Abstract The genus Homo Linnaeus, 1758 is hypothesized to have ecologically diverged from australopiths (Australopithecus Dart, 1925 and Paranthropus Broom, 1938) between 2.8 Ma and 1.9 Ma. Compared to australopiths, the behavioral re

Abstract Cells maintain an appropriate size to function, yet the mechanisms that enable size adaptation to environmental stress remain poorly understood. Fission yeast cells enter mitosis and divide at a threshold size when cyclin-dep

Abstract Transmission of malaria relies on the formation of sporozoites in the mosquito midgut and their subsequent invasion of the salivary gland. Despite their importance, our understanding of the cell biology of

Abstract Mammals share a laminar cerebral cortex, with excitatory neuron subtypes organized in distinct layers. Although this framework is conserved, subtype balance varies markedly between species due to unknown mechanisms. This stud

Abstract Sequence variants in the urea cycle gene argininosuccinate synthase ( ASS1 ) cause Citrullinemia type 1 (CTLN1), a rare autosomal recessive disease. Mechanistically, redu

Abstract Traditional histopathological analysis of cells and tissue relies on morphological features from stained biopsy samples, which fail to leverage the wealth of chemical information about the underlying pathological states

Abstract The actin cortex, a thin layer of actomyosin network beneath the plasma membrane, regulates various cell functions by generating active forces and inducing membrane deformations, including blebs

Abstract Preprinting has become an increasingly important component of the scholarly communication system, facilitating rapid open dissemination of scientific knowledge

Abstract The manchette is a transient microtubule based structure that plays a vital role in nuclear shaping during spermio-genesis

Abstract Preprinting has become an increasingly important component of the scholarly communication system, facilitating rapid open dissemination of scientific knowledge

Abstract The manchette is a transient microtubule based structure that plays a vital role in nuclear shaping during spermio-genesis

Abstract The ability of other species to adapt to human modified environments is increasingly crucial because of the rapid expansion of this landscape type

Abstract Impaired availability of the amino acid aspartate can be a metabolic constraint of cell proliferation in diverse biological contexts

Abstract Transposable elements are abundant in host genomes but are generally considered to be confined to the cell in which they are expressed, with the notable exception of endogenous retroviruses

Abstract A unique feature of temperate phages is the ability to protect their host bacteria from a second phage infection

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a fibrotic, stiff tumor microenvironment (TME), where tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) drive ECM remodeling, progression, and immune evasion

Abstract Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with infective endocarditis (IE) admitted to a tertiary hospital in Brazil, in-hospital mortality and predictors of readmission and mortality up to six months after hospital discharge

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Abstract Innate immune sensors must finely distinguish pathogens from the host to mount a response only during infection

Abstract Low-carbohydrate, high-fat ketogenic diets (KDs) are used to treat drug-resistant epilepsy, and other potential benefits for treating neurological disorders, metabolic syndrome, and cancer are being explored

Abstract BackgroundSystematic screening for tuberculosis using Xpert Ultra generates “trace” results of uncertain significance

Abstract Downy mildew caused by the oomycetePlasmopara viticolais one of the most important diseases affecting grapevine

Abstract Systemic infections leading to sepsis are life-threatening conditions that remain difficult to treat, and the development of innovative therapies is hampered by the limitations of current experimental models

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal disease, initiated predominantly by mutations inKras, which induce acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and subsequent formation of precursor lesions, such as pancreatic intraepithelial neop

Abstract Patients with the rare genetic disorder Hyaline Fibromatosis Syndrome (HFS) often succumb before 18 months of age due to severe diarrhea and protein-losing enteropathy

Abstract Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a significant human pathogen causing both acute and chronic infections worldwide

Abstract Microbiome-based disease prediction has significant potential as an early, non-invasive marker of multiple health conditions linked to dysbiosis of the human gut microbiota, thanks in part to decreasing sequencing and analysis costs

Abstract BackgroundSpiders generally exhibit robust starvation resistance, with hunting spiders, represented byHeteropoda venatoria, being particularly outstanding in this regard

Abstract In the context of adaptation to climate change, acute hyperthermia and hypoxia resistance are traits of growing interest in aquaculture

Abstract Oceanic islands are remote environments commonly harboring endemic species, which often are unique lineages originated and maintained by a variety of ecological, biogeographical and evolutionary processes

Abstract Biological systems may be biased in the phenotypes they can access by mutation1–7, but the extent of these biases and their causal role in the evolution of extant phenotypic diversity remains unclear

Abstract Predicting functional properties of mutations like the change in enzyme activity remains challenging and is not well captured by traditional pathogenicity prediction

Abstract Why autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) primarily target physiologically modified proteins, called citrullinated proteins, is unknown

Abstract We previously developed the CellPhe toolkit1, an open-source R package for automated cell phenotyping from ptychography time-lapse videos

Abstract Food choice is an important driver of speciation and invasion of novel ecological niches

Abstract Pesquisas sobre formação de professores no Brasil são relevantes porque permitem uma visão ampla do cenário educacional que apresenta os desafios da profissão docente

Abstract Trifluoroacetate (TFA) has been assumed to be an innocuous counterion (to cationic amino acid side chains) present in countless synthetic bioactive peptides and a few FDA-approved therapeutics

Abstract The commensal microbiome has been shown to protect against newly introduced enteric pathogens in multiple host species, a phenomenon known as a priority effect

Abstract Peroxiredoxins are highly conserved thiol peroxidases essential for peroxide detoxification, redox signaling, and chaperone activity

Abstract Brain tumors affect about 1 million people in the U

Abstract Bacteria encode for gene regulatory networks crucial for sensing and repairing DNA damage

Abstract The epicardium is a fundamental regulator of cardiac development and regeneration, functioning to secrete essential growth factors and to produce epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs) that contribute most coronary mural cells and cardiac fibroblasts

Abstract Acoustic communication, essential for mammalian social interactions, involves both effector (vocal) and receptor (auditory) organs that present a wide variety of morphologies between species

Abstract The nuclear pore complex (NPC), composed of proteins termed nucleoporins (Nups), intercalates the nuclear envelope, and is primarily involved in protein trafficking and mRNA export

Abstract Intermediate filaments (IFs) are a key component of the cytoskeleton, essential for regulating cell mechanics, maintaining nuclear integrity, organelle positioning, and modulating cell signaling

Abstract MotivationThe study of viral and bacterial species requires the ability to load and traverse ultra-large phylogenies with tens of millions of tips, but existing tree libraries struggle to scale to these sizes

Abstract Persistence of populations may be uncertain for large carnivore species, especially for those established in human-dominated landscapes

Abstract Some animals are able to regenerate all missing cell types and large body parts after bisection, a phenomenon called whole-body regeneration

Abstract Tissue regeneration is a dynamic process requiring coordinated cell fate decisions to restore structure and function

Abstract Color polymorphism, the occurrence of multiple discrete color morphs with co-adapted sets of traits within the same population, may provide the raw materials for rapid species formation