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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 12/11/2025

Thanks to my amazing coauthors Christopher Blume, Caren Cooper, Alia Dietsch, Emma Greig, @the-ot-birder.bsky.social, Tina Phillips, Tammah Watts, and Ashley Dayer for their contributions, as well as all of our focus group participants!

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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 12/11/2025

We hope that our findings can be useful for all participatory science projects working to become more inclusive. In the article, we have a list of recommendations--check it out here! theoryandpractice.citizenscienceassociation.org/articles/10....

theoryandpractice.citizenscienceassociation.org

“Watching from Your Own Residence Makes It More Accessible”: Identifying Supports and Barriers to Participatory Science for Racially-Minoritized, Disabled, and Neurodivergent Participants | Citizen Sc...

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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 12/11/2025

🤝 Attendees shared many valuable solutions to the make the project more inclusive, including partnering with outside organizations, creating opportunities to participate in community, increasing representation, creating more educational materials, and removing the fee.

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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 12/11/2025

🏔️ The project participation fee was a major barrier, as were the general costs of feeding birds, accessibility, and cultural barriers that led to a lack of belonging in participatory science, birding, and the outdoors in general.

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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 12/11/2025

❤️ Attendees were excited to contribute to science and conservation, keep track of their observations, and explore the data to answer their own questions. The flexible schedule of the project and the fact that it could be done from home made it more accessible.

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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 12/11/2025

Through focus groups with BIPOC, disabled, and neurodivergent people who feed birds but don't take part in FeederWatch, we explored how the project aligned with attendee interests, what systemic barriers prevented participation, and how the project could become more inclusive. Here's what we found

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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 12/11/2025

Our study, out today in Citizen Science Theory & Practice, was done in collaboration with Project FeederWatch, a participatory science project out of the Cornell Lab of Ornithology focused on feeding and observing birds.

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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 12/11/2025

I'm excited to share a new publication on inclusive participatory science for Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC), disabled people, and neurodivergent people! 🧵 Thread below!

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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 14/05/2025

And a fun post-script - I have now moved to San Francisco and joined one of the gardens I worked with! I’m excited to keep connecting with birds and people there! 💚 🌻 🐦

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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 14/05/2025

Finally, I’d like to thank all the community gardens, garden leaders and volunteer coordinators, and gardeners themselves! None of this would have been possible without them generously welcoming us into their gardens and sharing their experiences.

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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 14/05/2025

It was a pleasure to work with my amazing interdisciplinary team of coauthors: @ornithoale.bsky.social, Maya Xu, @flamingmuffinz.bsky.social, Mei Li Palmeri, Meggie Callahan, Nicole Ardoin, and Gretchen Daily

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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 14/05/2025

This underscores the importance of urban community gardens - not only do they provide habitat for biodiversity and opportunities to access nature, but also many other benefits: social connections, education, and food sovereignty. Let’s work to protect and advocate for urban community gardens!

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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 14/05/2025

Regardless, these results are exciting - they suggest that community gardens have the potential to provide access to nature across an income gradient! People in both high and low income neighborhoods in San Francisco can have positive interactions with birds in gardens.

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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 14/05/2025

Why might this be? It could be because birds are highly mobile organisms, the nature of San Francisco (compact, lots of greenspace, heterogenous), regional effects (luxury effect is stronger in tropical and arid environments), or community gardens themselves.

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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 14/05/2025

For example, we expected lower income neighborhoods to have less canopy cover and therefore less avian species richness, but instead found all three of these variables were unrelated!

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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 14/05/2025

Instead, we found that avian species richness and abundance were predicted by local and landscape-scale environmental factors, very few of which were correlated with income.

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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 14/05/2025

Surprisingly, given past studies on the luxury effect that show higher biodiversity in higher income neighborhoods, we found no relationships between any of these metrics and garden income!

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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 14/05/2025

For each garden, we compared three bird metrics with garden income: species richness, abundance, and a species access metric, a metric for our 10 focal species that was higher where there were more individuals from species people noticed and cared about.

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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 14/05/2025

We dug into why attitudes differed. While less-popular species had mostly aesthetic disservices, popular species had both ecological and aesthetic services. This suggests that providing education about species’ ecological roles could be an important conservation tool!

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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 14/05/2025

However, we also wanted to understand how much gardeners noticed each species. When we weighted sentiment scores by recognition, the scores of less-charismatic species like the Black Phoebe dropped.

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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 14/05/2025

Using these results, we were able to assign each species a “sentiment score” and rank them in terms of positive sentiment. Most species had more positive than negative words associated with them, while corvids were the exception.

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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 14/05/2025

For each species, we performed a sentiment analysis, classifying words into positive, negative and neutral. While species like the Anna’s Hummingbird had primarily positive associations, others like the American Crow, were more controversial.

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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 14/05/2025

We also examined gardener attitudes towards 10 common garden species, chosen to capture a range of traits, through a word association task.

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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 14/05/2025

Through our surveys, we learned that gardeners felt positively about birds overall, showing high agreement with a number of positive statements about birds in the garden!

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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 14/05/2025

We worked in 20 community gardens across an income gradient in San Francisco, CA, surveying gardeners, performing avian point counts, and survey vegetation.

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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 14/05/2025

We studied a specific type of access to nature, human/bird interactions, through an interdisciplinary lens. We wanted to understand how people felt about birds overall as well as specific species, and where people came into contact with those species as well as diverse bird communities.

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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 14/05/2025

This means we miss some crucial components: understanding how specific components of nature (like wildlife!) contribute to access, and understanding whether people actually benefit from and enjoy coming into contact with that nature.

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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 14/05/2025

Access to nature provides myriad benefits to people, but those benefits are not equitably distributed. In addition, most studies of access to nature focus on physical access to greenspace.

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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 14/05/2025

Delayed long post in the interest of sci-comm! Our new paper on human/bird interactions in community gardens just came out! Super proud of this work. Article: www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti... Press release: naturalcapitalproject.stanford.edu/news/five-in... Thread below!

sciencedirect.com

Urban community gardens foster positive human-avian interactions across an income gradient in San Francisco

Access to nature in cities is critical to human well-being; however, it is not equitably distributed. In this study, we investigated a specific type o…

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Kelley Langhans (she/her) @kelleylanghans.bsky.social · 06/05/2025

Migrating to Bluesky, excited to re-connect with folks on this platform!

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