Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 09 October 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01281-0Tunnelling nanotubes enable mitochondria to be transferred between glioblastoma cells and astrocytes, new research has shown.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 09 October 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01279-8Sleep abnormalities progressively worsen during the premanifest phase of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, new research shows.

Subscription and open access journals from Sage, the world's leading independent academic publisher.

Alzheimer’s disease affects multiple brain regions, but cerebellar cell type‑specific changes are poorly understood. Here, the authors use single‑nucleus multiomics to map disease‑associated regu...

A large-scale study identified 107 brain DNA methylation sites linked to Alzheimer’s pathology, with 38 replicated independently. DNA methylation partially mediated the association between APOE genoty...

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 06 October 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01270-3Clinical decision-making in ischaemic stroke relies mainly on examination and imaging, which offer limited insight into underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, the authors propose a six-phase roadmap for bringing molecular biomarkers into clinical practice, focusing on establishing context of use, assay development, clinical validation and biomarker-guided trials.

Subscription and open access journals from Sage, the world's leading independent academic publisher.

Chen and colleagues use a heterozygous mouse model carrying human APOE2 and APOE4 alleles to show that APOE2 attenuates APOE4- associated effects on brain amyloid pathology and related cellular and mo...

This cohort study evaluates the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and late-life cognitive impairment.

INTRODUCTION Diabetes is associated with elevated risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Disease management with pharmaceutical therapies may mitigate this increased risk, but acc...

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss of expression from the active paternal allele at an imprinted cluster on chromosome 15. Current treatments address individua...

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 09 October 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01280-1The pre-relapse immune signature in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) is enriched for Epstein−Barr virus (EBV)-responsive host genes, according to a new study.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 09 October 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01279-8Sleep abnormalities progressively worsen during the premanifest phase of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, new research shows.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 09 October 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01280-1The pre-relapse immune signature in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) is enriched for Epstein−Barr virus (EBV)-responsive host genes, according to a new study.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 09 October 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01279-8Sleep abnormalities progressively worsen during the premanifest phase of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, new research shows.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 06 October 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01270-3Clinical decision-making in ischaemic stroke relies mainly on examination and imaging, which offer limited insight into underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, the authors propose a six-phase roadmap for bringing molecular biomarkers into clinical practice, focusing on establishing context of use, assay development, clinical validation and biomarker-guided trials.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 06 October 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01270-3Clinical decision-making in ischaemic stroke relies mainly on examination and imaging, which offer limited insight into underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, the authors propose a six-phase roadmap for bringing molecular biomarkers into clinical practice, focusing on establishing context of use, assay development, clinical validation and biomarker-guided trials.

Esteban-García et al. show that using focused ultrasound combined with microbubbles to temporarily open the blood–brain barrier over the substantia nigra,

A digital biomarker can assess upper-limb motor recovery in patients after stroke using a single wrist-worn accelerometer.

Aged cranial bone marrow–derived monocytes fuel chronic neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury, a process reversed by fenofibrate.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 29 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01262-3Exploration of the underlying genetic causes of neurodegenerative disorders has revealed defects in endolysosomal pathways as crucial contributors to neuronal dysfunction and death. This Review provides an overview of mechanisms of lysosomal dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease, focusing particularly on Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 28 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01271-2This Expert Recommendation, on behalf of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis (MAGNIMS) study group, provides recommendations for the practical use of conventional and non-conventional MRI for diagnosis, monitoring and research in aquaporin 4-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease.

Misfolded alpha-Synuclein (α-Syn) accumulation is the defining molecular pathology of Parkinson’s disease (PD), yet blood-based assays remain challenged by the high background of peripheral α-Syn orig...

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 29 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01262-3Exploration of the underlying genetic causes of neurodegenerative disorders has revealed defects in endolysosomal pathways as crucial contributors to neuronal dysfunction and death. This Review provides an overview of mechanisms of lysosomal dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease, focusing particularly on Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 29 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01262-3Exploration of the underlying genetic causes of neurodegenerative disorders has revealed defects in endolysosomal pathways as crucial contributors to neuronal dysfunction and death. This Review provides an overview of mechanisms of lysosomal dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease, focusing particularly on Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 28 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01271-2This Expert Recommendation, on behalf of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis (MAGNIMS) study group, provides recommendations for the practical use of conventional and non-conventional MRI for diagnosis, monitoring and research in aquaporin 4-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 22 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01273-0Multiple modifiable risk factors for dementia commonly co-occur in a large proportion of the population, challenging the distinction between individuals at high risk and the wider population. Dementia prevention should therefore move beyond binary eligibility towards a combination of population-wide prevention and intensive interventions that reflect the continuum of risk.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 28 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01271-2This Expert Recommendation, on behalf of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis (MAGNIMS) study group, provides recommendations for the practical use of conventional and non-conventional MRI for diagnosis, monitoring and research in aquaporin 4-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 21 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01266-zGrowing evidence indicates that brain tumours are associated with distinct gut and oral microbial signatures that influence tumour biology and treatment response. This Review outlines current evidence and highlights technical challenges and strategies for microbiome-informed brain tumour research.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 18 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01267-yAtypical Alzheimer disease (AD) denotes cases that meet the neuropathological criteria for AD but manifest predominantly with non-amnestic network failure. In this Review, the authors argue that atypical AD provides a starting point for studying the mechanisms that shape AD heterogeneity, and they propose a practical multi-axis framework to capture this heterogeneity.

