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Lance Fortnow

@lance.fortnow.com
1.2K followers 65 following 735 posts

Complexity Theorist

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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 29/09/2026
If I have seen farther, it is by standing on the shoulders of giant large-language models.
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 29/09/2026
The correlation bounds of Chattopadhyay, Hatami, Lee, Lovett, Tal and Viola yield a proof that Almost-ParityP = BP.ParityP, from which you can get a simpler proof of Toda's theorem. Details:
arxiv.org
$\mathrm{Almost}\text{-}\oplus\mathrm{P} =...
Using the recent exponential correlation bounds of Chattopadhyay, Hatami, Lee, Lovett, Tal and Viola between $\mathbb{F}_2$-polynomials and the XOR of majorities, we show that...
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 28/09/2026
The STOC CFP says "The use of AI tools will not be weighed in the evaluation of the paper by the PC." Bill wonders why then do they ask for AI disclosure at all.
blog.computationalcomplexity.org
What is the points of AI-disclosure?
The STOC conference (and likely others) are requiring that a submission says how much AI was used. I can imagine the following options: 1) A...
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 26/09/2026
In my 1989 thesis I asked if there was an oracle separating IP from MIP. That was before we knew that MIP=NEXP, though that result doesn't relativize. Bouland, Huang, Natarajan, Shalit, Tal and Astra now answer the original question.
arxiv.org
$\mathsf{BQP} \subseteq \mathsf{IP}$ Does Not Relativize
We construct an oracle relative to which $\mathsf{BQP} \not\subseteq \mathsf{IP}$, resolving a long-standing open question in quantum complexity theory. Together with recent work due to Aaronson...
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 24/09/2026
Because PSPACE-Completeness still matters www.wsj.com/tech/ai/...
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 23/09/2026
This fall I'm joining the Leadership and Society Initiative at the University of Chicago, becoming a student where I started my academic career thirty-seven years ago. I hope to learn where I can best play a role to manage the weird times we are in. leadforsociety.uchic...
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 23/09/2026
Breaking down the new STOC submission rules.
blog.computationalcomplexity.org
The New STOC Rules for the AI Era
The 59th ACM Symposium on the Theory of Computing takes place in Atlanta next June, part of the Federated Computing Research Conference . I...
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 21/09/2026
Want to be Bill's student? He doesn't care about your major, your minors, your honors or your grades.
blog.computationalcomplexity.org
I don't care about majors, minors, or honors programs. Do you?
The following conversation is fictional. --------------------------- ALICE: (Looking over a student's record.) Hmm, let's see. She wants to ...
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Reposted by Lance Fortnow
Jeffrey Shallit 🇺🇦 @shallit.bsky.social · 18/09/2026
A new risk for mathematicians: a colleague reports that immediately after they posted an abstract of their upcoming talk online, a student elsewhere used AI to derive proofs of the stated results and then posted it on the arxiv. My colleague hadn't posted to arxiv yet. Scummy. Watch out.
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 17/09/2026
The Manufacturing Tech show is back in Chicago and AI takes center stage, or does it?
blog.computationalcomplexity.org
AI and Manufacturing Redux
ITMS 2026 Two years ago I attended the International Manufacturing Technology Show  in Chicago's McCormick Place and found a rather limited ...
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 17/09/2026
STOC call for papers is out. Deadline is November 2. acm-stoc.org/stoc202... New rules for the AI era: limited submissions, public posting and a required video. Is it a coincidence that the camera-ready deadline is April Fools Day?
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 17/09/2026
Looks like every paper moving forward will have an AI declaration, even if it just says "We didn't use AI".
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 17/09/2026
LAX is launching today, a way to connect natural mathematical language with Lean. They have a nice way to define complexity classes and can formalize some complexity results, for example nondeterministic space closed under complement
laxarchive.org
The Immerman–Szelepcsényi Theorem — lax-733996
Lax — an archive of formalized mathematical concepts and their proofs
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 16/09/2026
I'm a fan of publishing everything. It's not like we'll run out of space on the Internet. The good stuff will bubble up through social media and AI-powered searching.
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 15/09/2026
I thought about k-server with Howard Karloff when we were both young U Chicago professors in the 90s. We even came up independently (as did many others) with the work algorithm, and now we know it actually works.
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 14/09/2026
I was only being semi-serious two months ago.
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 14/09/2026
Bill's take on all things AI and Math
blog.computationalcomplexity.org
Math, AI, and the Navier-Stokes Equations
On September 1, 2026: LANCE:  I'm surprised you haven't blogged about OpenAI solving 10 open math problems. BILL: If I post every time an op...
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 11/09/2026
A tenet of the theory of computing is the interchangeability between program and data. So if an ML system uses a persistent writable memory, it could reprogram itself, potentially enabling recursive self-improvement, especially if many agents share the same storage space.
