iiinova — where your digital self keeps evolving

Nature Nanotechnology @natnano.nature.com · 11/09/2026

In our September 2026 issue, we cover Plasmonic nanocavities, Upconverting nanoparticles for imaging, Blue-emitting QD/SiNx lasers, Self-assembled contacts, Li+ separation, Spectral biophysical cytometry, Gold nanocages against amyloids, & much more. www.nature.com/nnano/volume...

The cover image shows protein–gold hybrid nanostructures traversing the blood–brain barrier and extravasating from cerebral blood vessels to target cerebral amyloid-β plaques.

Qi, T., Fu, J., Wang, Y. et al. Computationally guided design of bioactive nanostructures for targeted clearance of amyloid-β aggregates in Alzheimer’s disease. Nat. Nanotechnol. 21, 1316–1326 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-026-02225-x

IMAGE: Tianyi Qi, Nankai University. COVER DESIGN: Vanitha Selvarajan

022

Nature Nanotechnology @natnano.nature.com · 14/08/2026

Join Nature Conferences at Princeton University this October for the 4th Frontiers in Electron and Scanning Probe Microscopy for the Physical and Life Sciences. natureconferences.streamgo.live/4th-frontier...

010

Nature Nanotechnology @natnano.nature.com · 13/08/2026

Our August 2026 issue is here: We cover Excitonic insulators, Nano-oscillators, Inverted perovskite photovoltaics, Ionic-liquid-anchored catalysts, Nanocoating of battery electrodes, Mesoporous protein crystals, Lipogel implants & more. www.nature.com/nnano/volume... #nanotechnology #nanoscience

The cover image depicts mesoporous protein crystals growing inside living cells and developing patterned layers of distinct colours through sequential chemical programming. Each colour represents a different chemical handle for cargo immobilization, enabling diverse cargos to be positioned with precision throughout the lattice.

Image: Hongru Yang, the Johns Hopkins University. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan.

Yang, H., et al. Programmed synthesis of mesoporous protein crystals in cellular reactors. Nat. Nanotechnol. 21, 1184–1192 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-026-02198-x

Abstract:
Protein crystals are naturally derived mesoporous materials with versatile structures and physicochemical properties. Here we introduce an intracellular synthesis platform that enables controllable and programmable protein crystallization. In live cells, we show that, after initial nucleation, steady protein expression governs crystal growth, yielding predictable, tunable dynamics in live cells. Exploiting this feature, we combined HaloTag and click chemistries to achieve modular, programmable immobilization of diverse guest materials with spatial patterning down to ~100 nm resolution. We further demonstrated the sequential release of immobilized materials in physiologically relevant fluids. As a proof of concept, we programmed particles to carry human fibroblast growth factors in distinct layers, which elicited designed oscillatory Akt signalling patterns in cell culture. This work outlines a programmable method for producing mesoporous materials, with possible applications in catalysis and biomedicine.

010

Nature Nanotechnology @natnano.nature.com · 19/07/2026

📯In our July 2026 issue: - Perovskite Heteroepitaxy - Metal–Ligand Redox - Nanopore Proteomics - Synthetic Protein Walker - Chemotherapy Algebot - Electrolyte Engineering - LNP Prime-Editing - NanoPROTAC Immunomodulation and more.🤩 www.nature.com/nnano/volume... #Nanotechnology #Nanosciences

The cover image shows a 2D–3D spiral heterostructure formed by coherent van der Waals epitaxy of 3D perovskite single crystals on a 2D perovskite template.

Image: Ming Xia, Westlake University. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan.

Original paper: Ming Xia (夏明) et al. Coherent 2D–3D van der Waals perovskite epitaxial heterostructures. Nat. Nanotechnol. 21, 948–956 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-026-02201-5

Abstract
Precise control and a clear understanding of the interfaces between 2D and 3D perovskites remain limited by structural disorder, interfacial defects and poorly defined growth pathways. Here we report a strategy for coherent van der Waals cross-dimensional epitaxy, in which 3D MASnI3 (MA: methylammonium) single crystals are grown directly on 2D (3T)2SnI4 (3T: tri-thiophenylethylammonium) templates. This approach achieves deterministic control over domain orientation, density and coverage, yielding planar heterostructures with atomically sharp and structurally coherent interfaces. Low-dose aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy and ptychographic imaging resolve the heterointerface in real space, revealing ordered spacer ligands and uniform interfacial passivation. The epitaxial growth tolerates topological defects in the 2D templates, giving rise to spiral heterostructures with pronounced chiroptical responses. The method further extends from microscale domains to macroscopic single-crystal heterostructure thin films, bridging fundamental epitaxy and device-relevant architectures. These heterostructures support efficient charge separation and transport, exhibiting gate-tunable rectification ratios exceeding 106 with robust operational stability. These results define a general route to coherent cross-dimensional epitaxy and establish a versatile platform for scalable perovskite optoelectronics.