Multi-resolution genetic regulatory atlas of the human brain from single-nucleus transcriptomics of 1,384 donors of diverse ancestries reveals cell type-specific regulation underlying genetic risk of ...

A population-scale single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex provides a perspective of the transcriptomic landscape in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorde...

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex exhibits non-linear, cell-type-specific transcriptional trajectories characterized by dynamic remodelling during development, relative stability in midlife and selec...

Single-nucleus transcriptomics across diverse populations is used to explore how genetic risk for brain disorders affects specific cell types, revealing previously hidden gene–trait associations ...

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 22 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01273-0Multiple modifiable risk factors for dementia commonly co-occur in a large proportion of the population, challenging the distinction between individuals at high risk and the wider population. Dementia prevention should therefore move beyond binary eligibility towards a combination of population-wide prevention and intensive interventions that reflect the continuum of risk.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 22 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01273-0Multiple modifiable risk factors for dementia commonly co-occur in a large proportion of the population, challenging the distinction between individuals at high risk and the wider population. Dementia prevention should therefore move beyond binary eligibility towards a combination of population-wide prevention and intensive interventions that reflect the continuum of risk.

Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a clinically and biologically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder, driven by multiple mechanisms among which are lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction. .....

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 21 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01266-zGrowing evidence indicates that brain tumours are associated with distinct gut and oral microbial signatures that influence tumour biology and treatment response. This Review outlines current evidence and highlights technical challenges and strategies for microbiome-informed brain tumour research.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 21 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01266-zGrowing evidence indicates that brain tumours are associated with distinct gut and oral microbial signatures that influence tumour biology and treatment response. This Review outlines current evidence and highlights technical challenges and strategies for microbiome-informed brain tumour research.

Parkinson’s disease has been epidemiologically linked to kidney function, but the extent of their shared genetic basis remains unclear. Here, the authors integrate genome-wide genetic correlation, ple...

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 14 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01268-xSomatic mosaicism is now recognized as widespread in the human brain and a potential contributor to neurological disease across the lifespan. This Review outlines how developmental timing, clonal structure and cell-type pressures shape variant effects and summarizes advances and limitations in detection methods.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 18 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01267-yAtypical Alzheimer disease (AD) denotes cases that meet the neuropathological criteria for AD but manifest predominantly with non-amnestic network failure. In this Review, the authors argue that atypical AD provides a starting point for studying the mechanisms that shape AD heterogeneity, and they propose a practical multi-axis framework to capture this heterogeneity.

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 18 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01267-yAtypical Alzheimer disease (AD) denotes cases that meet the neuropathological criteria for AD but manifest predominantly with non-amnestic network failure. In this Review, the authors argue that atypical AD provides a starting point for studying the mechanisms that shape AD heterogeneity, and they propose a practical multi-axis framework to capture this heterogeneity.

Increased expression of EBV reactivation genes in B cells and MS risk genes targeted by the EBV protein EBNA-2 precedes MS attacks, linking EBV reactivation and genetic risk to the development of MS r...

Narcolepsy type 1 is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, disrupted sleep, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic or hypnopompic hallucinations. Oveporexton (TAK-861), an oral orexin ...

Genome-wide association analyses of Alzheimer’s disease stratified by APOE carrier status identify variants whose effects are attenuated or augmented by the ε4 risk allele.

Tunneling nanotube-like (TNT) connections allow mitochondrial exchange between tumor cells and its tumor microenvironment. Here, the authors show that TNT connections mediate bidirectional mitochondri...

Nature Reviews Neurology, Published online: 09 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01269-wA phase III trial of obinutuzumab β shows striking efficacy in aquaporin-4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. The findings reinforce B cell depletion as a therapeutic principle while raising a more fundamental question: which B cell populations must be depleted, and how completely?