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Project Psyche

@projectpsyche.bsky.social
391 followers 98 following 89 posts

Sequencing the genomes of all 11,000 species of butterflies and moths across Europe. Find out more at projectpsyche.org

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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 19/09/2026
Congratulations to @rindom88.bsky.social, our genome notes writer of the month!
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 18/09/2026
Congratulations to Jakub Opelka (Biology Centre CAS, Budweis, Czechia)! #Genomics #Lepidoptera #ProjectPsyche
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 03/07/2026
(2/3) Great talk by @charlottewright.bsky.social from @sangerinstitute.bsky.social, one of our coordinators, on widening participation in genome generation! @10klepgenomes.bsky.social is scaling Lepidoptera genome curation across Europe: 30 trained curators, 14 countries, 120+ genomes curated 🦋👀
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 03/07/2026
(1/3) At #SMBE2026 in Copenhagen! 🧬🦋 Part of our team @10klepgenomes.bsky.social #LepEU is here for a few days of great talks on molecular evolution and population genomics! #Lepidoptera #Genomics #ProjectPsyche
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 27/03/2026
(3/5) Genomic data 🧬 from butterflies and moths can improve precision pest control, helping farmers target harmful species while protecting pollinators and other beneficial insects! 🦋🐝🪲 #Genomics #Pestcontrol #Pollinators
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 27/03/2026
(1/5) We are building the largest genomic map ever created for Lepidoptera together with @10klepgenomes.bsky.social — and the University of Murcia (UMU) is part of our international team working to sequence 10,000 species 🦋🧬 More information ⬇️⬇️⬇️ www.laopiniondemurcia.es/comunidad/20...
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 26/03/2026
(3/5) Genomic data 🧬 from butterflies and moths can improve precision pest control, helping farmers target harmful species while protecting pollinators and other beneficial insects! 🦋🐝🪲 #Genomics #Pestcontrol #Pollinators
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 27/11/2025
(4/5) In brief: a decentralized, pan-European network of collection and sequencing hubs is producing chromosome-level reference #genomes using shared protocols and open, collaborative data analysis. #Lepidoptera are now the eukaryotic order with the most reference genomes worldwide 🚀!!
Map of the hubs and sub-hubs that participate in the Project Psyche. The hubs are marked with stars and the sub-hubs with points. The main Hub is marked with an orange star and is located in the Sanger Institute.
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 27/11/2025
(3/5) This collaborative paper was kickstarted during a collaborative workshop at @biologylu.bsky.social , funded by the @10klepgenomes.bsky.social, highlighting the power of community-driven science. 🤝 #10kLepGenomes #CA2311
Group photo of the attendees of the 10KLepGenomes community at the workshop held at the University of Lund, in February 2025.10kLepGenomes logo in black and orange.
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 13/09/2025
(5/6)The #ProjectPsyche community is also forming international teams to jointly use these genomes to: 🧬 Drive discovery with genome data. 🌍 Inform conservation strategies. 📌 Help tackle societal challenges. Link Psyche: www.projectpsyche.org
The potential of Psyche genomes to address evolutionary questions and impact society.
A. Evolution of chromosome structure through fusions, fissions and inversions.
B. 3D genome, chromosome territories.
C. Compartments and topologically associated domains (TADs).
D. Time-calibrated species phylogeny.
E. Diversification rates over time of two lineages.
F. Discordance between phylogenies (e.g. horizontal gene transfer, cobionts, mitochondria, hybridisation).
G. Gene duplication, loss, transfer, and gain of new regulatory elements.
H. Gene evolution/copy number variation in the context of a tree, and correlation with phenotypic traits.
I. Gene expression across different conditions/states and association with phenotypic traits.
J. Population size changes over time in three lineages.
K. Tracking species range expansion or genetic connectivity across space.
L. Correlates of genetic diversity with traits such as range size.
M. Food security. Lepidoptera are an important source of food and protein which has potential for expansion facilitated by genomics. In addition, genomics aids tracking and management of species of Lepidoptera which are major agricultural pests.
N. Discovery of new compounds for biotechnology.
O. Integrating genomics with ecology and taxonomy will feed into knowledge dissemination to the public and influence policy
P. Genetic comparisons between populations, informing conservation units and species re-introductions
Q. Conservation case studies, Large Blue and Apollo butterflies
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 13/09/2025
(4/6)🚀 For #ProjectPsyche, this is just the beginning. This ambitious pan-European project involves: 🔹 184+ researchers 🔹 34 countries The goal? To sequence all 11,000 European Lepidoptera species! These chromosome-level genomes are openly available for anyone to use.
