Reposted by Into the Abyss: The Xindi Attack and the Expanse
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Into the Abyss: The Xindi Attack and the Expanse
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An oral history of the Xindi War, from the attack on Earth to the depths of the Expanse. Affiliated with Tranquility Press.
![Commentary on Foreigners (c. 1420),
Ming Official He Ao
He Ao was a censor, a high official in the provincial bureaucracy of the Ming Empire. The censorate was part of the central state. Responsible directly to the emperor, it was tasked with rooting out corruption at the local level. This document, in which He describes the threats posed by Europeans (called Feringis), is an official government report to his superiors.
Identify the factors He used to mark foreigners as different, and evaluate their relative significance. Pay special attention to his language and the terms he used.
What specific threats resulting from European influence does He identify, and what remedies does he propose?
Explain the distinction this document draws between the way trade was conducted in the past (in the “time of our ancestors”) and in the present. What is He’s view of commerce?
The Feringis are most cruel and crafty. Their arms are superior to those of other foreigners. Some years ago they came suddenly to the city of Canton, and the noise of their cannon shook the earth [these were cannon-shots fired as a salute by the fleet of Fernão Peres]. Those who remained at the post-station [places where foreigners were lodged] disobeyed the law and had intercourse with others. Those who came to the Capital were proud and struggled [among themselves?] to become head. Now if we allow them to come and go and to carry on their trade, it will inevitably lead to fighting and bloodshed, and the misfortune of our South may be boundless.](https://cdn.bsky.app/img/feed_thumbnail/plain/did:plc:vsdl6beqhcz3uwbrpthutvf6/bafkreiaaobkh56qkrzulmauwblbafvil6ei4euhobzdzlfbkmwsg6gf6ey)
