Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 01 October 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01214-2Benefit with post-consolidation blinatumomab in newly diagnosed high-risk B-ALL

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 24 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01204-4Radiation oncology involves complex, data-intensive clinical workflows, which makes this medical specialty an ideal setting for leveraging the unique capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI). The authors of this Review present examples of successful AI applications in radiation oncology, present the current challenges for successful clinical implementation of these applications and discuss broader implications, such as the need to ensure safe and optimal use of AI in order to improve patient outcomes.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 22 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01212-4Tambotatug pelitecan — a potential new second-line treatment option for SCLC

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 21 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01203-5The extracellular matrix (ECM) has a role in all aspects of cancer progression and thus provides a rich source of potential tumour biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Nonetheless, early efforts at clinical translation have failed to provide ECM-specific clinical tools or therapies. In this Review, the authors describe novel technologies and how these are being leveraged to better inform our understanding of the role of the ECM in cancer development and progression as well as how this new knowledge and capabilities might lead to novel biomarkers and/or ECM-targeting therapies.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 17 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01208-0Publisher Correction: Antibody–drug conjugates in gynaecological cancers: opportunities and challenges

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 17 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01206-2A new chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell product consists of autologous T cells expressing an affinity-tuned glypican 3-targeted CAR and armoured to secrete a dominant-negative TGFβ receptor II. This cell product was tested in 36 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and, although the initial efficacy results were promising, antigen loss and limited progression-free survival remain concerns. Here we discuss what else is needed to bring CAR T cells for solid tumours into the clinic.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 16 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01207-1Preliminary efficacy with daraxonrasib demonstrated in RAS-mutant NSCLC

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 11 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01205-3Publisher Correction: Beyond cold to hot: oncolytic virotherapy as the next cornerstone of immuno-oncology

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 07 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01202-6Liver resection improves survival in patients with locally advanced HCC

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 03 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01198-zThe development of diverse immunotherapeutic modalities has revolutionized the treatment of cancer but the effectiveness of these therapies remains restricted by fundamental mechanistic limitations relating to the generation of tumour-specific T cells, and their activation and/or access into the tumour microenvironment. In this Perspective, the authors position oncolytic viruses as a foundational immuno-oncology platform for systemic immune reprogramming to simultaneously overcome these availability, activation and admission barriers, and delineate four pillars for the development of a new generation of oncolytic virotherapies.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 27 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01200-8Belzutifan plus lenvatinib delays disease progression in advanced-stage RCC

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 26 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01199-yThe global cancer burden is projected to rise substantially in the coming decades, driven largely by population growth and ageing. Yet cancer patterns and outcomes vary widely across regions, reflecting differences in exposures, healthcare capacity and access to care. Translating these evolving epidemiological patterns into effective and equitable cancer-control strategies is increasingly urgent.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 19 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01190-7Despite considerable progress in other cancer types, progress with the development of targeted therapies for patients with glioblastoma has remained limited, despite considerable research effort. In this Review, the authors summarize the various attempts to develop effective targeted therapies for patients with glioblastoma, including some of the challenges that have likely impaired progress thus far. The authors also highlight novel therapies, clinical trial designs and research directions that have been informed by the shortcomings of previous research efforts, all of which might eventually lead to improved outcomes for patients.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 12 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01194-3The phase III FIGHT-302 trial demonstrated that the FGFR inhibitor pemigatinib improves progression-free survival and response rates versus first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced-stage FGFR2-rearranged cholangiocarcinoma. However, the trial accrued slowly and closed early after chemoimmunotherapy became the new standard of care. FIGHT-302, alongside two similarly terminated trials, highlights the need for innovative trial designs and flexible regulatory frameworks to evaluate therapies in rare, biomarker-defined populations.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 12 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41598-026-66068-1Multi-level violence recognition via hybrid convolutional-attention and recurrent architectures

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 11 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01193-4PROTEUS met its amended co-primary end points but should not be interpreted as practice changing. The trial compared two experimental strategies rather than the current standard of care, relied on an unvalidated approach (prostate-specific membrane antigen-PET) for assessments of metastasis-free survival, demonstrated minimal absolute benefit with increased toxicity and lacks both mature overall survival data and sufficient data on patient-reported outcomes to support adoption.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 10 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01196-1Yue and colleagues present a landmark anatomical atlas of human protein abundance across non-malignant tissues and cancers. We argue that precision oncology needs functional proteomic maps that add signalling activity, post-translational modifications, pathology-guided compartment resolution, metastatic and longitudinal sampling, clinical annotation and population diversity to make proteomics therapeutically actionable.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 07 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01197-0HCT–ASCT confirmed as standard-of-care consolidation therapy for PCNSL

