Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 24/08/2026A lot of ‘science’ that is shallow can be done by a LLM today, & whilst it was not deep, it can help train students to think. The mistake here is be excited about shallow results that an AI can clearly do that takes training away from students. 140
Reposted by Lee CroninHiroki Sayama @hirokisayama.bsky.social · 19/08/2026#ALIFE2026 Day 3 keynote speaker Lee Cronin discusses chemputation and the chemical possibility spaces 071
Reposted by Lee CroninDavid Kipping @davidkipping.bsky.social · 19/08/2026New #CoolWorldsPodcast episode with Lee Cronin! youtu.be/xavckvuszzUyoutu.be#35 Lee Cronin - Chemputation, Origin of Life, Assembly TheoryYouTube video by Cool Worlds Podcast 0154
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 07/07/2026Exploring chemical space with Assembly Theory. pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/... 240
Reposted by Lee CroninLee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 26/05/2026The UKs zero 2050 makes no sense. If we go more fossil, drop energy prizes, & aim at innovation we will make a way greater impact on the human race through innovation rather than conservation. Energy & climate empathy is lazy thinking. We need to innovate. 221
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 26/05/2026The UKs zero 2050 makes no sense. If we go more fossil, drop energy prizes, & aim at innovation we will make a way greater impact on the human race through innovation rather than conservation. Energy & climate empathy is lazy thinking. We need to innovate. 221
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 24/12/2025Can assembly theory & assembly equation be used to measure selection in real experiments? arxiv.org/abs/2512.18752arxiv.orgQuantifying the Emergence of Selection Prior to Biological EvolutionSelection is central to biological evolution, yet there has been no general experimental framework for quantifying selection in chemical systems before life. Here we demonstrate that selection in a pr... 020
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 24/12/2025Assembly addition chains: arxiv.org/abs/2512.18030arxiv.orgAssembly Addition ChainsIn this paper we extend the notion of Addition Chains over Z+ to a general set S. We explain how the algebraic structure of Assembly Multi-Magma over the pairs (S,BB proper subset of S) allows to defi... 120
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 24/12/2025Policing words is the same as policing thoughts. An open society should have no limits on words. Words are the meta space where ideas need to be formed and compete. If you prevent ideas you don’t like then you harm the future of the human race & usher in tyranny. 140
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 01/10/2025Here is Quantum Chemputation conceptually. Go from the physical properties you want to a possible molecular graph, but then apply the rules of synthetic chemistry to ensure it is Chemputatable and therefore makable. 090
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 28/09/2025Causation requires matter. But causal matter requires evolution. 040
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 24/08/2025Digital chemistry won’t just happen by bolting a chatbot to a liquid handling robot. It needs a fundamental new approach to allow the programming of matter, or chemputation. The theory & practical implementation is outlined here: arxiv.org/abs/2408.09171arxiv.orgChemputer and Chemputation -- A Universal Chemical Compound Synthesis MachineChemputation reframes synthesis as the programmable execution of reaction code on a universally re-configurable hardware graph. Here we prove that a chemputer equipped with a finite, but extensible, s... 0121
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 24/08/2025www.technologynetworks.com/informatics/... #chemputation #digitalchemistrytechnologynetworks.com“Chemputation” and the Rise of Digital ChemistryDiscover how digital chemistry is shaping the future of drug and materials discovery through automation and scalable innovation. 060
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 17/08/2025Chemputation will lead to an exponential growth of the number of molecules synthetically accessible. It transcends the limits of manual labor by using a Turing-like ontology for error correction to ensure we can go deeper into chemical space. arxiv.org/abs/2408.09171 080
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 15/07/2025AI is showing us that creativity sits in an entirely different category to data retrieval. 070
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 20/06/2025So we opened the worlds first Chemifarm today! www.chemify.io 0120
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 15/06/2025Now in 2025, Chemify is opening the worlds first Chemifarm, which is the first commercial facility for chemputation able to do chemical design, discovery, & manufacture on demand. www.chemifyx.com 050
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 15/06/2025Making digital chemistry truly universal for chemputation (digital control of chemsitry) required a new approach to hardware, wetware, & software with the development of XDL. www.science.org/doi/10.1126/... Now the theory showing universality is done. arxiv.org/abs/2408.09171 070
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 15/06/2025In 2012 I had a dream of universal digital chemistry for chemputation inspired by 3D printing technology. By 2016 we made a key advance. We went from a vision to a universal code for organic synthesis - in this case making Ibuprofen in a hacked 3D printer. www.beilstein-journals.org/bjoc/article... 251
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 04/06/2025This helps redefine what a molecule is & that blows my mind. arxiv.org/abs/2408.09171arxiv.orgChemputer and Chemputation - A Universal Chemical Compound Synthesis MachineChemputation, the execution of code controlled reaction pathways on universally reconfigurable hardware, offers a route to treating chemical synthesis as a formally computable i.e. chemputable process... 181
