China’s approach to AI governance is best understood as ‘infrastructural statecraft’ combined with managed pluralism: the Party-State builds the layered infrastructure (energy, compute, chips, talent, and governance), then invites firms to compete in developing applications, writes Haiqing Yu.
madeinchinajournal.com
China’s Approach to AI: Infrastructural Statecraft, Managed Pluralism | Made in China Journal
China’s artificial intelligence (AI) trajectory is often characterised as ‘frugal innovation’ (Waters 2025), ‘self-reliance’ (Wang et al. 2025), or a state-controlled approach to innovation and diffus...