Sign in

JAMA Neurology

@jamaneurology.com
300 followers 94 following 400 posts

JAMA Neurology is a member of the JAMA Network, a consortium of peer-reviewed, general medical and specialty publications. 🌐 JAMANeurology.com

PostsRepliesMedia
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 1h
Can anesthesia choice during #stroketreatment affect recovery? #sedation #anesthesia 📌 Learn more: ja.ma/4hHLMll
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 29/09/2026
In #MOGAD, MRI lesions often resolve over time and asymptomatic radiological activity is rare, limiting the clinical utility of surveillance MRI compared with multiple sclerosis. ja.ma/4ykzTrn
ja.ma
MRI Characteristics of MOGAD
This narrative review discusses the hallmark magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of optic nerve, brain, and spinal cord involvement in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), the recommended MRI protocol for acute attacks, the timing and utility of repeating...
011
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 28/09/2026
💬 Viewpoint: The role of #LeftAtrialAppendageClosure in #AtrialFibrillation may depend on patient phenotype, and more evidence is needed in patients who cannot take long-term direct oral anticoagulants. ja.ma/3TUWgVv
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 28/09/2026
Among older adults with #MildCognitiveImpairment and hearing loss, hearing aid intervention did not significantly reduce dementia-level impairment over 24 months vs hearing care education. ja.ma/4yWDzzB
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 22/09/2026
🧠 Portable low-field #MRI of the brain showed strong agreement with conventional MRI for key volumetric measures and may expand access to brain health assessment outside traditional radiology settings. ja.ma/3V77fvh
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 22/09/2026
This case report describes 11.7-T in vivo human brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the basal ganglia in 2 healthy volunteers. ja.ma/4y89Tzq
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 21/09/2026
📝 The #HINTS examination is most effective in patients with continuous dizziness and spontaneous nystagmus at rest. This Review indicates that outside this population , HINTS can reduce stroke diagnostic accuracy and lead to unnecessary imaging. ja.ma/4xDD7VV
Clinical decision algorithm for acute-onset persistent dizziness. It screens for central features, then horizontal nystagmus at rest, and assesses gait. Key outcomes are workup for acute stroke, peripheral cause (vestibular neuritis), or HINTS suggesting central cause.
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 21/09/2026
📊🧠 A harmonized #TauPET visual reading framework for #AlzheimerDisease with five classes showed high agreement across raters and tracers, and identified more early-stage tau pathology than the regulatory-approved binary approach. ja.ma/4hiNHLV
Brain anatomy with multi-colored masks in superior, inferior, lateral, and medial views. A table shows Harmonized tau PET visual read classification criteria from Negative to Atypical. Three PET brain scans (Sagittal, Coronal, Axial) display brain activity using a red-blue-green color scale.
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 14/09/2026
📝 #Review from @jama.com: #Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus is a progressive neurologic disorder in older adults associated with gait impairment and often urinary dysfunction and cognitive decline. 🔗 Learn more: ja.ma/3Tuhut6
Diagram illustrating Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (iNPH) pathophysiology from JAMA. It details mechanisms like altered CSF dynamics, increased pulsatility, elevated venous pressure reducing CSF drainage, and CSF accumulation causing ventriculomegaly and brain compression.
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 06/09/2026
Among patients with #BranchAtheromatousDisease-related #IschemicStroke, intravenous #Tirofiban plus aspirin did not reduce early neurological deterioration or new stroke compared with aspirin alone. ja.ma/4cYrWQ8
JAMA Neurology RCT on Tirofiban+aspirin vs. placebo+aspirin for stroke. 970 patients (607M, 363F, median 63y) in China. Findings: No significant difference in early neurological deterioration or new stroke incidence between groups. Graph shows similar cumulative incidence for both (HR 0.88, P=.39).
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 06/09/2026
💬 Editorial: Among patients with #BranchAtheromatousDisease-related #IschemicStroke, the trial did not show an overall benefit of tirofiban plus aspirin. ja.ma/3UDTDrh
JAMA Neurology Editorial: 'Tirofiban for Branch Atheromatous Disease—End of the Line or New Opportunity?' authored by Dixon Yang, S. Andrew Josephson, and Hooman Kamel. Published online August 31, 2026.