050

Nature Nanotechnology @natnano.nature.com · 26/06/2026

Our June 2026 Issue is now online. 🎉 - Nanoribbon Transistors - Superconductivity in Twisted Graphene - Engineering Perovskites - Synthetic RNA Condensates - Monolithic Electrocatalysts - B-Cell Tumor Immunity - Challenges in Mechanobiology & more. www.nature.com/nnano/volume...

The pseudocolour image shows B cells (green) on cancer cells (pink) seen with an electron microscope. Nanoparticle-mediated recruitment of B cells into tumours can exert an anti-tumour effect and generate immune memory that prevents relapse.

Aggarwal, H., Gupta, N., Sengupta, A. et al. Activating a B cell immune response regresses immunologically cold tumours. Nat. Nanotechnol. 21, 892–903 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-026-02170-9

020

Nature Nanotechnology @natnano.nature.com · 20/05/2026

Our May 2026 issue is now live. - Silicon quantum processor, - Quantum-coherent emission in the O-band, - Printed MoS2 neuromorphic hardware, - H2 storage systems, - Efficient Zn batteries, - Glycocalyx at the nanoscale, & much more. www.nature.com/nnano/volume... #Nanotechnology #Nanoscience

The image features the molecular structure of water, whose ground-state energy is computed using a logical quantum processor in silicon. Using two logical qubits, a variational quantum eigensolver calculates the electronic ground state of the water molecule.

030

Nature Nanotechnology @natnano.nature.com · 26/03/2026

Browse our March 2026 issue: - Superionic composite electrolytes, - 3D helical devices from magnetic Weyl semimetal, - Super-moiré spin textures, - Enzymatic microbubble robots, - Mucus-tethering bispecific nanobodies, and more.... www.nature.com/nnano/volume...

The cover page illustrates the evolution of magnetic domains in 0.5° twisted double bilayer CrI3, where emergent textures extend far beyond the unit moiré cell.

See article: Super-moiré spin textures in twisted two-dimensional antiferromagnets https://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-025-02103-y

IMAGE: Jackson Ross/Ruoming Peng/Elton Santos. COVER DESIGN: Vanitha Selvarajan

020

Nature Nanotechnology @natnano.nature.com · 23/02/2026

In our February 2026 issue: - Band-hybridized Selenium contact, - Phonon engineering, - Strain evolution in single-crystal electrodes, - Nanodomains in condensates, - DNA origami pharmacokinetics, - Carbon nanotube sensors, and much more... www.nature.com/nnano/volume... #Nanotechnology

Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan.

The cover image shows a defect-modified carbon nanotube interacting with proteins in blood. These interactions form a biomolecular corona for sensing biomarkers responsible for brain tumours.

Article by Goerzen, D., et al. Machine perception liquid biopsy identifies brain tumours via systemic immune and tumour microenvironment signature. Nat. Nanotechnol. 21, 277–287 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02080-2

Abstract
The detection and identification of intracranial tumours is limited by the lack of accurate biomarkers and requires invasive biopsy procedures. We investigated a machine perception liquid biopsy approach to detect and identify intracranial tumours from peripheral blood and to discover biomarkers responsible for the predictions. Quantum well defect-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes stabilized with single-stranded DNA, interrogating 739 plasma samples from brain tumour patients, were used to train and validate machine-learning models to detect intracranial tumours with 98% accuracy and identify tumour type. The protein corona of the top model-contributing nanosensor was interrogated using quantitative proteomics, resulting in the identification of tumour ecosystem-secreted factors, both previously reported and newly discovered, originating from intracranial tumour cells, the tumour microenvironment and the innate immune system of patients with glioblastoma and meningioma. Newly discovered factors elicited linear nanosensor responses and were elevated in one or both tumour types, matching the original protein corona enrichment. This investigation reveals that a perception-based detection of disease in blood can identify biomarkers responsible for the signal and also amplify cancer detection signals by detecting factors beyond tumour cells, thereby recruiting the entire tumour ecosystem for cancer diagnosis.