Sequencing the diversity of Lepidoptera found in Europe.
A. Comparison of the status of sequencing for Lepidoptera compared to the other orders within Arthropoda. Showing the ten orders with the highest numbers of chromosome-level genomes. Data derived from GoaT on 05.09.2025.
B. The tree shows family relationships between all families of Lepidoptera which have representatives in Europe. The tree structure is adapted from [54, 117]. The outer ring shows a stacked bar chart of the number of species sequenced (dark pink) out of the total number per family in Europe (light pink).
The figure was generated using iToL (https://itol.embl.de/). Representative species are shown alongside the phylogeny; Micropterix aruncella (Micropterigidae), Triodia sylvina (Hepialidae), Adela croesella (Adelidae), Tinea trinotella (Tineidae), Yponomeuta malinellus (Yponomeutidae), Notocelia
uddmanniana (Tortricidae), Apatura iris (Nymphalidae), Zygaena filipendulae (Zygaenidae),
Recurvaria leucatella (Gelechiidae), Blastobasis adustella (Blastobasidae), Parapoynx stratiotata (Crambidae), Thyatira batis (Drepanidae), Lymantria monacha (Erebidae).
C. Map of locations of sample collection hubs (yellow stars) and sequencing hubs (blue star).
Locations of member organisations that are part of the Project Psyche consortium are represented by red circles.
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 13/09/2025
(3/6) Achieving the 1,000-genome milestone was made possible by collaborative projects including: 🔹 Darwin Tree of Life (DToL) 🔹 Project Psyche 🔹 European Reference Genome Atlas (ERGA) Roughly half of the genomes came from DToL & half from Psyche.
The Project Psyche workflow: From catching Lepidoptera to annotated reference genomes.
A. Lepidoptera are caught with traps or nets and photographed in a standardised way. For most specimens the head is used for long-range (Hi-C) sequencing, the thorax for long-read (PacBio) sequencing and the abdomen for RNA sequencing. The wings are stored in glassine envelopes.
B. PacBio reads are aligned against each other to reconstruct contiguous sequences (contigs) for each haplotype separately. Hi-C reads are used to identify the set of contigs belonging to the same haplotype. Because some regions are not sequenced well, e.g. repeat-rich regions, there are gaps between contigs. Hi-C reads are used to bridge those gaps and join contigs in the right order and orientation together into scaffolds. After manual curation, these scaffolds mostly represent entire chromosomes.
C. Protein-coding genes in the genome are annotated using species-specific RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data and protein homology evidence. Standardised resources will also be generated for each genome, including variant calls, annotation of sequence features such as transposable elements, and 5mC methylation calls obtained from PacBio data. These annotations will all be available in LepBase.
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 13/09/2025
(2/6)This pretty moth was collected by Marko Mutanen and Niina Kiljunen from the slopes of a fell in Enontekiö, Finland. Fun facts about this species: 🌱 Larvae feed on mossy saxifrage 🦋 Adults have feathery wings held at right angles.
Photo of Stenoptilia islandicus by Marko Mutanen
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 13/09/2025
(1/6) 🦋 We are thrilled to announce the release of the 1,000th reference genome of Lepidoptera species found in Europe! This goal was reached with the release of Stenoptilia islandicus, also known as the mountain plume moth. Read the story below!👇🏽
Genome sequencing progress for Lepidoptera. 
Stacked bar charts represent the cumulative number of lepidopteran species with a reference genome per year. The colours represent the different levels of genome assembly quality, ranging from contig to chromosome-level. Numbers in brackets represent the range in numbers of species that have a given assembly level per year. Data derived from GoaT on 05.09.2025.
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 02/06/2025
(1/5) The @universidadoviedo.bsky.social is contributing directly to the future of biodiversity genomics through its entomological collection and experts. @erebiologa.bsky.social and @entomoprofessor.bsky.social, taxonomists based at Oviedo, are active members of #ProjectPsyche
Laura (left) and Mónica (right) at the Psyche Project meeting held at Lund University in March 2025.
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 19/05/2025
🎉 Congrats to our #CuratorOfTheMonth — Bulah! Thanks for your great work! 👏 #ProjectPsyche #GenomeCuration #Lepidoptera
Portrait of Bulah next to the Hi-C map of the genome of Diacrisia sannio, a species sampled by Kay Lucek at the University of Neuchâtel.
