWS account cancelled. The site no longer links to larger files on Google Drive. Continuing to pull away from larger tech firms...
060
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 25/02/2025
This is pretty funny to, like, maybe three people on Earth.
Top, the Inmos logo: the word Inmos to the right of a black circle with a grid of white squares inside. It's meant to recall a silicon wafer full of integrated circuit dies. Inmos was a legendary British semiconductor manufacturer who invented the transputer architecture, an innovative also-ran.

Bottom: the logo for Imo's Pizza (an infamous St. Louis chain) next to an image of a circular pizza cut into squares, as Imo's does.
680
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 23/02/2025
If you transport something that sorted right, speak of a six one one member contact to see staff or police the sea. We'll sort on it. Doesn't say it, zero six it, look British.
010
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 31/01/2025
Question for email self-hosters: what do you do with two email servers? Plenty of self-hosting docs say what to do with one, but what are some common small-site configurations for people who like two MX entries for their domain? It seems like it could make things more dependable, but in what form?
140
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 28/01/2025
I post what from This is .
A fraudulent Jupiter ACE 4000 and Jupiter ACE 4000 manual: it's actually a regular Jupiter ACE in an ACE 4000 case. Both the ACE and the ACE 4000 were inexpensive, book-sized home computers that used the Forth programming language instead of BASIC. Forth uses a postfix (aka "reverse Polish") notation, which is the joke behind the strange word order in the post.
2120
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 04/01/2025
Had a Great Clown Pagliacci moment after searching "depraz mouse manual" and turning up www.tuhs.org/pipermail/tu...
tuhs.org
[TUHS] Depraz/Logitech Digimouse manual
040
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 27/12/2024
After learning the true meaning of "we're not doing presents this Christmas", it was off to the makerspace to hastily laser-engrave and laser-cut jigsaw puzzles for everyone.
A parody clone of the cover of a Ravensburger puzzle box, advertising a "Laserburger Puzzle" with "up to 570" pieces and "Crummy Laserburger Qualtiy [sic]". The puzzle claims to have "Arduousclick Technology", referencing the "Softclick Technology" of actual Ravensburger puzzles. The puzzle itself appears to be a halftone image of a bunch of potatoes, and helpfully the original potato image appears at the bottom of the box art alongside the text "it is potates".
1232
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 21/12/2024
About a month ago I fixed the mouse on my circa-1983 #PERQ 2T2 computer: a key feature for an early graphical workstation. It was a wild troubleshooting journey --- in the end, there was nothing wrong with the mouse itself. You might not believe what it was...
An electronics workbench with a PERQ 2T2 computer resting atop it: its system unit is not quite as large as the kind of refrigerator that fits beneath a desk. Most of its covers are removed. Highlighted in the image is the PERQ's three-button mouse. Text on the image says, "Issue: mouse not functioning, other peripherals seem to work ok".
180
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 12/12/2024
I'm running low on tractor-feed paper. There's barely enough to make this year's greeting cards!
Close-up of an Apple Lisa computer's display as the LisaDraw program sends a festive card design with a Christmas tree to a dot-matrix printer. The Lisa's print dialogue is verbose. It tells the user that print spooling is available: that is, the user can dismiss the dialogue and do other work while printing continues. But it also points out that if the user does this and then at some point "hear[s] a whistle", they should reopen the print dialogue. (The Lisa's "whistle" is a rising bloopy sound that the Lisa makes if printer trouble occurs, like running out of paper. I only know early versions of the Lisa Office System to make this sound.)
0391
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 09/12/2024
Proparoxytone! Obtained in pharmacies and restaurants. Measured in Jupiter's atmosphere; in the Indian but not Atlantic or Pacific oceans. Available in quantity, produced by electricity, also chemical processes and mystical rituals. Proparoxytone: it's not for you or me but it's right for everyone.
020
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 25/11/2024
Fixing 40-year-old #PERQ computers eats notebooks! It was working, now it won't talk to the hard drive. After probing three interface boards on the bench, I now think the problem lies elsewhere...
A notebook with dense, tabular notes in fine writing is propped up by an oscilloscope resting atop a PERQ computer system unit. At the bottom, the PERQ's diagnostic numeric display reads 014, which means the computer couldn't boot from the hard disk.
150
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 11/11/2024
Greetings new followers, I'm glad you're here! As a periodic reminder and despite my day job, this account remains essentially dedicated to OLD COMPUTERS and OLD COMPUTER ACCESSORIES. Stay tuned for a thrilling post about dropout as it pertains inadvertently to executable code for a Z80 processor.
The cartoon character Hank Hill from the TV show King of the Hill gives a wary eye to a desktop PC with a CRT monitor perched atop.
040
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 01/11/2024
It’s just turned November here — that wraps up #RetroChallenge 2024! I dedicated my month to reviving an early 1980s #PERQ 2T2 (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PERQ) graphical workstation. Let me show you how far I got… 🧵
A PERQ 2T2 system unit with its covers off. The machine is operating and a 3-digit LED readout at top right says 999. Circuit boards with ribbon cables exiting are visible; so is a Gotek floppy drive emulator. At right, the PERQ keyboard (taking layout cues from the VT100 keyboard) and behind it a LCD monitor showing black text on a mostly-blank white background.
171
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 31/10/2024
Hi new bsky followers --- so I did warn that this account mainly posts things about unusual old computers. Hang on because before long you'll see if this is the kind of thing you want in your timeline...
130
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 28/10/2024
I appreciate folks following me who are interested in what I do at my day job! But posts you'll find from me are mainly about fixing+operating some really unusual old computers. If I do it right it may still be interesting... I post a little bit more on Mastodon: oldbytes.space/@stepleton
A Tektronix 136-channel logic analyser with probe wires snaking over to a PERQ 2T2 graphical workstation with its covers off in the background. The PERQ is quite the repair challenge!
030
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 27/10/2024
Folks, the #RetroChallenge #PERQ's video corruption is so weird: besides odd letterforms, it's invented new ligatures (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligatur... ).`i` looks like `i|` and blanks part of the next letter. `y` or `y¦` does less blanking but NOT for the letter `o`, or `ϕ`. There are others!
A grid of letters on the PERQ 2T2 video display: odd columns count up through the alphabet of lower-case letters, while even columns are the same letter, which counts up through the alphabet on successive rows. For the alphabet `abc`, this would be:
aabaca
abbbcb
acbccc
The letters are corrupted in various ways, usually involving the addition or removal of vertical lines. Inset boxes show the corruption described in the post up close.
020
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 27/10/2024
We get signal! The #RetroChallenge #PERQ successfully mimics VESA(-ish) 1280x1024, thanks to a 74LS123. And we can boot an OS (see en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PERQ#Op...), PNX 5, from a floppy. Big bugs remain: display artefacts; POS still hangs...
An LCD monitor showing black-on-white text that says:

System: PNX
Version: 5
Level: BOOT
Microcode: 5L16.5.2
Bootstrap: 3.0
User Memory: 1787392 bytes
International Computers Ltd. (c) 1985
type date in form : 4 nov 5:20 or nov 4/5:20 or 11040520 etc.
use two digit numbers (or field separators) in day, hours, mins order

set the date (dd mmm hh mm) :

There are display artefacts: letters are troubled by entire columns of pixels turned white or black, and the screen itself has many vertical "pinstripes" made of evenly-spaced small dots.
010
Tom Stepleton @stepleton.bsky.social · 26/10/2024
Say you want to turn the #PERQ HSYNC and PERQ VSYNC signals shown into the VGA HSYNC and VGA VSYNC signals. (TTL levels.) How do you do it? 74LS123 has been proposed; could try a small PIC but I haven't programmed a PIC before. #electronics #RetroChallenge sidequest.
A notebook paper with a table of signal timings and signal diagrams. The active-high signal called VGA VSYNC starts 16us after the signal called PERQ VSYNC and lasts for only 47us (PERQ VSYNC goes on for much longer). Meanwhile, the active-high signal called VGA HSYNC starts 0.29us after the signal called PERQ HSYNC and lasts for 1.04us (the PERQ HSYNC signal goes low before that).
000