010

Nature Nanotechnology @natnano.nature.com · 23/12/2025

In our December 2025 issue: Quantum photonic chip, Superconductivity in epitaxial thin films, Supramolecular chemical recycling, Quantum resistance memristor, Reversible DNA inorganic crystals, Soft bioelectronics, Anti-oxidative nanoscavengers, & more www.nature.com/nnano/volume...

COVER IMAGE

Supra-recyclable polymers

The image on the cover shows monomer crystals directly recycled from supramolecular polymers without using catalysts or solvents.

Article: s41565-025-02041-9

Image: Ling Liu, East China University of Science and Technology
Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan

030

Nature Nanotechnology @natnano.nature.com · 17/10/2025

Now online: October 2025 Issue. - Focus Issue on #biosensing, - DNA moiré superlattices, - Sugars at Ångström-resolution, - Solid-state #nanopores, - Non-aqueous Li #batteries, - - Neuromorphic vision, - Peptide #hydrogels, - Deep learning for #LNPs and more... www.nature.com/nnano/volume...

The image on the cover shows two sugars from the same cell-surface glycan separated by 9 Å, visualized with RESI (resolution enhancement by sequential imaging) enabled by metabolic labelling with DNA barcodes.

IMAGE: Luciano A. Masullo, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Germany.

COVER DESIGN: Vanitha Selvarajan

Original paper: Masullo, L.A., et al. Ångström-resolution imaging of cell-surface glycans. Nat. Nanotechnol. 20, 1457–1463 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-01966-5

Abstract: Glycobiology is rooted in the study of monosaccharides, ångström-sized molecules that are the building blocks of glycosylation. Glycosylated biomolecules form the glycocalyx, a dense coat encasing every human cell with central relevance—among others—in immunology, oncology and virology. To understand glycosylation function, visualizing its molecular structure is fundamental. However, the ability to visualize the molecular architecture of the glycocalyx has remained challenging. Techniques such as mass spectrometry, electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy lack the necessary cellular context, specificity and resolution. Here we combine resolution enhancement by sequential imaging with metabolic labelling, enabling the visualization of individual sugars within glycans on the cell surface, thus obtaining images of the glycocalyx with a spatial resolution down to 9 Å in an optical microscope.

085

Nature Nanotechnology @natnano.nature.com · 18/09/2025

Now online: September 2025 issue covers - Nanoneedle biopsy, - Retinomorphic photodiodes, - Chiral emission in photonic crystal, - Nanoporous carbon electrodes, - Stabilizing photocatalysts for H2 production, - Endosomal escape of LNP & more. www.nature.com/nnano/volume... #Nanotechnology

012

Nature Nanotechnology @natnano.nature.com · 01/08/2025

New Perspective Article: A roadmap for next-generation nanomotors. "to inspire future generations of researchers to advance both fundamental understanding & practical breakthroughs, thereby engineering a paradigm shift in #nanomotor research." #SystemsMaterials www.nature.com/articles/s41...

The Evolution of Nanomotors Over 20 Years and Beyond.

Early research focused on achieving controlled motion at the single-particle level, powered by energy harvesting from various external sources or in situ chemical reactions. As studies progressed, particle–particle interactions inspired developments in multi-agent control and the emergence of nanomotor assemblies. More recently, swarming behaviours have demonstrated higher levels of autonomy and navigation, mimicking collective behaviours found in nature. Looking ahead, future nanomotors are expected to possess precise control, environmental responsiveness, information storage and retrieval, task execution, and multifunctional capabilities.

Chen, S., Fan, D.E., Fischer, P. et al. A roadmap for next-generation nanomotors. Nat. Nanotechnol. (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-01962-9

030

Nature Nanotechnology @natnano.nature.com · 18/07/2025

In our July 2025 issue, we cover - Operando X-rays for CO2 electrolysers. - High-fidelity spin shuttling. - Twisted light with polar topology. - Programmable nanoreactors. - Nanoparticle corona ligands. - Oral gene editing nanoparticles & more. www.nature.com/nnano/volume... #Nanotechnology

022

Nature Nanotechnology @natnano.nature.com · 23/06/2025

In our June 2025 issue, we cover - Next-generation perovskite photovoltaics, - DNA computing & data storage, - Majorana stability, - Superelasticity in GeSe ceramics, - Li batteries, - Pt nanocatalysts, - mRNA vaccines against malaria, & much more. www.nature.com/nnano/volume...

The cover image captures a snapshot of the cubic methylammonium lead tribromide perovskite lattice dynamics, revealing a picosecond-lived octahedral out-of-phase tilt nanodomain that has a significant influence on the material's macroscopic performance.

