This scientific diagram 3. in this study seems to me to parallel the steps to lower function indicated below ⬇️ 👇🏼
www.frontiersin.org/journals/phy...
PH 🕊️🌱😷
@ph-ph-ph.bsky.social
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🕊 2050 is too late 🌏 it’s a climate + biodiversity EMERGENCY 🦋 SARS-CoV-2 is in the AIR: ventilate/HEPA #BetterMasks 😷 #ZeroCovid 🌱 PUBLIC Health EVERYTHING is connected 30,000(+) 💔 AUS SARS2
![Figure 2.
Forest plot of the association between disease trajectories and long COVID. In the y-axis, the ICD-10 code and description of the trajectories, and in the x-axis the odds ratio. Colours represent trajectory clusters. Abbreviations: gastro-oesophageal (GE), vitamin D (Vit D), hypertension (HT), unspecified mood [affective] disorders (UM[A]D), upper limb (UL), thoracic, thoracolumbar and lumbosacral intervertebral disc (TLS disc), persistent mood [affective] disorders (PM[A]D), vasomotor and allergic (V/A)](https://cdn.bsky.app/img/feed_thumbnail/plain/did:plc:btcpz66kwakmrfllcc6cwmr7/bafkreihtunxhqhteiae7oxk3tgii4onwvblokb2jwiphem7c4nk24wxkka)
![‘As shown in Fig. 5A, in the untreated SH-SY5Y cells, mitochondria appeared to be elongated in shape, had a well-defined double membrane with the inner membrane exhibiting cristae, all of which are characteristics of healthy mitochondria.
Treatment with [Paraquat] PQ (Fig 5B), however, demonstrated swelling of mitochondria, and loss of and/or damage to the cristae.
Treatment with [Curcumin loaded Nanoparticles] CNPs (Fig 5C) did not appear to change mitochondrial morphology compared to the untreated cells (Fig 5A), although slight changes in the cristae do appear as shown by the spaces in the intermembrane space.
CNP post-treatment group (Fig 5D) presented loss of the cristae but not as severe as treatment with PQ only (Fig 5B).
Similarly, CNP pre-treatment group (Fig 5E) also indicated loss of the cristae, evidently more than CNP post-treatment (Fig 5D), with some mitochondria displaying a rounded shape, although not as severe as treatment with PQ only.
This indicates that CNP treatment, both pre and post PQ exposure, may exert a protective (or more accurately, restorative) effect on mitochondrial morphology, especially on the cristae, which are important for ATP production.’](https://cdn.bsky.app/img/feed_thumbnail/plain/did:plc:btcpz66kwakmrfllcc6cwmr7/bafkreiediq75yfnt5tz6cluvvujhnujfjyhijpjkmc7jxnugbobelqesni)
![‘SARS-CoV-2, in particular, has had an overwhelming global impact [91, 92]. MCs and basophils play critical roles in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Basophils drive the antibody response, while MCs form the first line of defense against SARS-CoV-2, contributing to a hyperinflammatory environment and triggering the cytokine storm. Through histamine release, MCs overexpress IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and other proinflammatory cytokines, leading to lung hyperinflammation, microvascular leakage, matrix degradation, angiogenesis, and pro-coagulation [93]. Alterations in the host microbiota appear to significantly impact “long-COVID” or “Post-COVID syndrome” (PCS). PCS often progresses in close association with mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS). Specifically, SARS-CoV-2 infection can trigger autoimmune reactions that activate MCs, causing hyperinflammation and MCAS, which, in turn, mediate PCS symptoms [94, 95]. Given these pathophysiological considerations and the potential complexity of interactions between microbiota and dysfunctional MCs in MC activation disease, altered microbiota-MC crosstalk during SARS-CoV-2 infection may contribute to the PCS-MCAS link’](https://cdn.bsky.app/img/feed_thumbnail/plain/did:plc:btcpz66kwakmrfllcc6cwmr7/bafkreifgelogw7nci3rskdibwnbcpj6p3qre56mvxskvqt6uw7x6jdnuma)
![The Institute of Public Affairs (IPA) is a conservative non-profit free market public policy think tank,[2][3][4] which is based in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It advocates free-market economic policies, such as privatisation,[5] deregulation of state-owned enterprises, trade liberalisation, deregulation of workplaces, abolition of the minimum wage,[6] criticism of socialism,[7] and repeal of Section 18C of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975.[8] It also rejects large parts of climate science.[9]](https://cdn.bsky.app/img/feed_thumbnail/plain/did:plc:btcpz66kwakmrfllcc6cwmr7/bafkreibvis4qqnvqbltlcgos3wvmxi356ax52lklz3wigqjn4ckihieb2u)
![ABC news headline ‘Ex-cyclone Alfred costs NSW farmers millions in stock loss and damage’
[photograph of flooded farmland]](https://cdn.bsky.app/img/feed_thumbnail/plain/did:plc:btcpz66kwakmrfllcc6cwmr7/bafkreigwxaf3rkf4rq37pwsvkt3jjr2dhcvbibiwadgczieqfi52ouhkhy)
