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Raph Koster

@raphkoster.bsky.social
2.5K followers 257 following 237 posts

Videogames: ULTIMA ONLINE, STAR WARS GALAXIES, METAPLACE, STARS REACH (coming soon!), among others. Tabletop: WADDLE. Books: THEORY OF FUN, POSTMORTEMS, SUNDAY POEMS. Music: AFTER THE FLOOD. Also at @raphkoster@mastodon.gamedev.place

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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 19/09/2026
That’s right. That’s why the platform cycle is so important. www.gamedeveloper.com/business/an-...
gamedeveloper.com
An Industry Lifecycle
To quote Paul Simon, "every generation throws a hero up the pop charts." We all know the game industry is cyclical; here's how it works.
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 19/09/2026
The full EDGE piece on game industry challenges is out now, has a lot of smart people in it (and me) & I highly recommend it to anyone interested in the games biz. knowledge.edge-online.com/p/the-game-i...
knowledge.edge-online.com
The game industry is broken – can we fix it?
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 04/08/2026
I think they were always meant to be hills? But no I don’t recall.
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 04/08/2026
I wrote quite a bit about this back in the mid-2000s. Computers really enabled something new. Back then I predicted that 1p games would get wrapped inside multiplayer contexts and I think that’s come true.
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 04/08/2026
FWIW, I love single-player games and prefer playing them myself. :D
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 04/08/2026
Reminds me of this chart that everyone hated back in the day. :D www.raphkoster.com/2012/03/13/x...
raphkoster.com
“X” isn’t a game!
I called this out as one of the trends I saw at GDC. Last year, people were saying that Farmville was not a game, and I argued that it was. This year, I wrote about narrative not being a mechanic a…
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 27/07/2026
We put out a huge update just a couple of weeks ago, with tons of new creature additions, big optimizations, character customization, and more. Finaling another right now!
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But Why Tho? @butwhytho.net · 25/07/2026
Stars Reach feels like it might be a giant leap for MMORPGs. Read Eddie's thoughts on the upcoming game here:
butwhytho.net
‘Stars Reach’ Shoots For The Stars With Exploration And Player Expression
Stars Reach feels like it might be a giant leap for MMORPGs. Read Eddie's thoughts on the upcoming game here:
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 21/07/2026
I think they came out quite wonderful! You did a great job.
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 21/07/2026
I can't believe you just... let me ramble. :D
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 21/07/2026
www.gamedeveloper.com/business/an-... remains true, to my mind. We still need a new platform.
gamedeveloper.com
An Industry Lifecycle
To quote Paul Simon, "every generation throws a hero up the pop charts." We all know the game industry is cyclical; here's how it works.
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 21/07/2026
And there are some sorts of games just demand larger investment (money or sweat equity) than others. It wouldn't be the first time that genres died at the hands of business realities, as @molleindustria.org notes. But it'll be the first time in a while that it's the commercial core of the artform.
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 21/07/2026
The dynamics I described in www.raphkoster.com/2018/01/17/t... and in www.raphkoster.com/wp-content/u... are still very much there, even at the indie end of the market.
raphkoster.com
The cost of games
Yesterday I was in Anaheim giving a talk called “Industry Lifecycles.” (click here for slides and video). It was intended to be a brief summary of the blog post of the same title, with …
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 21/07/2026
For all the wonderful quirkiness that's out there, the culture of "every successive game in a genre must encompass everything offered by all previous genre titles, with better graphics" is still very much there. Games culture has been driven by tech progress for so long.
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 21/07/2026
The writing has been on the wall for a long time. I spoke about Moore's Wall in that same year. The big question I have is actually how the *audience* will adapt. For all we speak of the embrace of indie games, the fact is that the audience bar is higher than ever.
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 21/07/2026
"Oh, plenty of people will be willing to play, read, or hear their content. The question isn’t whether they can find an audience — on the Internet, everyone can find an audience. No, the question is whether all forms of fixed content will effectively be donations to the common weal."
