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Pacis Et Belli

@pacisetbelli.bsky.social
18 followers 3 following 264 posts

Pacis et belli — the Catholic tradition on war and peace, from the Fathers to the present. Two sources a day, often paired dialectically: just war and gospel nonviolence, the sword and the olive branch. A reference, not a referee.

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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 8h
They are persecuted by all, and yet loved by all. They are reviled, and yet they bless; they are insulted, and repay insult with honor. What the soul is in the body, that the Christians are in the world. —Epistle to Diognetus, 5:11-6:1
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 17h
Give concord and peace to us and to all who dwell on the earth, as you gave to our fathers when they called on you in faith and truth. Grant to them, Lord, health, peace, concord, stability, that they may administer the government which you have given them. —1 Clement, 60:4-61:1
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 03/10/2026
The Way of Light is this: You shall not kill. You shall not commit adultery. You shall not corrupt the young. You shall not be greedy. You shall love your neighbor more than your own soul. —Epistle of Barnabas, 19
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 02/10/2026
Bless those who curse you, and pray for your enemies, and fast for those who persecute you. For what reward is there for loving those who love you? Do not the Gentiles do the same? But love those who hate you, and you shall not have an enemy. —Didache, 1:3
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 02/10/2026
You shall not commit murder; you shall not commit adultery; you shall not corrupt boys; you shall not commit fornication; you shall not steal; you shall not murder a child by abortion nor kill that which is born. —Didache, 2:2
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 01/10/2026
When the knight of Christ kills an evildoer he is not a man-killer but, so to speak, an evil-killer; he is reckoned the avenger of Christ against those who do wrong, and the defender of Christians. —Bernard of Clairvaux, De laude novae militiae ch. 3
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 01/10/2026
Let them not quarrel or contend in words, nor judge others, but be gentle, peaceful and modest, meek and humble, speaking honourably to all, as is fitting. —Francis of Assisi, Regula bullata ch. 3
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 30/09/2026
Development is the new name for peace. Peace is not merely the absence of war but the fruit of integral human development and of justice among peoples; the widening gap between rich and poor nations is itself a standing threat to peace. —Populorum Progressio, §§76, 87
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 30/09/2026
Unbelief is not a just cause of war. Difference of religion cannot justify war against the Indians, nor may they be attacked or dispossessed merely for refusing the Christian faith; a just war requires a real injury received, and unbelief is no such injury. —Francisco de Vitoria, De Indis I.II.4
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 29/09/2026
The most theologically explicit twelfth-century vision of lay disendowment: at divine instigation the secular princes seize the church's temporal patrimony from corrupt clergy, returning to them only the contemplative vocation. —Hildegard of Bingen, Liber divinorum operum III.5.16-17
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 29/09/2026
War and disorder are the political fruit of a social order detached from justice and from God. —Quadragesimo Anno / Mit brennender Sorge, 1931, 1937
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 28/09/2026
Against the Cathars, Hildegard answers dualist heresy in an apocalyptic-prophetic register: cast the impure out, rebuke them, drive them into exile. —Hildegard of Bingen, Liber epistolarum Letter 169r
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 28/09/2026
Hildegard prophesies that the nations and kings of the earth will rise against corrupt clergy and cast them out — and that the princes act not in rebellion but in obedience to God, since the priests by lust, simony, and avarice have put the… —Hildegard of Bingen, Liber epistolarum Letter 149r
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 27/09/2026
John Mair, the Scottish theologian whose Sorbonne years overlapped with the Cajetan-Almain debate of 1511–1512, carried the moderate conciliarist position forward into the early sixteenth century in his commentary on Lombard's *Sentences*. —John Mair (John Major), In quattuor sententiarum 1509
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 27/09/2026
External violence is the overflow of an interior disorder — the passion of anger — to be combated at its root, not merely restrained in act. —John Cassian, Institutes VIII / Conferences V
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 26/09/2026
Savonarola, prior of San Marco in Florence from 1491, articulated in vernacular Italian a prophetic-political theology that combined the Catholic Dominican tradition of Thomistic moral theology with explicit. —Girolamo Savonarola, Trattato circa el reggimento e governo della città di Firenze 1497
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 26/09/2026