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 26/08/2026
In 2 clinical trials, once-daily #tevapadon improved symptoms in patients with #ParkinsonDisease, increasing daily good on time in those taking levodopa and improving motor scores in early disease vs placebo. 📖 Read the full article to learn more: ja.ma/4xfuYYw
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 24/08/2026
Female sex, smoking, and family history were independent risk factors for de novo #IntracranialAneurysm formation after #AneurysmalSubarachnoidHemorrhage, and #SmokingCessation was associated with lower risk. ja.ma/3Uwn12r
Graph showing Cumulative Incidence of De Novo Intracranial Aneurysm Formation over 50 years. Two curves, "Cumulative incidence function" (blue) and "Kaplan-Meier" (orange), both rise. Kaplan-Meier is higher, reaching ~50% at 50 years, while the blue curve reaches ~35%. Numbers at risk decrease from 544 to 11.
010
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 24/08/2026
This JAMA Neurology #Review proposes #TDP43-associated neurodegenerative disease as a staging framework that links presymptomatic biology with later clinical phenotypes and could support earlier mechanism-based treatment development. ja.ma/4g487c8
ja.ma
TDP-43–Associated Neurodegenerative Disease
This narrative review discusses an alternative approach to disease classification based on underlying pathobiology, specifically examining the role of transactive response DNA-binding protein, 43 kDa ...
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 24/08/2026
This Review proposes #TDP43-associated neurodegenerative disease as a staging framework that links presymptomatic biology with later clinical phenotypes and could support earlier mechanism-based treatment development. ja.ma/4g487c8
011
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 24/08/2026
Performance of the FDA-cleared Lumipulse plasma #biomarker for amyloid pathology detection in #AlzheimerDisease varied by site and reagent lots, highlighting need for local assay verification and ongoing quality control. ja.ma/4q6gHdO
ja.ma
Variability in Clinical Performance of the FDA-Cleared Lumipulse p-Tau 217/β-Amyloid 42 Plasma Ratio
This cross-sectional study evaluates the performance of the US Food and Drug Administration–cleared phosphorylated tau 217 (p-tau217) to β-amyloid 42 ratio cut points used to detect amyloid pathology associated with Alzheimer disease.
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 23/08/2026
Quantile aggregation may artificially inflate amyloid-cognition associations in #AlzheimerDisease trials, highlighting need for causally interpretable methods when assessing surrogate endpoints. ja.ma/4fXWkLf
ja.ma
Methodological Considerations for Quantile Aggregation in Alzheimer Disease Trials
This study evaluates the quantile-aggregation method using both simulated data and publicly available Alzheimer disease randomized trial data.
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 22/08/2026
Delayed onset of hemichorea and dystonia can occur after cortical temporal #Stroke, even when imaging reveals small acute ischemic lesions and routine blood tests are normal. ja.ma/4gk4fDW
ja.ma
Cortical Temporal Stroke Presenting With Delayed Hemichorea-Dystonia
This case report describes delayed hemichorea-dystonia following right carotid endarterectomy for proximal internal carotid artery stenosis in a 79-year-old man.
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 21/08/2026
#CavernousSinus dural arteriovenous fistula can present with proptosis, conjunctival injection, and ophthalmoplegia; endovascular embolization achieved complete occlusion and rapid symptom resolution in this case. ja.ma/4q1mUHU
ja.ma
Cavernous Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistula With Ocular Congestion and Proptosis
This case report describes a 58-year-old man with a 10-day history of left eye redness, proptosis, blurred vision, and left-sided head pressure.
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 20/08/2026
📑 JAMA Neurology #Review: Gene delivery platforms for #Glioblastoma include viral vectors, lipid nanoparticles, and nanocarriers, with oncolytic HSV gaining approval and new nonviral approaches entering early clinical trials in #NeuroOncology. ja.ma/4fKjExd
ja.ma
Recent Advances and Future Prospects in Gene Delivery Platforms for Glioblastoma
This review discusses the most recent progress in genetic therapies for gliomas, with a focus on clinical platforms and those nearing clinical translation.
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 20/08/2026
For most patients with stroke and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, anticoagulants alone remain the recommended treatment to prevent recurrence. Added therapies, like #aspirin or catheter ablation, may not provide benefit. #StrokePrevention 📖 Read full article to learn more: ja.ma/4zhyJxR
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 19/08/2026
Integrating genetic and pathological data increased diagnostic accuracy and identified ancestry-related differences in #ParkinsonDisease, supporting biologically informed diagnostic tools and future pathology-targeted therapeutic trials. ja.ma/3RGAwvE
ja.ma
Pathology and Genetics in a Global Cohort of Parkinsonian Disorders
This cross-sectional study investigates how genetic variants and neuropathology are associated with clinical features and diagnostic accuracy in movement disorders.