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 07 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01189-0Oncology clinical trials are characterized by high failure rates — reflecting both the biological complexity of cancer and operational inefficiencies — and the generalizability of their results is often limited. In this Review, the authors discuss opportunities to address these limitations via application of artificial intelligence tools across the lifecycle of clinical trials as well as key challenges that must be overcome for routine clinical deployment of these tools.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 04 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01195-2Benefit from perioperative enfortumab vedotin–pembrolizumab in cisplatin-eligible MIBC

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 31 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01191-6In MonumenTAL-3, the G-protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 memberD-directed bispecific T cell engager talquetamab combined with either daratumumab or daratumumab–pomalidomide conferred significantly longer progression-free survival than daratumumab–pomalidomide–dexamethasone in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (≥1 prior line of therapy). These results herald a new therapeutic option for such patients but also raise questions regarding how talquetamab-based regimens should be integrated with B cell maturation antigen-directed T cell-redirecting therapies.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 30 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01188-1With the expanded use of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in combination, clinicians increasingly face overlapping toxicity profiles with uncertain attribution. The authors of this Review propose a framework that links three interacting layers: immune activation, payload cytotoxicity and payload-independent effects, and provide practical algorithms for evaluation, initial management and treatment resumption in patients receiving ADC monotherapy or ICI–ADC combinations.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 29 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01186-3Current treatment approaches for patients with multiple myeloma are characterized by a ‘more is better’ philosophy aiming for deep and long-term clinical responses. The authors of this Review challenge this paradigm, presenting several de-escalation strategies that do not compromise long-term efficacy and proposing a framework for the design of trials testing further de-escalation approaches.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 28 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01192-5Since the introduction of vaping with electronic cigarettes in the late 2000s, controversy has continued to exist regarding the risks and benefits. Many studies indicate that electronic cigarettes are an effective smoking-cessation tool. Now, a large database analysis by Kim et al. provides a glimpse of the risks of lung cancer for smokers who quit with versus without vaping.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 24 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01181-8Advances in multimodal analyses of diverse cell types and cellular products present in the blood have presented opportunities to non-invasively and repeatedly assess systemic immune dynamics, predict and monitor responses to immunotherapies, and detect emerging resistance in patients with cancer. In this Review, the authors discuss various insights on systemic antitumour immune responses that can be gleaned through such liquid biopsy-based analysis of circulating tumour-derived biomarkers and/or immune cells and their implications for immunotherapy.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 20 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01183-6Interim data from the phase III OptiTROP-Lung05 trial demonstrate that adding the TROP2-targeted antibody–drug conjugate sacituzumab tirumotecan to pembrolizumab improves progression-free survival in patients with PD-L1-positive advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. Herein, I present several questions that need to be addressed before this combination can be considered a new standard of care, such as effect on overall survival, long-term safety, global generalizability and biomarker refinement.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 16 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01187-2Second-line 177Lu-edotreotide shows promise in GEP NETs

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 16 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01182-7Crossover in trials should not be viewed as confounding, but as informative. Crossover reveals whether deferring therapy produces outcomes comparable to those from earlier use. Statistical crossover-adjustment methods carry unaccounted biases and limited clinical utility. Crossover should instead guide treatment-sequencing decisions, weighing toxicity and cost against any overall survival benefit from earlier intervention.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 14 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01184-5The future of ciltacabtagene autoleucel in multiple myeloma has just begun

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 14 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01185-4Ciltacabtagene autoleucel heralds the arrival of fixed-duration therapies in myeloma