Almain replied to Cajetan with three principal arguments: that coercive civil power is present in a political body as a whole before it is exercised by any of its members, and that the same is true of the. —Jacques Almain, De auctoritate Ecclesiae seu sacrorum conciliorum eam repraesentantium 1512
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 25/09/2026
Antoninus of Florence, archbishop of Florence from 1446 to 1459 and the principal Italian Dominican moral theologian of the mid-fifteenth century, articulated the just-war doctrine within the moral-theological framework of the *Summa. —Antoninus of Florence, Summa Theologica Moralis 1440
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 25/09/2026
Pius II's *Execrabilis* of 18 January 1460 declared all appeals from a papal decision to a future general council to be erroneous and detestable, and sanctioned them with the penalty of automatic anathema (*ipso facto*), reserving absolution to the Roman Pontiff except at the. —Execrabilis, 1460
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 24/09/2026
Valla's *Declamatio* of 1440 demonstrates by philological argument that the Donation of Constantine (the document on which the medieval papacy had grounded its claim to temporal sovereignty over the Western empire). —Lorenzo Valla, De falso credita et ementita Constantini donatione declamatio 1440
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 24/09/2026
Torquemada's *Summa de ecclesia* (1453) is the first comprehensive medieval treatise on the doctrine of the church. —Juan de Torquemada, Summa de ecclesia 1453
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 23/09/2026
The Council of Basel, in the *Compactata* of Iglau (5 July 1436), negotiated the doctrinal and political settlement that ended the Hussite wars. —Council of Basel, 1431
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 23/09/2026
Nicholas of Cusa argued, in *De concordantia catholica* (1433–1434), that legitimate authority in the church and the empire alike rests on consent (*consensus*) within a hierarchically ordered structure, and that the harmony (*concordantia*) of. —Nicholas of Cusa, De concordantia catholica 1433
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 22/09/2026
Petit reduced the case to a syllogism: it is licit to put to death one guilty of high treason (*lèse-majesté*) who has become a tyrant; the Duke of Orléans was guilty of treason and was a tyrant; therefore, his killing was licit, and the Duke of. —Jean Petit, Justification du duc de Bourgogne 1408
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 22/09/2026
The Council of Constance on 6 July 1415 condemned the proposition that any private subject may licitly kill a tyrant on his own initiative, without judicial sentence, notwithstanding any oath of fealty. —Constance condemnation of tyrannicide, 1415
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 21/09/2026
Falkenberg's *Liber de doctrina* of 1416 was the most extreme defense of crusading prerogative produced at Constance, including arguments that the Teutonic Order's wars against the Poles were. —Johannes Falkenberg, Liber de doctrina potestatis papae et imperatoris contra Paulum Vladimiri 1416
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 21/09/2026
Christine de Pizan, drawing principally on Honoré Bouvet's *Arbre des batailles* (1386–89), articulated five causes of war in Part I of the treatise: three lawful (the support of right and justice, including the defense of the. —Christine de Pizan, Le Livre des fais d'armes et de chevalerie 1410
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 20/09/2026
Stanisław of Skarbimierz argued, around 1410, that war can only be undertaken for a warranted reason, principally the defense of one's homeland or the recovery of property unjustly taken. —Stanisław of Skarbimierz, Sermo de bellis iustis 1410
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 20/09/2026
Vladimiri argued, against the Hostiensian doctrine that pagans had forfeited all just dominion at Christ's coming, that the natural law and the *ius gentium* secure the rights of pagans and. —Paulus Vladimiri (Paweł Włodkowic), Tractatus de potestate papae et imperatoris respectu infidelium 1415
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 19/09/2026
The decree *Haec sancta synodus* of 6 April 1415 declared that the council, legitimately assembled in the Holy Spirit, formed a general council representing the militant Catholic Church and held its powers immediately from Christ, and that all persons of whatever. —*Haec sancta synodus*, 1415
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 19/09/2026
*Frequens* of 9 October 1417 was the council's attempt to make conciliarism a permanent constitutional feature of the church, by providing that general councils would meet on a fixed schedule even without papal initiative. —*Frequens*, 1417
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 18/09/2026
Zabarella's *Tractatus de schismate* (c. —Tractatus de schismate, 1408
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 18/09/2026
Gerson's mature conciliarism distinguishes the *plenitudo potestatis* (the fullness of power) which is in the church and which the pope ordinarily exercises, from the cases in which that fullness reverts to the church acting through a. —Jean Gerson, De auferibilitate Sponsi ab Ecclesia 1402
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 17/09/2026