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 02/05/2025Want to know why Chemputation redefines the very concept of what a molecule is? Updated preprint arxiv.org/abs/2408.09171 070
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 22/04/2025Well we know what molecules are according to the text books, but do we know what Molecules are according the theory of Chemputation…this is coming soon (Molecules from molecules is a play on Humans from humans by @aptshadow.bsky.social). 150
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 21/04/2025Just finished redefining the idea of a molecule using assembly theory. Will preprint soon. 070
Reposted by Lee CroninCarolyn Bertozzi @carolynbertozzi.bskyverified.social · 11/04/2025SCAM ALERT. This is a fake conference that ripped off my and other people’s names to trick people into registering. There is no such conference that I or the others shown were invited or agreed to. We are working to try to get this fraud taken down from the web. chemsymposia.comchemsymposia.comJoin Chemsymposia 2026: Research & Innovation | ChemSymposia 2026Join us at Chemsymposia 2026 to discover groundbreaking research in physics applications. Connect with experts, engage in insightful discussions, and explore our venue, registration details, and speak... 8192108
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 06/04/2025The ghost of computation makes us believe that computation is fundamental. There is no physical basis for this. Computation is a human construct 0100
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 31/03/2025Chemputers can be programmed using our chemical programming language (XDL) to make molecular machines. Great work by the team dlvr.it/TJsSjt Video done in collaboration with SciCommStudios. 1276
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 15/03/2025To solve intelligence you need to solve life, to solve life you need to solve the origin of life. Assembly theory aims to make progress across the board but progress is not guaranteed. 0120
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 15/03/2025Academia is under attack by the tech bros, which is hilarious because all their ‘tech’ was invented in academia. 0150
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 15/03/2025Critical thinking, freedom of speech, & freedom to disagree are hard won & should be hard won every single day. Don’t take them for granted with nonsensical isms. 0100
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 26/01/2025Chemputers are Turing complete & this is going to accelerate chemistry dramatically. Chem/acc 1121
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 03/01/2025It still blows my mind that it’s possible to measure molecular complexity spectroscopically. In a few weeks we will be releasing a new set of tools for chemists to explore molecular assembly spaces. 0110
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 21/12/2024Assembly Theory is the only way to objectively measure the complexity of objects, systems, & phenomena. All other methods require assumptions which inject additional complexity into the data without normalisation which prevents a meaningful comparison. 5180
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 09/12/2024Who says 3D printing drugs is impossible? Here is Morphine. 2210
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 07/12/2024Proper sleep screen on my remarkable from the onion. 1163
Reposted by Lee CroninLee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 04/12/2024A proof that the assembly index problem is NP-complete is here: arxiv.org/abs/2406.12176 This also explains why the assembly index is not equivalent to other commonly used complexity measures including Shannon entropy, Huffman encoding & LZW. #AssemblyTheoryarxiv.orgAssembly Theory and its Relationship with Computational ComplexityAssembly theory (AT) quantifies selection using the assembly equation and identifies complex objects that occur in abundance based on two measurements, assembly index and copy number, where the assemb... 0235
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 04/12/2024A proof that the assembly index problem is NP-complete is here: arxiv.org/abs/2406.12176 This also explains why the assembly index is not equivalent to other commonly used complexity measures including Shannon entropy, Huffman encoding & LZW. #AssemblyTheoryarxiv.orgAssembly Theory and its Relationship with Computational ComplexityAssembly theory (AT) quantifies selection using the assembly equation and identifies complex objects that occur in abundance based on two measurements, assembly index and copy number, where the assemb... 0235
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 03/12/2024Academics are too scared to do ‘career ending’ or controversial research. Let’s encourage people not to be boring & support them. The future of humanity will depend on this to accelerate innovation. We must to be less boring even if it means being wrong! Just be less wrong… 1192
Reposted by Lee CroninSara Imari Walker @saraimari.bsky.social · 28/11/2024the ghost in the machine is historical contingency 5233
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 26/11/2024Can we use XDL like a real programming language to run a chemputer? Yes! Here we build & use reaction blueprints for chiral synthesis in a chemputer. www.nature.com/articles/s41... #chemputationnature.com 0120
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 24/11/2024Why agree? Disagreeing in good faith is the only way to make progress. 6130
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 24/11/2024I’m on both X and Bluesky. I find X raw & Bluesky rather elitist. As an academic anarchist I like to poke elitism. But I’m flawed so I apologise to everyone for the offence, on both platforms. 😂 5120
Lee Cronin @leecronin.bsky.social · 22/11/2024The idea that AI is suddenly going to wake up & be sentient is obviously wrong & those that peddle this idea are scammers. 7182