The question of how states make operational decisions in cyber conflict is under-theorised. Much of existing scholarship has answered it within general frameworks of materialist and rationalist the...

In an era of AI, social media, and increasing Russian interference, ‘defence’ means more than tanks and bombs

Many argue that we have entered a new era of international ‘geoeconomic’ relations. Looking at western geoeconomic measures in the digital economy, we specifically focus on the role and agency of p...