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 21/07/2026
"And they’ll probably all have to blog like mad because what will sell will not be just the game, it’ll be the experience of the interaction with that content provider. If there’s one thing that the Web makes possible, it’s enough content to make the typical content creator superfluous."
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 21/07/2026
"We’ve got two things to look forward to if this particular future comes true: lots of new innovative games coming from the gaming equivalent of John Keats or Michael Hedges; and lots of folks who have to make games on the side while they hold down a day job."
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 21/07/2026
This is a good talk. It also echoes some things I have been saying for years (I stole @bruces.bsky.social 's line about musicians long ago, probably back when we hung out in Austin)... Back in 2005, I wrote a blog post called "The Future of Content" that ended with:
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/noclip @noclipvideo.bsky.social · 21/07/2026
🚨NEW DOC ALERT🕹️ The History & Evolution of Massively Multiplayer Games We talk to @raphkoster.bsky.social about the history of group play, how MUDs became MMOs and the evolution of online worlds. WATCH HERE: www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHu7...
youtube.com
The History & Evolution of Massively Multiplayer Games (with Raph Koster) - /noclip
YouTube video by /noclip
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/noclip @noclipvideo.bsky.social · 10/07/2026
[EARLY ACCESS] The History & Evolution of Massively Multiplayer Games For Early Access Patrons (our 2nd most popular tier) is our second video with @raphkoster.bsky.social, about the history of play, and the evolution of MMOs. Support /noclip and give it a watch. www.patreon.com/noclip/posts...
patreon.com
[EARLY ACCESS] The History & Evolution of Massively Multiplayer Games | /noclip
[EARLY ACCESS] The History & Evolution of Massively Multiplayer Games by /noclip on Patreon. Join /noclip's community for exclusive content and updates.
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 27/06/2026
Aww.. glad it made a difference!
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 23/06/2026
It came out great!!
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 23/06/2026
This is out now and @noclipvideo has done their usual stellar job!
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But Why Tho? @butwhytho.net · 12/06/2026
‘Stars Reach’ Shoots For The Stars With Exploration And Player Expression
dlvr.it
‘Stars Reach’ Shoots For The Stars With Exploration And Player Expression
I’m skeptical of the proposed technology behind Stars Reach, but what I saw feels like the next big step in cultivating a virtual life in online gaming. The post ‘Stars Reach’ Shoots For The Stars With Exploration And Player Expression appeared first on But Why Tho?.
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Hayes Madsen @solfleet.bsky.social · 16/06/2026
I also got to play a bit of Stars Reach, and see its impressive simulation elements. It's exceedingly hard to preview an MMO, always has been, but I genuinely dig what I've seen and heard www.consolecreatures.com/stars-reach-...
consolecreatures.com
Stars Reach Wants to Bring MMORPGs Back to Their Sandbox Roots, and It's Got All the Right Ideas | Console Creatures
Stars Reach is an ambitious new MMO from the creator of Ultima Online that hopes to bring the genre back to its more creative and open-ended roots.
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Controlled Chaos @controlledcha0s.bsky.social · 18/06/2026
Stars Reach put out an update that improves clouds, underwater rendering, and more. youtu.be/22bfaxMWfdc @playstarsreach.bsky.social #starsreach #mmo
youtu.be
Stars Reach Pre-Alpha: Better Clouds & Water
YouTube video by Controlled Chaos Gaming
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MMORPG.com @mmorpg.com · 17/06/2026
Hands-On Preview: Stars Reach Represents The Dream MMOs Have Promised For Decades, And I Can't Contain My Excitement www.mmorpg.com/previews/han...
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Console Creatures @consolecreatures.com · 18/06/2026
“It Isn’t the Way You Influenced the Next Designer to Do What You Did, It’s How You Influenced Those Who Got to Play” — Raph Koster on the Legacy of Star Wars Galaxies, the State of MMOs, and His Ambitious New Game Interview: www.consolecreatures.com/raph-koster-...
consolecreatures.com
"It Isn't the Way You Influenced the Next Designer to Do What You Did, It's How You Influenced Those Who Got to Play" — Raph Koster on the Legacy of Star Wars Galaxies, the State of MMOs, and His Ambi...