010
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 18/08/2026
A reperfusion-guided systolic blood pressure strategy improved functional outcomes and reduced hemorrhagic transformation for patients with acute #Stroke after endovascular therapy compared with guideline-recommended management. ja.ma/4q8PO9g
ja.ma
Personalized Blood Pressure Targeting After Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke
This randomized clinical trial evaluates whether a reperfusion-guided systolic blood pressure control strategy improves functional outcomes compared with guideline-recommended management after successful endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke.
011
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 17/08/2026
Among patients with idiopathic #Myelopathy, screening for anti-CD320 antibodies with metabolic confirmation of central nervous system–restricted #VitaminB12 deficiency may help clarify diagnosis and guide treatment evaluation. ja.ma/4ic7a2O
Figure 3: Dorsolateral MRI scans of cervical & thoracic spine (sagittal & axial T2 views) from Participants 19, 31, & 13. Shows abnormalities in Idiopathic Myelopathy with positive Anti-CD320. Orange lines show axial slice levels; Participant 13 has pre/posttreatment scans.
010
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 17/08/2026
Among adults with #Epilepsy receiving direct oral anticoagulants, antiseizure medication selection was associated with different risks of thromboembolic events, major bleeding, and all-cause mortality. ja.ma/4x3Dc5E
Four forest plots show HRs for antiseizure medicines (ASMs) vs Lamotrigine/Lacosamide. Levetiracetam is linked to higher thromboembolic events & all-cause mortality. Valproate shows higher all-cause mortality. Strong EI shows lower bleeding events.
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 17/08/2026
Among patients with familial or sporadic #FrontotemporalDementia, cerebrospinal fluid TMEM106B levels were lower with greater disease severity, progression, smaller brain volumes, and in carriers of the protective rs1990622 genotype. ja.ma/3THo4MJ
ja.ma
Clinical Associations of Cerebrospinal Fluid TMEM106B in Familial and Sporadic Frontotemporal Dementia
This cross-sectional study among 2 independent cohorts investigates the clinical associations of cerebrospinal fluid TMEM106B protein levels in frontotemporal lobar degeneration.
010
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 16/08/2026
Among patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large-vessel occlusion, standard-dose tenecteplase resulted in greater early reperfusion vs low-dose alteplase, with comparable functional and safety outcomes. ja.ma/4fM3Xp9
ja.ma
Standard-Dose Tenecteplase v Low-Dose Alteplase for Acute Ischemic Stroke From Large-Vessel Occlusion
This randomized clinical trial attempts to determine whether standard-dose tenecteplase at 0.25 mg/kg achieves a higher rate of recanalization on the initial angiogram than low-dose alteplase at 0.6 mg/kg in patients scheduled for mechanical thrombectomy.
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 15/08/2026
Among veterans with prior #TraumaticBrainInjury, the plasma p-tau217/Aβ42 blood test for #AlzheimerDisease missed over half of brain amyloid-positive cases, indicating reduced diagnostic accuracy in this population. ja.ma/4x3cf2f
Three box-and-whisker plots illustrate biomarkers' Amyloid-β (Aβ) discrimination by Aβ-PET positivity and TBI group. Plots show p-tau217/Aβ42, p-Tau217, and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios. Significant differences (P<.002) are observed between Aβ- and Aβ+ groups across TBI severities.
121
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 14/08/2026
Randomized clinical trial indicates middle meningeal artery embolization with n-butyl cyanoacrylate plus standard care reduced #SubduralHematoma recurrence and need for surgery vs standard care alone, with comparable safety profile. ja.ma/4q0MJYA
ja.ma
Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization With n-Butyl Cyanoacrylate in Chronic Subdural Hematoma
This randomized clinical trial evaluates whether n-butyl cyanoacrylate for middle meningeal artery embolization plus standard of care reduces the residual or re-accumulation of hematoma compared with standard of care alone.
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 13/08/2026
Among adult #Ebola survivors, neurological symptoms such as memory loss, headaches, and depression remained common even 7 years post-infection, although most improved over time. ja.ma/4wRcoWd
JAMA Neurology article: Neurological Manifestations in Adult Survivors Ebola Virus Disease. Four line graphs show General Neurological Examination (GNE) and Central Nervous System (CNS) scores over 0-100 months post-EVD. Data for survivors & contacts, split by age <40 & ≥40. Scores generally decrease over time.
143
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 12/08/2026
Machine learning analysis of patient-clinician conversations identified cognitive impairment with sensitivity 68% and specificity 64%, supporting passive speech-based screening in routine #PrimaryCare. ja.ma/4xBpjvE
Workflow diagram showing acoustic noise, patient, and physician speech combining into raw recordings. These are windowed into 30-second segments, processed for whisper features, then fed into XGBoost for segment-level and aggregated recording-level predictions. Two distinct data flows are shown.