Henry of Langenstein argued, against the prevailing curial opinion, that the church possesses an inherent right of self-preservation that includes the right to convoke a general council in cases of necessity. —Henry of Langenstein, Epistola pacis 1379
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 17/09/2026
D'Ailly's argument, in distinction from Marsilius, retains a properly papal authority while denying that this authority is unconditioned. —Pierre d'Ailly, Tractatus de materia concilii generalis 1402
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 16/09/2026
The Council of Constance condemned Wycliffe on 4 May 1415, drawing 45 articles from his works, including the propositions that the church does not need temporal endowments, that an unworthy clergyman or pope ought not to be obeyed, and that the king has. —Constance condemnation of Wycliffe, 1415
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 16/09/2026
Conrad of Gelnhausen, in the *Epistola concordiae* of May 1380, argued that the Schism could be ended by a general council convoked, if necessary, without papal authorization (and against the papal claim that only the pope could convoke such a council). —Conrad of Gelnhausen, Epistola brevis 1379
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 15/09/2026
Hus, drawing on Wycliffe's *De ecclesia* and reworking it for the Bohemian situation, taught that the true church is the body of the predestined under Christ as its only head, that no Christian is bound to obey a papal command contrary to the law of Christ, and. —Jan Hus, De ecclesia 1413
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 15/09/2026
Hus's theology of peace places it explicitly under Christ's words ('My peace I give to you, not as the world gives'), and refuses any account of peace that reduces it to political quiet under unjust rule. —Jan Hus, Sermo de pace 1414
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 14/09/2026
Wycliffe defined the church as the totality of the predestined (*universitas predestinatorum*), an Augustinian definition with consequences for the visible institutional church. —John Wycliffe, De ecclesia 1378
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 14/09/2026
The Bohemian reform-prophetic tradition before Hus runs from Milíč of Kroměříž, Charles IV's chancery notary turned. —Milíč of Kroměříž & Matthew of Janov, the Bohemian reform-prophetic tradition
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 13/09/2026
Wycliffe held that all dominion (*dominium*), whether civil, evangelical, or natural, is held conditionally as a divine grant, and is forfeit when its holder is in mortal sin. —John Wycliffe, Tractatus de civili dominio 1376
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 13/09/2026
Wycliffe argued that the king holds the material sword directly from God, not mediately through the pope, and that the king's office includes the duty of correcting clerical abuses by recovering improperly held ecclesiastical wealth. —John Wycliffe, Tractatus de officio regis 1379
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 12/09/2026
Catherine of Siena's *Dialogue*, dictated in 1377–1378 during her ecstatic states, is structured as God's responses to four petitions: for Catherine herself, for the Church, for the world, and for divine providence. —Catherine of Siena, Il Dialogo della divina provvidenza 1377
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 12/09/2026
Richard FitzRalph, archbishop of Armagh, argued in *De pauperie Salvatoris* that all legitimate lordship over temporal things flows from God's grace to the individual rational soul, and that Christ in his earthly life held no legal *dominium* but. —Richard FitzRalph, De pauperie Salvatoris 1356
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 11/09/2026
Bridget of Sweden, writing across the central decades of the Hundred Years' War, addressed visions to Edward III of England and to the successive Valois kings of France in which the war was figured as a violation of the kings' oath to God and to. —Bridget of Sweden, Revelationes celestes 1348
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 11/09/2026
Catherine of Siena, after the opening of the Western Schism, wrote some thirty letters to Urban VI advising him on the conduct of his pontificate. —Catherine of Siena, Letter T291 to Pope Urban VI 291
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 10/09/2026
Christine de Pizan, the most important woman writer of the Latin Middle Ages and the first European woman to make her living by her pen, composed a four-part treatise on the law of arms drawing on Vegetius for military discipline,. —Christine de Pizan, Livre des fais d'armes et de chevalerie 1410
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 10/09/2026
Raymond Lull, writing in the same years as Pierre Dubois's *De recuperatione*, proposed a fundamentally different recovery of the Holy Land. —Raymond Lull, Liber de fine 1305
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Pacis Et Belli @pacisetbelli.bsky.social · 09/09/2026
John of Legnano organized the medieval law of war into a systematic juridical treatise covering, first, the question whether war may ever be lawful (answered affirmatively along Augustinian-Thomistic lines); second, the kinds. —John of Legnano, Tractatus de bello, de represaliis et de duello 1360
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