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Reposted by Lance Fortnow
Ryan O'Donnell @booleananalysis.bsky.social · 10/09/2026
Am teaching grad complexity theory at CMU; about 1/3 of the lectures will be new (vs. last time), 'modern' results. Videos are going onto www.youtube.com/@ComplexityT... which will later also feature student videos. We did Williams (/Cook-Mertz/Shalunov) TIME(t) in SPACE(~√t) today.
youtube.com
Complexity Theory At Carnegie Mellon
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Reposted by Lance Fortnow
Terence Tao @teorth.bsky.social · 11/09/2026
A group of 25 Fields Medalists, including myself, have made a joint declaration on Math and AI: mathandai.org . We welcome additional signatories. See also this article in the Economist announcing the declaration: www.economist.com/science-and-...
mathandai.org
Declaration — Math and AI
Read the declaration and add your name.
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Reposted by Lance Fortnow
Oxford Mathematics @oxfordmathematics.bsky.social · 11/09/2026
AI is ravenous and is eating mathematicians' lunch. A long-standing problem is solved, others are in its sights. But is this more than just a problem about problems? Here's Fields Medallist James Maynard. Read the Math and AI Declaration by 25 Fields Medallists: mathandai.org
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 11/09/2026
While P vs NP will remain out of the reach of AI, there are other complexity problems, like separating NP from L (log space) or BPP from NEXP, that might be more tractable and would still make an incredible splash.
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 09/09/2026
Both OpenAI and Alpöge-Buckmaster heavily leaned on Lean in their Navier-Stokes announcements. Is this a new requirement for publishing?
blog.computationalcomplexity.org
Navier-Stokes and Lean
I was working on this week's post on Lean after reading Kevin Hartnett's book  The Proof in the Code: How a Truth Machine Is Transforming Ma...
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 09/09/2026
Another reminder that a solution to P v NP is not around the corner. Neither man or machine has even a viable approach.
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 08/09/2026
The post I wrote in January 2025, "Our Days are Numbered", is coming true much faster than I expected.
blog.computationalcomplexity.org
"Our Days Are Numbered"
Slide in Lev Reyzin 's JMM talk "Problems in AI and ML for Mathematicians" Reyzin is paraphrasing Telgarsky. Posted with permission. Last we...
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 08/09/2026
OpenAI announces Navier-Stokes solution, but not without controversy openai.com/index/nav... And from earlier today: Tristan Buckmaster: cims.nyu.edu/~trista... Terry Tao (before the Open-AI announcement): terrytao.wordpress.c... I'm sure there will be more to come
openai.com
On the Navier–Stokes Millennium Prize Problem
We’re sharing an AI-generated solution to the Navier–Stokes Millennium Prize Problem, including a writeup and a formal proof in Lean.
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 04/09/2026
Bill posts on the passing of Richard Stearns and his lesser known work on automata. blog.computationalco...
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 03/09/2026
Richard Stearns died on August 29th at the age of 90. Stearns and Juris Hartmanis founded my field in their seminal paper "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms" which earned them the 1993 Turing Award. Paper: www.jstor.org/stable... CACM Obit: cacm.acm.org/news/in...
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 02/09/2026
Computer science is as much about computers as astronomy is about the stars.
blog.computationalcomplexity.org
What is a Computer?
Ben Brubaker has a new Quanta essay Does Computer Science Need Computers ?  Despite the title (and authors generally don't choose their titl...
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 31/08/2026
Bill thinks I should care about colorblind presidents and vice-presidents because I myself am red-green colorblind. Well I didn't keep track. Turns out AI doesn't either. blog.computationalco... By the way I do use AI to distinguish colors for me so I don't always have to ask the wife.
blog.computationalcomplexity.org
Claude and Colorblind Questions
BILL: Lance, I have a question and a meta question: a) List all the presidents and vice presidents who were colorblind. b) Do you know this ...
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Reposted by Lance Fortnow
Ben Brubaker @benbenbrubaker.bsky.social · 28/08/2026
My latest for @quantamagazine.org is something a bit different from my usual fare: a first-person essay exploring what theoretical computer science has to do with computers.
quantamagazine.org
Does Computer Science Need Computers? | Quanta Magazine
The theoretical side of the field doesn’t require computing machines. But many questions would never have been posed without them.
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 26/08/2026
Living through the calculator transition.
blog.computationalcomplexity.org
The Calculator Transition
There's a scene in Apollo 13 where Jim Lovell, played by Tom Hanks, asks Houston control to check his calculations, which they do using a s...
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 25/08/2026
Shafi Goldwasser, Adam Kalai, and Vinod Vaikuntanathan are creating a new non-profit Institute for Responsible Superintelligence for using theory to make AI safer. Read about the team at resi.org, sign up for their mailing list, donate, or reach out to hello@resi.org.
resi.org
RESI Overview
RESI is a nonprofit research institute building the scientific foundations needed to make superintelligence safe by design.