002
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 11/08/2026
📝 A young adult with thoracic myelopathy developed worsening #SpasticParaparesis after lumbar puncture, and flexion #MRI revealed dynamic thoracic cord compression consistent with a Hirayama-like mechanism. ja.ma/4hmG74I
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 10/08/2026
Among amyloid-positive individuals, a 7-protein plasma panel improved identification of advanced neocortical #tau pathology compared with phosphorylated tau-217 alone. ja.ma/4zowKbl
Figure 3 shows five graphs comparing the performance of the Elastic Net (EN) Panel and p-Tau217 for identifying late Braak individuals. The EN panel consistently demonstrates superior or comparable performance across ROC curves, specificity, sensitivity, PPV, and NPV compared to p-Tau217.
010
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 10/08/2026
In generalized #MyastheniaGravis, inebilizumab was associated with fewer exacerbations during corticosteroid tapering, including less use of intravenous immunoglobulin or plasma exchange. ja.ma/4q2AY3Q
Bar chart: Participants with exacerbation (%). Inebilizumab (orange bars) consistently shows lower percentages than Placebo (gray bars) across all groups. Combined: Placebo ~35%, Inebilizumab ~15%. AChR+: Placebo ~32%, Inebilizumab ~17%. MuSK+: Placebo ~45%, Inebilizumab ~12%. Inebilizumab reduces exacerbation risk.
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 08/08/2026
In #PrimaryProgressiveAphasia, automated #SpeechAnalysis of a brief picture description task distinguished nonfluent, logopenic, and semantic variants and produced interpretable speech profiles. ja.ma/4wRIH7y
Figure 1: Multinomial Speech Profiles for Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) Variants. A 3D scatterplot shows nfvPPA, lvPPA, and svPPA data points clustered and separated by planes. B, C, D are confusion matrices for clinical, external, and neuropathological validation, detailing predicted vs. actual diagnoses/pathologies.
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 08/08/2026
In #MultipleSclerosis, higher serum glial fibrillary acidic protein was associated with greater risk of progression independent of relapse activity, while neurofilament light chain was more closely associated with relapse risk. ja.ma/3SlEudh
Two Kaplan-Meier curves on Progression Independent of Relapse Activity (PIRA) over time. Both the Swiss MS and EPIC MS cohorts show a higher proportion of PIRA in the GFAP z score > 1 group (orange line) compared to the GFAP z score ≤ 1 group (teal line).
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 03/08/2026
This case report describes a 60-year-old woman presenting with sudden loss of muscle tone with preserved consciousness and severe daytime sleepiness. ja.ma/4fMpmgB
JAMA Neurology article page titled: Global and Partial Cataplexy, Geste Antagoniste, and Startle Response in Narcolepsy Type 1. Authored by Roberta Di Giacomo, Lorella Pesce, and Giuseppe Didato. Published online August 3, 2026.
010
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 03/08/2026
In #PrimaryProgressiveAphasia, automated #SpeechAnalysis of a brief picture description task distinguished nonfluent, logopenic, and semantic variants and produced interpretable speech profiles. ja.ma/4w4A2xg
Figure 1: Multinomial Speech Profiles for Primary Progressive Aphasia Variants. A 3D scatterplot shows nfvPPA (orange), lvPPA (dark teal), and svPPA (light teal) data points forming distinct clusters. Three confusion matrices display classification accuracy for clinical diagnoses and underlying neuropathologies.
011
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 03/08/2026
In #MultipleSclerosis, higher serum glial fibrillary acidic protein was associated with greater risk of progression independent of relapse activity, while neurofilament light chain was more closely associated with relapse risk. ja.ma/3TTRpU9
Kaplan-Meier curves for two MS cohorts (Swiss & EPIC) show time to progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) based on GFAP z scores. Both graphs indicate that patients with GFAP z score > 1 (orange line) have a higher proportion of PIRA over time compared to those with GFAP z score ≤ 1 (blue line).
011
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 03/08/2026
📌 How can clinicians and researchers stay up to date on the most clinically relevant trials? Follow JAMA+ Trials to get curated access to the best of the JAMA Network’s trial research, commentaries, and educational resources: jamanetwork.com/channels/tri...
jamanetwork.com
JAMA+ Trials Research, Education and Commentary from JAMA Network
Find high-quality clinical trial research with JAMA+ Trials, offering curated studies, multimedia insights, and advanced search across the JAMA Network.
