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Stefan Pöhlmann

@snpoehlm.bsky.social
1.5K followers 1.8K following 988 posts

Viruses & Proteases, Head of Infection Biology Unit, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, @primatenzentrum.bsky.social, Decoding viral entry, Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants, linktr.ee/snpoehlm, Views are my own

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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 29/09/2026
New sequences from Japan and South Korea, collected from July through September. BA.3.2 is still circulating at significant levels, accounting for 65% and 28% of sequences, respectively. #BA32
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 26/09/2026
We previously found that #BA32 preferentially infects children aged 0-9 years. Our analyses focused on Europe, North America, Asia, and Australia, where the median population age is substantially higher than in Africa.
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 25/09/2026
My final update for today: 9 new PJ.2.1 sequences: 🇺🇸 7 from the US 🇪🇸 2 from Spain At first glance, no new A475V cases - but @ryanhisner.bsky.social might well correct me here.
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 25/09/2026
Genome project opens the next chapter for studying bat evolution www.nature.com/articles/d41...
nature.com
Genome project opens the next chapter for studying bat evolution
A landmark collection of bat genomes reveals fresh clues about the evolution of one of the world’s most unusual groups of mammals.
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 25/09/2026
4 out of 50 new sequences from Syracuse, NY, USA, are PJ.2.1 #PJ21 Patients are in age groups 0-9 and 65+
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 25/09/2026
One new PJ.2.1 from Spain 🇪🇸 The sample was collected from a one-month-old, non-hospitalized male in Vitoria-Gasteiz, northern Spain. Among 90 newly submitted sequences - many collected in September - only one was PJ.2.1. Its spread may therefore be less robust than initially persumed. #PJ21
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 24/09/2026
🦠 SARS-CoV-2 SURVEILLANCE RESOURCES AROUND THE WORLD An updated collection of useful dashboards and websites for tracking COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 variants and wastewater surveillance. Bookmark/share. 🧵
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 24/09/2026
4 new PJ.2.1 sequences from Ontario, Canada.
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 23/09/2026
🧪Where is SARS-CoV-2 circulating? Below is a collection of useful surveillance sites from around the world - wastewater, genomic and respiratory-virus data - that may help you assess virus circulation in your area and make informed decisions about protection.
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 23/09/2026
Historic Papers in Virology - Today, 22 years ago, Mortuza and colleagues reported the structure of a retroviral capsid hexamer from N-tropic murine leukaemia virus.
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 22/09/2026
New PJ.2.1 sequences from Spain 🇪🇸 Roughly 9% of sequences from Spain collected in September are PJ.2.1 Roughly 15% of sequences from Spain submitted since September 15 are PJ.2.1 #PJ21
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 22/09/2026
New PJ.2.1 sequences from Spain 🇪🇸 Roughly 7% of sequences from Spain collected in September are PJ.2.1 Roughly 15% of sequences from Spain submitted since September 15 are PJ.2.1 #PJ21
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 20/09/2026
White House Moves to Take Control of N.I.H. Grants www.nytimes.com/2026/09/20/s...
nytimes.com
White House Moves to Take Control of N.I.H. Grants
Federal officials are drafting an executive order that would place grants under review by an outside panel, the latest effort to redirect billions of dollars in research spending.
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 17/09/2026
The spread of PJ.2.1 in Spain 🇪🇸 raises an obvious question: What about the rest of Europe? The answer: We largely don’t know. Of 886 SARS-CoV-2 sequences collected in Europe since July 1 and submitted to GISAID, 671 are from Spain. Much of the rest of Europe has gone dark on genomic surveillance.
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 17/09/2026
🧪6 new PJ.2.1 sequences from Spain 🇪🇸 Most patients were aged 55+, as expected. Two were hospitalized. 📍 4 — San Sebastián 📍 1 — Madrid 📍 1 — Bilbao PJ.2.1 is likely circulating more broadly, but only 6 of 141 samples were PJ.2.1, suggesting it is not yet dominant. #PJ21
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 16/09/2026
Tracking emerging variants such as PJ.2.1 has become increasingly difficult as sequencing activity has declined. This decline reflects shifting public health priorities and financial constraints.
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 16/09/2026
A new PJ.2.1 detection in Murcia, Spain 🇪🇸.
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 16/09/2026
PJ.2.1 might already be circulating in Germany
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Reposted by Stefan Pöhlmann
Ryan Hisner @ryanhisner.bsky.social · 15/09/2026
As @siamosolocani.bsky.social points out, @solidevidence.bsky.social's wastewater variant dashboard makes it clear that PJ.2.1 is the fastest-growing lineage in the US. I've inserted arrows pointing to some of the PJ.2.1 mutations. The farther above the dotted diagonal line, the faster the growth.