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 02/05/2025
(2/4) ❓ What are #STSMs? They’re an initiative to foster scientific collaboration across Europe by funding research visits to labs abroad. The call aims to support researchers and build partnerships to advance the goals of the 10KLepGenomes COST Action for #Lepidoptera research 🦋
Infographic summarising the goals of the STSMs (gain new partnerships, learn new techniques, access new resources) using a white and orange colour palette.
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 02/05/2025
(1/4) 📣 Exciting news! 📣 The #10KLepGenomes COST Action has opened the first call for Short Term Scientific Missions #STSMs Keep reading for all the details 👇
Logo of the 10kLepGenomes COST Action. Orange text "10K LEP GENOMES" accompanied by a design that uses the number 10 and the letter "K" to represent a butterfly and DNA.
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 21/04/2025
(3/3) They also shared insights on the network of regional hubs—collaborative nodes around the globe coordinating sampling, sequencing, and training. Together, we’re building a truly global initiative 🦋🌍 #10kLepGenomes #ProjectPsyche #sciencecollaboration
Valéria and Loukia presenting the different hubs involved in the Psyche Project, with a slide showing a map of Europe and the hubs highlighted with red dots.
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 21/04/2025
(2/3)They introduced Phase 1 of #ProjectPsyche: Over the next 2 years, the Tree of Life programme at the Wellcome Sanger Institute will sequence and assemble to chromosomal completeness the genomes of 2,000 Lepidoptera species. A bold first step toward a comprehensive genomic atlas! 🧬🌍
Valéria and Loukia with a slide presenting phase 1 of the project to the meeting attendees
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 21/04/2025
(1/3) Our collaborators @anguisvaleris.bsky.social and Loukia presented the #ProjectPsyche and the COST Action #10kLepGenomes at the @ibe-barcelona.bsky.social (IBE-CSIC-UPF)! 🧬🦋 Grateful for the chance to share our vision and spark new connections!
Logo of the Institute of Evolutionary Biology of the CSIC
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 08/04/2025
#Moths and #butterflies hold a special place in the hearts of #ProjectPsyche members, and some have chosen to carry them on their skin forever! 🦋 Check out this collage of Lepidoptera-inspired tattoos from our community, featuring real species and artistic interpretations alike 🎨
Collage of Lepidoptera-inspired tattoos featuring Actias isabellae, Erebia palarica, Acherontia atropos, Heliconius hermathena vereatta, Urbanus esmeraldus, Erebia euryale, Danaus plexippus and other Lepidoptera-related designs.
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 02/04/2025
(3/5) Decentralised collection hubs are currently located at institutional partners in Spain, Switzerland, Sweden, Finland, Italy, Czech Republic and Romania #ProjectPsyche
Institutional logos of the decentralized hubs of Project Psyche
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 02/04/2025
(2/5) During this first phase, the Psyche community has established seven sampling hubs across Europe, which collected and cryo-preserved at least 200 species of #Lepidoptera each 🌍🧬
Map of Europe. Stars show the seven sampling hubs of Project Psyche
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 02/04/2025
(1/5) It’s been a month since the Spring Meeting—let’s look back at some milestones from #ProjectPsyche Phase 1!