002
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 03/08/2026
JAMA Neurology EIC S. Andrew Josephson, MD, selected this as his 2025 Editor's Choice: Clinical Trial of the Year for its important findings on relapse risk after discontinuing disease-modifying therapy in stable MS. 🔗 Read the Editorial: ja.ma/3S5wbSN
161
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 03/08/2026
In a RCT published in JAMA Neurology, stopping first-line disease-modifying therapy led to more inflammatory disease activity vs continuing treatment for patients with stable #MultipleSclerosis (MS) for at least 5 years. ja.ma/3TOFkzx
164
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 03/08/2026
Patients with functional #neurological disorder exhibit frequent psychiatric and neurological comorbidities, worse functional outcomes, higher health care use, and increased mortality compared with multiple sclerosis. ja.ma/3Rvrq4N
Figure 1. Bar chart: 'Distribution of diagnoses by sex'. Y-axis: No. of patients (0-60k). X-axis: Diagnosis (FND-motor, FND-seizure, FND-sensory, FND-mixed). Females (grey) show notably higher patient numbers than Males (orange) across all diagnoses. Unknown (light blue) are low.
175
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 29/07/2026
Interview with Kelly G. Gwathmey, MD, author of Efficacy and Safety of Gefurulimab in Generalized Myasthenia Gravis: The PREVAIL Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial. Hosted by Cynthia E. Armand, MD. ja.ma/4bi8T2s
ja.ma
Gefurulimab and Generalized Myasthenia Gravis
Interview with Kelly G. Gwathmey, MD, author of Efficacy and Safety of Gefurulimab in Generalized Myasthenia Gravis: The PREVAIL Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial. Hosted by Cynthia E. Armand, MD.
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 29/07/2026
💬 Editorial: Road traffic noise may be a novel place-based risk factor for #ParkinsonDisease, adding to evidence linking environmental toxicants and pollution exposures to disease risk. ja.ma/4fEM8XT
ja.ma
Environmental Risk in Parkinson Disease—Bring the Noise
Parkinson disease (PD) affects over 11 million people worldwide and is among the fastest-growing causes of neurological death and disability.1 This trend highlights the critical need to identify and address modifiable risk factors of PD. Several environmental chemicals have been linked to PD risk,...
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 29/07/2026
Among residents exposed to higher traffic noise, a quieter residential side was associated with lower #ParkinsonDisease risk, suggesting a possible role for noise mitigation in housing and urban design. ja.ma/4fEM1vr
ja.ma
Road Traffic Noise and Risk of Parkinson Disease
This cohort study evaluates the association between long-term exposure to road traffic noise and risk of Parkinson disease.
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 29/07/2026
💬 Editorial: In anti–acetylcholine receptor antibody–positive generalized #MyastheniaGravis, gefurulimab improved activities of daily living and quantitative disease scores over 26 weeks. ja.ma/4h3b0em
ja.ma
First Effective Nanobody in Myasthenia Gravis Therapy
In generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), a continuously increasing spectrum of immunomodulatory agents with different mechanisms of action have been studied, including T- and B-cell directed drugs and drugs acting on downstream antibody-metabolism, such as neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) and complement...
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 29/07/2026
Gefurulimab, a complement component 5–blocking nanobody, provided early and sustained benefit in generalized #MyastheniaGravis and was well tolerated with once-weekly self-administered subcutaneous dosing. ja.ma/4h8taeJ
ja.ma
Gefurulimab and Generalized Myasthenia Gravis
This randomized clinical trial compares the novel dual-binding nanobody gefurulimab vs placebo for treating anti–acetylcholine receptor antibody–positive generalized myasthenia gravis.
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 29/07/2026
💬 Viewpoint: Medicolegal advocacy from neurologists can support patients with neurologic illness in securing rehabilitation, disability benefits, and housing stability, with implications for individual and population health. ja.ma/4bknYk6
ja.ma
Moving Beyond Legal Phobia to Medicolegal Advocacy in Neurology
This Viewpoint discusses neurologists writing letters on patients’ behalf for legal proceedings.
000
JAMA Neurology @jamaneurology.com · 27/07/2026
Limiting #ParkinsonDisease genetic testing to onset ≤50 years misses most carriers of pathogenic variants, including many eligible for gene-targeted therapies; broader, age-inclusive strategies may improve diagnostic yield. ja.ma/3RXVm9J
Bar graph titled 'Age Bracket Performance of AAO Criteria for Genetic Testing in Parkinson Disease (PD)'. PPV on Y-axis, Age at onset on X-axis. It compares ROPAD (dark gray) and PD GENEration (blue). PD GENEration peaks at ~0.5 for age <30 & generally decreases with age. ROPAD is lower, showing a similar trend.
000