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 09 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01179-2CRISPR–Cas technologies provide a modular, programmable platform for sequence-specific targeting of DNA or RNA and have advanced from experimental molecular biology tools to clinical translation. This Review describes current and emerging applications of CRISPR–Cas platforms in oncology, including their use in discovery research, diagnostics and therapeutics.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 30 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01174-7Perioperative chemoimmunotherapy, comprising platinum-doublet chemotherapy plus an anti-PD-(L)1 antibody, has become the standard-of-care approach for patients with resectable non-small-cell lung cancer without an actionable driver alteration. However, the development of this approach has thus far been largely empirical, with limited capacity for adaptation of treatment strategies to better meet the needs of individual patients. In this Review, the authors discuss the potential for improvements in the current approach to perioperative therapy, including de-escalation for those with a pathological complete response, the capacity of various baseline and/or dynamic biomarkers to optimize outcomes, and the potential for escalation in patients with early evidence of a lack of responsiveness in the perioperative setting.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 26 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01180-9Modern oncology has built highly efficient pathways for patent-protected innovation, but no equivalent machinery for evaluating and developing promising off-patent therapeutics. Herein, we frame ‘open-source oncology’ as a parallel public-interest infrastructure to test, authorize and implement credible generic agents. Designed to translate ownerless evidence into standard-of-care treatments, this framework applies the same scientific seriousness devoted to proprietary drugs, decoupling clinical value from commercial ownership.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 19 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01165-8Over the past decades, cancer epidemiology trends have substantially shifted in China, with a rapid increase in incidence of cancers that are most common in high-income countries and a substantial decline in incidence of cancers historically prevalent in China. The authors of this Review provide an overview of cancer epidemiology in China, a major contributor to global cancer burden, and discuss national cancer control policies and targets.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 17 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01168-5The therapeutic landscape of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer is rapidly evolving, with recent phase III trials demonstrating, for the first time, meaningful overall survival improvements beyond bevacizumab-based therapy. Herein we discuss how trials such as MIRASOL and, more recently, ENGOT-ov65/KEYNOTE-B96 and GOG30173/ENGOT-ov72/ROSELLA have established new standards of care through distinct biologically driven therapies and outline the new challenges that these approaches expose.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 17 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01164-9Three antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are currently approved for previously treated gynaecological cancers: mirvetuximab soravtansine for folate receptor-α-positive ovarian cancer, trastuzumab deruxtecan for solid tumours expressing HER2 and tisotumab vedotin for cervical cancer (independent of tissue factor expression). The authors of this Review discuss current priorities in the clinical development of ADCs for gynaecological cancers, such as identifying novel targets, understanding mechanisms of resistance and sequencing strategies, and managing toxicities, highlighting key advances and future opportunities.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 15 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01178-3Teclistamab monotherapy improves survival in RRMM

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 12 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01177-4Potential new standard of care for resectable gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma in Asia

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 12 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01176-5Daraxonrasib effective in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 11 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01172-9Adjuvant selpercatinib shows benefit in patients with NSCLC

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 11 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01175-6Ivonescimab improves overall survival

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 11 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01173-8From ASCO 2026

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 10 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01160-zDespite considerable improvements in the outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), many outstanding research questions remain unanswered. Furthermore, significant findings from successful phase III trials have not always been translated into guideline-recommended therapies, implying a need for improved standardization of trial end points. In this Consensus Statement, representatives of four major societies (the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), the International Liver Cancer Association (ILCA) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)) convened to provide guidance on end point selection for clinical trials conducted in various settings including surveillance, and early-stage, intermediate-stage and advanced-stage HCC.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 10 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01161-yTraditional radiotherapy approaches involve the delivery of a uniform radiation dose to the entire tumour. Despite considerable effectiveness, this approach comes with the limitations of a lack of activity against larger tumour volumes as well as off-target irradiation of surrounding non-malignant tissues. Spatially fractionated radiotherapy, involving deliberate non-uniform irradiation, has the potential to address these challenges, with early data suggesting safety and activity in patients with advanced-stage cancers. In this Review, the authors describe the emerging role of spatially fractionated radiotherapy in the management of patients with cancer.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 09 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01170-xRecent data from the RECITE trial indicating that the thrombopoietin receptor agonist romiplostim ameliorates chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia offer hope for the first drug treatment for this condition. However, the ultimate goal is not to improve platelet counts but patient outcomes, and RECITE does not offer evidence of survival or quality-of-life benefits that truly matter to patients.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 08 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01159-6Ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel) has transformed the outcomes of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, yet its toxicity profile — spanning acute and delayed-onset neurotoxicity, secondary malignancies, immune effector-cell colitis, infections and prolonged cytopenias — has emerged slowly. As safer alternatives become available, the risk–benefit calculus for cilta-cel demands urgent reassessment, particularly in earlier lines of therapy.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 08 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01167-6The Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee’s decision to allow tumour-agnostic reimbursement of nivolumab and ipilimumab is a bold experiment that involves a considerable level of risk-sharing between government, industry, clinicians and patients. The central policy challenge now is whether Australia has sufficient infrastructure and initiative to convert this access into timely and decision-relevant evidence. Reimbursement that accelerates access despite uncertainty carries an obligation to learn.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 03 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01166-7Ibrutinib improves overall survival in patients with mantle cell lymphoma

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 02 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01169-4First-line zanidatamab–chemotherapy with or without tislelizumab improves survival in advanced-stage HER2+ GEA

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 20 May 2026; doi:10.1038/s41571-026-01163-wKidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is overexpressed in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and consistent shedding of this cell-surface protein into the circulation makes it a promising blood-based biomarker for this disease. Herein, we outline potential roles of circulating KIM-1 in diagnosis, prognostication and therapeutic monitoring of RCC, as well as research priorities for clinical translation of this biomarker.