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 23/08/2026
Sad news from Hervé Moulin, the ousted editor of Games and Economic Behavior, a journal focused on game theory that had a long history of collaboration with the computing community. Elsevier "strategic priorities" guts yet another good journal. gametheorysociety.or...
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 19/08/2026
Back to our regularly scheduled programming. Has any noticed that AI is getting much better at math?
blog.computationalcomplexity.org
Centaur Math
In the past, new PhD students would ask how they could succeed when they had to compete with the likes of say, Richard Karp or Avi Wigderson...
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 19/08/2026
Computable90 conference at Bletchley Park Sept 16-18 celebrates the 90th anniversary of Turing's "Computable Numbers". Speakers include Avi Wigderson, Julia Knight and Rod Downey. www.tnmoc.org/comput...
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 17/08/2026
Bill's thoughts on Illinois Tech
blog.computationalcomplexity.org
IIT is the canary in the coalmine (Do our younger readers know what that means? Do we have younger readers?)
Lance has posted about his, and around 160 others, being laid off from IIT  here .(IIT stands for Illinois Institute of Technology which is ...
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 14/08/2026
From an old U Chicago newsletter, a picture of me using the new cutting edge technology, "Electronic Mail".
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 12/08/2026
This is how tenure ends.
blog.computationalcomplexity.org
Unexpected Unemployment
Enjoying Idaho while ignoring Illinois Today is the first day of my life that I am unemployed. And not by choice. As I mentioned on LinkedIn...
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 10/08/2026
AI can prove theorems but only humans can give them funny names. Bill reports.
blog.computationalcomplexity.org
Math Concepts With Funny Names
(Some of this came from a Reddit post  I read, and some of  the comments on it.)  Here are theorems with names that I think are funny or unu...
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 09/08/2026
Isik Ulusan, a U Mass student, created Complexle, like Wordle but you guess complexity classes. For each guess you get hints (set-theoretic inclusion, the type of model it is defined on, uniformity, etc.) for a total of 6 guesses. Give it a try. iulusan.github.io/co...
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 07/08/2026
I'm back from vacation. Bill had two posts while I was gone on AI Erdős and Jeopardy. blog.computationalco... blog.computationalco... and in some personal news lnkd.in/p/gy_4aHrY
blog.computationalcomplexity.org
Would Erdos have been happy with the resolution of the Erdos Unit Distance Problem? How to find out?
Let's say there is a statement in math T that you wonder whether it's true or false.  You may even make a conjecture of which way it goes. D...
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 07/08/2026
Ming-Yang Kao, my former theory colleague at Northwestern, passed away last May.
mccormick.northwestern.edu
Professor Emeritus Ming-Yang Kao Passes Away
Kao, professor emeritus of computer science, passed away on May 11, 2026. He will be remembered for his contributions to the design, analysis, and implementation of algorithms and the development and broadening of computer science at Northwestern.
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 23/07/2026
Shayan Oveis Gharan wins the 2026 Abacus Medal for TSP approximation and sampling. www.mathunion.org/im... Quanta: www.quantamagazine.o... Fields Medalists: Yu Deng, John Pardon, Jacob Tsimerman and Hong Wang
mathunion.org
Abacus Medal 2026 | International Mathematical Union (IMU)
The IMU Abacus Medal is awarded for outstanding contributions in Mathematical Aspects of Information Sciences. The IMU Abacus Medal is awarded to a mathematician whose 40th birthday does not occur before January 1st of the year of the ICM at which the award is made.
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 22/07/2026
I bring back the Complexity Class of the Week to talk about L_2^P, the set of problems reducible to finding the minimum element of a total linear order.
blog.computationalcomplexity.org
Complexity Class of the Week: \(L_2^P\)
Back in the 90s when I was a young professor at the University of Chicago, we would have a Complexity Class of the Week  where I would take ...
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 22/07/2026
The new OSTP reports "Science: A New Golden Age" is not great for universities but here is a silver lining for the theory community. Report: www.whitehouse.gov/s... WSJ Gifted Article: www.wsj.com/politics...
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 21/07/2026
Every time there is some new major theorem proved by AI, I start seeing posts that a resolution of P v NP is right around the corner. This is your regular reminder that no, it isn't.
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 19/07/2026
Nutan Limaye and Thore Husfeldt guest post on the new deterministic parallel algorithm for bipartite perfect matching.
blog.computationalcomplexity.org
Bipartite Perfect Matching in Deterministic NC
Nutan Limaye and Thore Husfeldt guest post on the new deterministic parallel algorithm for bipartite perfect matching by Abhranil Chatterje...
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 16/07/2026
ACM is considering giving large language models access to the papers in their digital library. cacm.acm.org/opinion... You can give feedback here: docs.google.com/form...
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Lance Fortnow @lance.fortnow.com · 16/07/2026
FOCS Accepted Papers sanjeevkhanna.org/FO...
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