Dubajic, M., et al. Nat. Nanotechnol. 20, 755–763 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-01917-0

Abstract
Lead halide perovskites have emerged as promising materials for solar energy conversion and X-ray detection owing to their remarkable optoelectronic properties. However, the microscopic origins of their superior performance remain unclear. Here we show that low-symmetry dynamic nanodomains present in the high-symmetry average cubic phases, whose characteristics are dictated by the A-site cation, govern the macroscopic behaviour. We combine X-ray diffuse scattering, inelastic neutron spectroscopy, hyperspectral photoluminescence microscopy and machine-learning-assisted molecular dynamics simulations to directly correlate local nanoscale dynamics with macroscopic optoelectronic response. Our approach reveals that methylammonium-based perovskites form densely packed, anisotropic dynamic nanodomains with out-of-phase octahedral tilting, whereas formamidinium-based systems develop sparse, isotropic, spherical nanodomains with in-phase tilting, even when crystallography reveals cubic symmetry on average. We demonstrate that these sparsely distributed isotropic nanodomains present in formamidinium-based systems reduce electronic dynamic disorder, resulting in a beneficial optoelectronic response, thereby enhancing the performance of formamidinium-based lead halide perovskite devices. By elucidating the influence of the A-site cation on local dynamic nanodomains, and consequently, on the macroscopic properties, we propose leveraging this relationship to engineer the optoelectronic response of these materials, propelling further advancements in perovskite-based photovoltaics, optoelectronics, and X-ray imaging.

032

Nature Nanotechnology @natnano.nature.com · 22/05/2025

Our May 2025 issue is now online. We cover aspects of PEG challenges in nanomedicine, reproducibility issues in battery research, a strategy for nanomedicine efficacy, the RNA origami cytoskeletons for engineering synthetic cells, and much more. www.nature.com/nnano/volume...

Coverline: Synthetic cells get RNA origami hardware.
The image on the cover shows co-transcriptionally folded RNA nanorings, highlighting the phenotypic plasticity of RNA origami cytoskeletal structures.

Image: Mai P. Tran, Heidelberg University. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan

Citation: Tran, M.P., Chakraborty, T., Poppleton, E. et al. Genetic encoding and expression of RNA origami cytoskeletons in synthetic cells. Nat. Nanotechnol. 20, 664–671 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-01879-3

Abstract: Bottom-up synthetic biology seeks to engineer a cell from molecular building blocks. Using DNA nanotechnology, building blocks, such as cytoskeletons, have been reverse-engineered. However, DNA nanostructures rely on chemical synthesis and thermal annealing, and therefore synthetic cells cannot produce them from their constituents such as nucleotides. Here we introduce RNA origami cytoskeleton mimics as alternative nucleic acid-based molecular hardware for synthetic cells, which we express directly inside giant unilamellar lipid vesicles (GUVs) containing a DNA template and a polymerase, chemically fuelled by feeding nucleotides from the outside. We designed RNA origami tiles that fold upon transcription and self-assemble into micrometre-long, three-dimensional RNA origami nanotubes under isothermal conditions. We observe that sequence mutations on the DNA template lead to RNA origami nanotubes and closed-ring phenotypes. Molecular dynamics simulations show that these phenotypic transitions are governed by alterations in the stability of RNA secondary structures. In addition, we achieve cortex formation with aptamer-functionalized RNA nanotubes and show that nanotube polymerization leads to membrane deformation. Altogether, our data suggest that the expression of RNA origami-based hardware will help to explore active, evolvable and RNA-based synthetic cells.

040

Nature Nanotechnology @natnano.nature.com · 24/04/2025

In our April 2025 issue: - Ultrathin relaxor films. - GHz magnetization dynamics in Mn3Sn. - Deep-blue perovskite LEDs. - Electrocatalyst for methanol from CO2 reduction. - Customizable VLPs for gene therapy. - Nanopore discrimination of rare earth elements & more. www.nature.com/nnano/volume...

The image on the cover shows the in-plane polarization of polar nanodomains of a 10-nm-thick 0.68PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-0.32PbTiO3 relaxor ferroelectric thin film.

Image: Jieun Kim (KAIST), Yubo Qi (University of Alabama at Birmingham). Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan.

