Animal models of memory retrieval trigger retrieval with cues and measure retrieval using behavior. Coulter et al. developed a neurofeedback paradigm that rewards hippocampal activity patterns associa...

The principle of peak selection is described, by which local interactions and smooth gradients drive self-organization of discrete global modules.

A neocortical–entorhinal–hippocampal network model based on grid cell states recapitulates experimental results and reconciles the spatial, associative and episodic memory roles of the hippocampus.