doi.org
Examining the 2010-2024 Fertility Decline in Sweden From a Cohort Perspective
This article examines the fertility downturn in Sweden from 2010 to 2024 from a cohort perspective, in contrast to the period-based analyses that have dominated most research on the current decline. Using fertility data from the Human Fertility Database, I analyze the childbearing of Swedish women born in the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and early 2000s across their observed life courses. The analysis compares cohort fertility schedules by age, period, and cohort, contrasts the 2010-2024 decline with the downturn of 1995-2002, and uses a basic freeze-rate approach to update earlier cohort forecasts for younger cohorts. The results show that the recent sharp fall in period fertility was only moderately reflected in cohort fertility up through the 1980s cohorts, whose fertility remained relatively close to that of women born in the 1970s. By contrast, women born in the 1990s, and especially the late-1990s cohorts, have accumulated markedly fewer first births by young adult ages. Much of the current decline is driven mainly by missing and postponed first births among the 1990s cohorts. The eventual completed fertility of women now in their twenties will therefore depend heavily on the extent of later recuperation. One cannot yet say if the 2010s fertility decline will lead to a marked reduction in cohort fertility in Sweden.