Original article: Kim, J. et al. Size-driven phase evolution in ultrathin relaxor films. Nat. Nanotechnol. 20, 478–486 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-01863-x

Abstract: Relaxor ferroelectrics (relaxors) are a special class of ferroelectrics with polar nanodomains (PNDs), which present characteristics such as slim hysteresis loops and strong dielectric relaxation. Applications such as nanoelectromechanical systems, capacitive-energy storage and pyroelectric-energy harvesters require thin-film relaxors. Hence, understanding relaxor behaviour in the ultrathin limit is of both fundamental and technological importance. Here the evolution of relaxor phases and PNDs with thickness is explored in prototypical thin relaxor films. Epitaxial 0.68PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-0.32PbTiO3 films of various nanometre thicknesses are grown by pulsed-laser deposition and characterized by ferroelectric and dielectric measurements, temperature-dependent synchrotron X-ray diffuse scattering, scanning transmission electron microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. As the film thickness approaches the length of the long axis of the PNDs (25–30 nm), electrostatically driven phase instabilities induce their rotation towards the plane of the films, stabilize the relaxor behaviour and give rise to anisotropic phase evolution along the out-of-plane and in-plane directions. The complex anisotropic evolution of relaxor properties ends in a collapse of the relaxor behaviour when the film thickness reaches the smallest dimension of the PNDs (6–10 nm). These findings establish that PNDs define the critical length scale for the evolution of relaxor behaviour at the nanoscale.

030

Nature Nanotechnology @natnano.nature.com · 19/03/2025

In our March 2025 issue, www.nature.com/nnano/volume... - Non-aqueous sodium metal batteries, - Imaging nonlinear optics in van der Waals waveguides, - Crystalline perovskites for µ-LED's, - Time-shared optical tweezer microrheology, - AND-gated Protease-activated nanosensors, and much more.

The image on the cover shows artistic representation of the formation process of a sodium fluoride interphase on a sodium metal surface by the reduction of fluorinated sodium salts solvated by a presalt solvent.

Image: Xi Chen, University of Maryland. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan.

Original article: Li, AM., Zavalij, P.Y., Omenya, F. et al. Salt-in-presalt electrolyte solutions for high-potential non-aqueous sodium metal batteries. Nat. Nanotechnol. 20, 388–396 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-024-01848-2

Abstract
Room-temperature non-aqueous sodium metal batteries are viable candidates for cost-effective and safe electrochemical energy storage. However, they show low specific energy and poor cycle life as the use of conventional organic-based non-aqueous electrolyte solutions enables the formation of interphases that cannot prevent degradations at the positive and negative electrodes. Here, to promote the formation of inorganic NaF-rich interphases on both negative and positive electrodes, we propose the salt-in-presalt (SIPS) electrolyte formulation strategy. In SIPS, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaFSI) salt is dissolved in the liquid precursor of the sodium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (NaTFSI) salt, that is, N,N-dimethyltrifluoromethane-sulfonamide, called PreTFSI. The prepared 0.5 M NaFSI in PreTFSI (SIPS5) electrolyte solution shows an electrochemical stability up to 6.7 V versus Na|Na+ and enables a Na stripping/plating average Coulombic efficiency of 99.7% at 2.0 mA cm−2 and 4.0 mAh cm−2 in Na||Al cell configuration. By testing SIPS5 in Na metal and ‘anode-less’ coin and pouch cell configurations using NaNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 or sulfurized polyacrylonitrile as positive electrode active materials, we demonstrate the ability of the SIPS strategy to deliver improved specific discharge capacity and capacity retentions at high cell potentials and moderate applied specific currents for cell cycle life up to 1,000 cycles.

041

Nature Nanotechnology @natnano.nature.com · 19/02/2025

In our February 2025 issue: - Tech Feature on renewable hydrogen & solar cells. - Quantum circuits. - Electronic correlations in rhombohedral graphene. - β-Li3N solid-state electrolyte. - NIR-II scattering Au superclusters. - Targeted protein degradation, & more... www.nature.com/nnano/volume...

The cover image shows numerical simulations of entanglement generation and distribution across an array of qubits, each encoded in the joint state of two hole spins.

Image credits: Elizaveta Morozova, Xin Zhang, Vandersypen Lab, QuTech, Delft University of Technology. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan.

