Neuronal apoptosis mediated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress exerts crucial pathophysiological functions in the central nervous system. Inositol-r…

Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are widely used to manage multiple sclerosis (MS), but their effects on serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL), par…

Persistent central nervous system (CNS) inflammation, driven by ongoing HIV replication in the CNS reservoir despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), con…

Comorbid autoimmune disorders and non-specific antibody seropositivity have been commonly reported in prior studies of systemic rheumatologic disorder…

As multiple sclerosis (MS) progresses, myelin repair becomes inefficient. To gain insight into the underlying causes, we RNA-sequenced postmortem brai…

The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met pathway plays an important role in several inflammatory conditions, regulating phenotypic plasticity within b…

The bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system—the gut–brain axis—has emerged as a dynamic area of biomedical research with profound implications for...

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) generates the active form of folate required for homocysteine metabolism. The C677T variant in MTHFR reduces enzymatic activity, increases homocysteine leve...

The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), a class of oncologic therapies that enhance anti-tumor immunity, may be complicated by the occurrence of neurologic immune-related adverse events (n-irA...

MOG-Ab assay is a sensitive and specific biomarker that is indispensable in diagnosis of MOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). However, its accuracy can largely depend on a proper selection of pati...

Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a prevalent degenerative spinal disorder causing chronic low back pain and sciatica through persistent neuroinflammation and central sensitization. Increasing evidence ...

The incidence of brain injury in sepsis patients has been as high as 70 %, which has been a significant cause of septic patients' death. However, the pathophysiology of brain injury in sepsis is multi...

Neoehrlichiosis is an emerging tick-borne infection. The documented cases of human infection demonstrate a varying symptomatology, diagnostic difficulties, a lacking clinical awareness of the conditio...

MicroRNA-126 (miR-126) has emerged as a potential key regulator in ischemic stroke. Yet, its exact mechanism of action is still unexplored. This study aims to investigate whether miR-126 targets and r...

We aimed to determine the clinical and prognostic significance of hypoglycorrhachia in adults with encephalitis.

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy involves reengineering patient-derived or donor-derived T cells to express a synthetic CAR that can recognise specific cell-surface antigens, independe...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most significant form of dementia characterized by neurodegeneration and higher-order cognitive decline affecting over 6.9 million Americans age 65 and older. Emerging ...

Anti-TNF alpha agents, such as golimumab, are effective treatment options for moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease. However, demyelinating syndromes have been reported as rare adverse events....

The autoimmune nodopthies have recently emerged as a discrete subtype of inflammatory neuropathy. They are characterised by the presence of IgG class autoantibodies directed against structural compone...

Historically, many established investigators in the field of neuroimmunology published early work from their laboratories in the Journal of Neuroimmunology. Our mission is to bring important work in t...

Flow cytometry analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid's immune cell subset profiles can be used to help in the diagnosis and prognosis of nervous system pathologies. However, the cells need to be analyze...

After carefully reading the short communication titled “Seasonal variation in myasthenia gravis incidence (Falso et al., 2025)” by Falso et al., published in the Journal of Neuroimmunology, I was intr...

Neuroinflammation is a critical pathophysiological mechanism of depression. But the sources and processes involved remain unclear. Recent reports suggest that necroptosis with pro-inflammatory propert...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system inflammatory disorder with evidence of peripheral immune system dysregulation. Complex signaling interaction of immune cytokines transforming growth...

Stiff person syndrome spectrum disorders (SPSD) are a group of rare neuroimmunological disorders that often include painful spasms and rigidity. However, patients have highly heterogeneous signs and s...

Neurological involvement in Behçet's syndrome is rare but is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Two subtypes of neuro-Behçet's disease (NBD) are typically described: parenchymal and ...

IL-10 and IL-12 family cytokines play important roles in various immunological diseases. This study identified a relationship between IL-10 and IL-12 family cytokines and the pathogenesis of myastheni...

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by immunization with myelin basic protein (MBP) is a self-limiting disease model of multiple sclerosis. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cells play a role in li...

Neurobrucellosis is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system caused by brucellosis and is the most serious form of brucellosis. However, the pathogenesis of this disease is not well under...

The recombinant C-type lectin protein (r-CTL) derived from Toxocara canis larvae is thought to play a role in promoting regulatory T cell-dominant immune responses in toxocariasis. This study aimed to...

We present the first reported case of central nervous system (CNS) demyelination associated with thalidomide. A 29-year-old female with a history of prurigo nodularis was prescribed thalidomide after ...

The co-occurrence of Rasmussen encephalitis (RE) and localized scleroderma (LS) is rare and poorly known. We describe the unique case of a 23-year-old patient with late-onset RE of the right hemispher...

Major depressive disorder (MDD) presents as a multifaceted syndrome with complex pathophysiology and variable treatment responses, posing significant challenges in clinical management. Neuroinflammati...

Obligate intracellular pathogens such as the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii exploit host cell mechanisms to facilitate their survival and replication. While T. gondii can infect any nucleated mammalian c...

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a syndrome characterized by cognitive decline resulting from insufficient perfusion to the entire brain or specific brain regions. The lack of a clear understand...

Methamphetamine (MA) dependence is associated with immunotoxicity and high rates of neuropsychiatric impairments that persist into remission. Although there are currently no FDA-approved pharmacothera...

Diabetes is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet the effect of specific carbohydrate sources in the diet on AD pathology remains unclear. The primary neuroimmune cell, microglia, unde...

Diverse CD4+ T cell subsets with specialized functions operate at different phases of the immune response. Among these are phenotypically and functionally characterized naïve, central memory (CM), eff...

A retrospective study was conducted in people with HIV (PWH) to explore potential cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers linked to CSF neurofilament light levels (NfL), indicative of neuronal injury.