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 14/09/2026
More PJ.2.1 - based on sequence retrieval from GISAID and sequence analysis in Nextclade, a total of 8 new sequences were deposited today, 6 from the US 🇺🇸, 2 from Spain 🇪🇸.
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 14/09/2026
Two new PJ.2.1 sequences today, one from Maryland, USA 🇺🇸, and one from Catalunya, Spain 🇪🇸. #PJ21
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Reposted by Stefan Pöhlmann
Federico Gueli @siamosolocani.bsky.social · 11/09/2026
Another new thing, (easily it could be nothing), that may seem related to kids/young kids immunity (but more likely to population/geographic factors), to watch: github.com/sars-cov-2-v... cc @snpoehlm.bsky.social
github.com
XFG.7 (N:K65I/Orf9b:N62Y) with Orf1b:K999N suddenly become dominant in Sao Gabriel da Cachoeira-Amazonas (17, Brazil AM PA)) · Issue #3559 · sars-cov-2-variants/lineage-proposals
XFG.7 was considered dead since many months. After a few samples from Para Brazil , it suddenly became dominant in Amazonas, but due a specific cluster in Sao Gabriel da Cachoeira, the so called Ca...
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 10/09/2026
🧪5 new PJ.2.1 sequences from Spain reported yesterday. PJ.2.1 is a SARS-CoV-2 saltation variant first highlighted by @ryanhisner.bsky.social that now appears to be spreading internationally. Here is a thread on the emergence of PJ.2.1 and its potential implications.
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Solid Evidence @solidevidence.bsky.social · 10/09/2026
I picked up a carton of milk from the store this week that had H5N1 influenza in it. >150 million copies/liter! Thankfully, it was safe to drink because the milk was pasteurized, so I’m not saying what brand. Takehome: DON’T DRINK RAW MILK.
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 10/09/2026
A new H3N2 flu variant, subclade K, emerged in 2025 and spread widely. Our study shows that a single HA mutation (A186D) helps the virus enter some cells more efficiently AND evade antibodies.
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 06/09/2026
Inside the D.O.J.’s Investigation of Fauci and Other Virus Scientists www.nytimes.com/2026/09/05/h...
nytimes.com
Inside the D.O.J.’s Investigation of Fauci and Other Virus Scientists
As Dr. Anthony Fauci has faced public scrutiny from congressional Republicans, the D.O.J. has pursued a quieter and more expansive effort against a wider circle of researchers.
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 05/09/2026
40 new sequences collected in August confirm that BA.3.2 dominance in South Korea has ended. Less than 10% of the sequences are BA.3.2, XDV subvariants are now dominating. #BA32
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Federico Gueli @siamosolocani.bsky.social · 03/09/2026
PJ.2.1 found in Wastewaters in Austria at low levels: abwasser.ages.at/de/#SARSCOV2
abwasser.ages.at
Abwasser Monitoring
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 03/09/2026
Based on a recent small sample, BA.3.2 frequency in Osaka, Japan, remained high in July 2026. Across Japan, BA.3.2 still accounted for ~70% of sequences in July and August. The expected shift towards other variants therefore appears to be occurring more slowly than one might have expected.
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 02/09/2026
Neue Sequenzen aus Deutschland 🇩🇪, gesammelt im Juli und August: 🦠 XFG-Subvarianten (vor allem RV*) dominieren. 🥈 XDV-Subvarianten folgen auf Platz zwei. 📈 Die Viruslast im Abwasser steigt.
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 02/09/2026
New sequences from Germany 🇩🇪, collected July and August. 🦠 XFG subvariants (mainly RV*) are dominating. 🥈 XDV subvariants are the runners-up. 📈 Wastewater levels are increasing.
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Ryan Hisner @ryanhisner.bsky.social · 02/09/2026
I've spent that past 2 weeks beating my head against the wall trying to wrangle the most incorrigibly unruly mutation type of all—insertions. I'm sure I'll find some more fine-tuning to do, but I'm finally satisfied with the results and will share a quick summary of them in this 🧵. 1/13
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Federico Gueli @siamosolocani.bsky.social · 01/09/2026
four more PJ..2.1 found in California (new place) where it is SW.2.1 leading with >33% of prevalence. cc @ryanhisner.bsky.social @solidevidence.bsky.social
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 01/09/2026
Latest batch of sequences from Spain 🇪🇸, collected mainly in August, confirm that BA.3.2 frequency is very low. This may change when school restarts in the coming weeks. No new PJ.2.1 XFG subvariants dominate now. This is paralleled by an increase in COVID-19 related hospitalizations.