Source article:
Universal control of four singlet–triplet qubits. Nat. Nanotechnol. 20, 209–215 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-024-01817-9

Abstract: The coherent control of interacting spins in semiconductor quantum dots is of strong interest for quantum information processing and for studying quantum magnetism from the bottom up. Here we present a 2 × 4 germanium quantum dot array with full and controllable interactions between nearest-neighbour spins. As a demonstration of the level of control, we define four singlet–triplet qubits in this system and show two-axis single-qubit control of each qubit and SWAP-style two-qubit gates between all neighbouring qubit pairs, yielding average single-qubit gate fidelities of 99.49(8)–99.84(1)% and Bell state fidelities of 73(1)–90(1)%. Combining these operations, we experimentally implement a circuit designed to generate and distribute entanglement across the array. A remote Bell state with a fidelity of 75(2)% and concurrence of 22(4)% is achieved. These results highlight the potential of singlet–triplet qubits as a competing platform for quantum computing and indicate that scaling up the control of quantum dot spins in extended bilinear arrays can be feasible.

060

Nature Nanotechnology @natnano.nature.com · 22/01/2025

In January 2025 issue 📮 - Optoelectronic memristor, - Colloidal liquid metals, - Syntropic nanoreactors, - Neuromodulation with magnetoelectric nanodiscs, - Targeting of nanoparticles to the lung, - Combinatorial design of mRNA lipid nanoparticles, & more... 👉 www.nature.com/nnano/volume...

Image shows optoelectronic memristor cells to be fully integrated as a 128 × 8 multi-mode array for in-sensor computing applications.

Image: Heyi Huang, Tsinghua University. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan

Citation: Huang, H., Liang, X., Wang, Y. et al. Fully integrated multi-mode optoelectronic memristor array for diversified in-sensor computing. Nat. Nanotechnol. 20, 93–103 (2025).
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-024-01794-z

Abstract
In-sensor computing, which integrates sensing, memory and processing functions, has shown substantial potential in artificial vision systems. However, large-scale monolithic integration of in-sensor computing based on emerging devices with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) circuits remains challenging, lacking functional demonstrations at the hardware level. Here we report a fully integrated 1-kb array with 128 × 8 one-transistor one-optoelectronic memristor (OEM) cells and silicon CMOS circuits, which features configurable multi-mode functionality encompassing three different modes of electronic memristor, dynamic OEM and non-volatile OEM (NV-OEM). These modes are configured by modulating the charge density within the oxygen vacancies via synergistic optical and electrical operations, as confirmed by differential phase-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy. Using this OEM system, three visual processing tasks are demonstrated: image sensory pre-processing with a recognition accuracy enhanced from 85.7% to 96.1% by the NV-OEM mode, more advanced object tracking with 96.1% accuracy using both dynamic OEM and NV-OEM modes and human motion recognition with a fully OEM-based in-sensor reservoir computing system achieving 91.2% accuracy. A system-level benchmark further shows that it consumes over 20 times less energy than graphics processing units. By monolithically integrating the multi-functional OEMs with Si CMOS, this work provides a cost-effective platform for diverse in-sensor computing applications.

030

Nature Nanotechnology @natnano.nature.com · 18/12/2024

📮Our December 2024 is here 🎄 - Artificial topological quantum magnets. - Printing of 3D photonic crystals. - Degradation pathways of Li-rich oxide cathodes. - DNA nanotech for creating morphogen gradients. - Orally administrable insulin. And much more... 👉 www.nature.com/nnano/volume...

$The image on the cover shows a 3D-printed sculpture composed of nanoscale gyroid crystals in titania that exhibit optical chirality under visible light. Citation: Zhang, W., Min, J., Wang, H. et al. Printing of 3D photonic crystals in titania with complete bandgap across the visible spectrum. Nat. Nanotechnol. 19, 1813–1820 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-024-01780-5 Abstract: A photonic bandgap is a range of wavelengths wherein light is forbidden from entering a photonic crystal, similar to the electronic bandgap in semiconductors. Fabricating photonic crystals with a complete photonic bandgap in the visible spectrum presents at least two important challenges: achieving a material refractive index > ~2 and a three-dimensional patterning resolution better than ~280 nm (lattice constant of 400 nm). Here we show an approach to overcome such limitations using additive manufacturing, thus realizing high-quality, high-refractive index photonic crystals with size-tunable bandgaps across the visible spectrum. We develop a titanium ion-doped resin (Ti-Nano) for high-resolution printing by two-photon polymerization lithography. After printing, the structures are heat-treated in air to induce lattice shrinkage and produce titania nanostructures. We attain three-dimensional photonic crystals with patterning resolution as high as 180 nm and refractive index of 2.4–2.6. Optical characterization reveals ~100% reflectance within the photonic crystal bandgap in the visible range. Finally, we show capabilities in defining local defects and demonstrate proof-of-principle applications in spectrally selective perfect reflectors and chiral light discriminators.$

0164