Photo of a sign showing the information of the 10KLepGenomes Workshop in Lund with a black arrow pointing to the left
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 02/04/2025
(3/5) Decentralised collection hubs are currently located at institutional partners in Spain, Switzerland, Sweden, Finland, Italy, Czech Republic and Romania #ProjectPsyche
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 02/04/2025
(2/5) During this first phase, the Psyche community has established seven sampling hubs across Europe, which collected and cryo-preserved at least 200 species of #Lepidoptera each 🌍🧬
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 20/03/2025
(1/4) In its first year, #ProjectPsyche has engaged with the research community by creating networks with experts in moths and butterflies 🦋 Members of the project have also trained the research community in #GenomeCuration, a key step in the generation of genomes 🧬
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 08/03/2025
Today, we celebrate the #Women of #ProjectPsyche as part of #InternationalWomensDay! We champion inclusivity and gender equality in #Science to ensure equal opportunities for all. Meet part of the team that joined our meeting in Lund #WomenInSTEM #8M 🟣
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 07/03/2025
Day 2 of the #ProjectPsyche Spring Meeting is complete! Participants made great progress with productive discussions on key tasks and role assignments. Stay tuned for what’s next! 🦋🧬
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 07/03/2025
4/4 To advance genomics and conservation, we need strong foundations in taxonomy. Supporting collections and researchers means securing the future of biodiversity science. Let’s make sure this knowledge is preserved for generations to come! 🦋 #ProjectPsyche
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 07/03/2025
3/4 #Taxonomy is crucial for biodiversity research. Investing in #ScientificCollections and training taxonomists ensures we continue identifying, studying, and protecting species 🔍 #BasicScience
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 07/03/2025
2/4 Why do collections like this matter? These specimens are time capsules of biodiversity, holding crucial data for #taxonomy, conservation, and genomic studies. They contain essential knowledge for understanding climate change impacts📜 #NaturalHistory
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 07/03/2025
1/4 🦋🔬 Project Psyche visits the Entomological Collection at @biologylu.bsky.social ! Our team explored this invaluable resource, where thousands of butterfly and moth specimens help us bridge the past, present, and future of biodiversity research 🌍🧬 #TaxonomyMatters
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 06/03/2025
Day 1 of the #ProjectPsyche Spring Meeting is a wrap! ✅ Great discussions on the project's strengths and areas for improvement. Exciting things ahead tomorrow—stay tuned! 👀 #WomenInSTEM
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 06/03/2025
Today marks the beginning of the #ProjectPsyche Spring Meeting in Lund! This first morning was filled with productive discussions regarding the milestones, impact and future steps of the initiative #LepidopteraGenomics 🦋🧬
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 05/03/2025
(3/4) The upcoming meeting in Lund will allow members of #ProjectPsyche and the COST Action #10kLepGenomes to discuss how they will further build the Psyche community 🤝, the coordination of scientific publications 📃, planning applications for the future 💬 and defining roles and responsibilities 👩🏽‍🔬
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 05/03/2025
(4/4) Stay tuned as an upcoming meeting will be held at the University of Lund, Sweden on March 6 to March 8 for representatives from 15 countries to discuss the project’s scope and future goals #ProjectPsyche
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 05/03/2025
(3/4) Following this milestone, the community will jointly analyse the data to reveal the evolution of butterflies and moths, understand the effects of climate change on populations, inform pest control and help conservation research 🦋 #ClimateChange #ButterflyGenomics
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 05/03/2025
(2/4) In March 2025 the Project Psyche community is close to completing their first goal: sequencing 1,000 genomes, showing the full DNA sequence and how this DNA is arranged into chromosomes in each species 🧬 #ProjectPsyche
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 05/03/2025
(1/4)🦋 Introducing Project Psyche! A groundbreaking initiative to sequence the genomes of all 11,000 species of butterflies and moths in Europe. The goal is to analyse this data to understand global climate insecurity and threats to biodiversity on a genomic level🧬 #ProjectPsyche #Genomics
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 19/02/2025
In addition to equipping researchers with a valuable skill in genomics, we hope that this marks the beginning of the curation of Psyche genomes being performed across Europe in line with the goal of Psyche to build capacity in biodiversity genomics across Europe. (6/8)
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 19/02/2025
Alongside the workshop, there was also time for everyone to explore Cambridge which is a short distance from the Sanger Institute and try out punting! (5/8)
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 19/02/2025
First, the participants learnt how to interpret and manipulate Hi-C maps - the format in which genome curation is performed. Using these skills, they were then able to start to curate new genomes for Psyche. Incredibly, over 60 genomes were worked on during this week with many completed! (4/8)
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 19/02/2025
Participants travelled to the @sangerinstitute.bsky.social in the UK from Spain, Finland, Germany, Czechia, Norway & Ecuador. The workshop was taught by Jo Wood and his team of expert curators at the Sanger - including Danil Zilov and Dom Absolon in this picture, and @tom-mathers.bsky.social! (3/8)
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 19/02/2025
Genome curation is the essential last step of genome assembly. It involves carefully stitching pieces of DNA together into chromosomes. This produces a genome assembly where each chromosome is represented by a single sequence - fulfilling the genome quality standard of @ebpgenome.bsky.social! (2/8)
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Project Psyche @projectpsyche.bsky.social · 19/02/2025
Over two weeks, 12 early-career researchers learnt how to curate genomes as part of Project Psyche! This workshop was funded through the Lep10K COST Action (CA23122) & organised by Working Group 3 which focuses on the generation & utilisation of Psyche genomes. (1/8) @costprogramme.bsky.social
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