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 28/08/2026
PJ.2.1 seems to have arrived in Spain 🇪🇸 - EPI_ISL_20519781, collected August 18, within baseline surveillance Unfortunately, this saltation variant is moving with JN.1 and not with BA.3.2 speed.
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 27/08/2026
Canada Hires 48 Scholars Away From Top U.S. Universities www.nytimes.com/2026/08/27/w...
nytimes.com
Canada Hires U.S. Scholars From Harvard and Other Top Universities
A crackdown on American academia by the Trump administration has handed Canadian universities a rare opportunity to lure some top researchers north.
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 27/08/2026
F.D.A. Approves New Covid Vaccines, and They Should Be Available Soon www.nytimes.com/2026/08/27/w...
nytimes.com
What to Know About New Covid Vaccines for Fall 2026
The shots have been approved for people 65 and older, and for younger people with underlying conditions. Others may be able to get them off label.
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 27/08/2026
Malaria, Likely Spread by Mosquito on Plane, Kills 2 Airport Workers in Germany www.nytimes.com/2026/08/27/w...
nytimes.com
Malaria, Likely Spread by Mosquito on Plane, Kills 2 Airport Workers in Germany
Six employees at Frankfurt Airport were infected this summer, according to German health officials and the airport’s operator. Four recovered.
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 25/08/2026
🧪An exciting new preprint offers insights into how SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses can acquire cleavage motifs for the cellular protease furin. A thread on the importance of the furin motif in the SARS-CoV-2 spike and its possible origins.🧵
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Ryan Hisner @ryanhisner.bsky.social · 24/08/2026
Two PJ.2.1 just showed up in Singapore as well, so it's officially crossed both oceans.
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Federico Gueli @siamosolocani.bsky.social · 24/08/2026
New PJ.2.1 sample found in UK. Not on Gisaid, it is accesible on cov-spectrum. Collected on July 28. Cc @ryanhisner.bsky.social @solidevidence.bsky.social
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 24/08/2026
Der Eintritt in die endemische Phase verzögert sich wahrscheinlich.....
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 23/08/2026
Antibody evasion and receptor binding of SARS-CoV-2 variants PQ.16.1.1 and RK.1 - The Lancet Infectious Diseases www.thelancet.com/journals/lan...
thelancet.com
Antibody evasion and receptor binding of SARS-CoV-2 variants PQ.16.1.1 and RK.1
Since its rapid global spread beginning in late 2024, the SARS-CoV-2 variant NB.1.8.1 has progressively displaced older omicron variants, and has established near-total dominance in Asia.1–3 More rece...
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 21/08/2026
Rare South American Diseases Offer Clues on the Next Pandemic www.nytimes.com/2026/08/21/w...
nytimes.com
Rare South American Diseases Offer Clues on the Next Pandemic
Ebola virus, hantavirus and the pathogen that causes Covid-19 likely jumped from animals to humans. So do these viruses — and scientists say climate change is speeding their spread.
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 21/08/2026
5 of the 6 total sequences submitted from Zambia 🇿🇲from May to July 2026 are BA.3.2 (RE.2.4, BA.3.2.2.2.4) All patients are children, the average donor age is 4 years. Two patients were hospitalized, three were probed through sentinel surveillance.
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 20/08/2026
Based on a recent batch of sequences, BA.3.2 dominated in Japan 🇯🇵 in June, while #BA32 and XDV were detected at comparable frequencies in July. In 2026, reported COVID-19 cases declined among those aged 10-59 and ≥60 years, while case numbers among children aged 0-9 remained roughly stable.
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 20/08/2026
XFG* is now dominating in Spain 🇪🇸 (SE*, ST*, RV*), no #BA32 in a recent batch. This trend is partially reflected by official data:
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 20/08/2026
COVID wave building up www.cnn.com/2026/08/20/h...
cnn.com
The traditional respiratory virus season hasn’t started, but Covid is already climbing | CNN
Are you coughing, hacking or feeling feverish? It may not be just a summer cold; you might want to consider taking a Covid test.
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 19/08/2026
Twenty-two easy ways to power up your lab meetings www.nature.com/articles/d41...
nature.com
Twenty-two easy ways to power up your lab meetings
Scientists share help and advice on how they got their research discussions flowing.
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Stefan Pöhlmann @snpoehlm.bsky.social · 19/08/2026
A New mRNA Vaccine Could Prevent Melanoma From Returning www.nytimes.com/2026/08/19/s...
nytimes.com
Moderna, Merck Say mRNA Vaccine Prevents Melanoma From Returning
Moderna and Merck say the experimental vaccine prevented the return and spread of the cancer in high-risk melanoma patients.
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