We talk to Raph Koster, the creator of Ultima Online and Star Wars Galaxies, about his ambitious new MMO and how the genre at large can survive.
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 12/06/2026
It is good to see you back :)
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 16/05/2026
I did this interview a while ago and had forgotten it was coming out!
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 22/03/2026
I also would not at all say you have fun “once you are not confused.” Fun is usually the reward for understanding. Once you are not facing uncertainty, fun generally goes away.
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 22/03/2026
I think people start having fun at the very start of Super Mario even though it is exactly that sort of basic training. I often say that games are systems that teach themselves. Progression through a game is mostly stacking and recombining prior learnings as you encounter new challenges.
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 21/03/2026
I should make that first sentence a new book blurb. :D
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 21/03/2026
For example, your decision space moves from “how do press jump” to “when do I press jump to land where I want” to “where do I want to land” and “I have limited stamina, how often should I jump” and so on.
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 21/03/2026
Rote interaction, already-chunked patterns, mastered problem spaces. If you’re playing any sort of action game, you master movement and control interactions really early, and then tend to scaffold new things on them, not learn more about them. Same is true for any other sort of interaction.
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 20/03/2026
Decisions are about prediction based on priors. And then you see the outcome of your agency… not sure how you can elide learning from that process, esp in games… but maybe we have a terminology issue
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 18/03/2026
It’s well established that chance success results in most of the same biochemical processes happening in the brain. Deducing unknown factors in a huge part of fun. It may surprise you that at this point almost everything in that book has been scientifically validated! PS, why the snark?
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 18/03/2026
I have in fact publicly stated that’s why I wrote Theory of Fun. To go back to the basics :)
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 17/03/2026
Interesting decision -> form hypothesis -> take action -> observe result -> update priors. That’s basically the definition of learning. Without it, the decisions may as well be left to chance.
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 09/03/2026
As usual I have signed all the copies of my books at the @officialgdc.bsky.social bookstore!
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 14/02/2026
Thank you!
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 10/02/2026
Wow, we’re almost overlapping!
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 21/12/2025
Today I came across a project that rebuilt all of Tatooine from SWG in VRChat, and another that is recreating all of UO as a Valheim mod. Kind of wild to see.
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 20/12/2025
I still think of those as mastery, just more in the psychology and mutual understanding vein. We’ve all known players who are really good at “what will make this particular person laugh” for example.
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Daniel Cook @danctheduck.bsky.social · 10/12/2025
My obsession for a decade: Parts of games are real, not fiction. Like, you are not really becoming a powerful knight when you gain a virtual level. That's fiction, fantasy. But you DO gain real skills. In manipulating buttons, game tactics etc. In multiplayer games, the friendships are real.
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 07/12/2025
I just shared this in a different thread, but it covers a lot of why I think it has a lot of nuance. What’s silly imho is using definitional stuff to exclude as opposed to using it to help communicate, analyze and come to personal understandings. www.raphkoster.com/2013/04/16/p...
raphkoster.com
Playing with “game”
The world is full of systems. Often they exist below the threshold of what we perceive. It’s all a whirling clockwork of near-infinite complexity, from the tiny mysteries of quantum physics t…
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 07/12/2025
*shrug* I don’t think it is, it’s a pretty nuanced issue.
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 07/12/2025
Am about to start a 2.5hr drive so can’t provide more links just now, apologies
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Raph Koster @raphkoster.bsky.social · 07/12/2025
Many! :D My blog is full of them! maybe best overview of my current take is www.raphkoster.com/2013/04/16/p... but there are also others across the site inc in presentations section
raphkoster.com
Playing with “game”
The world is full of systems. Often they exist below the threshold of what we perceive. It’s all a whirling clockwork of near-infinite complexity, from the tiny mysteries of quantum physics t…
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