1) English Learner academic achievement by 3rd grade has improved over time, shrinking the achievement gaps between K-cohort ELs and other students in English language arts (ELA) and math. See figure below.
Sarah Novicoff
@snovicoff.bsky.social
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Researcher at PPIC. Former History teacher, Stanford & Brown alum. Fan of ice cream, hikes, and equity. All opinions are my own.