, arteriovenous (AV) grafts, and tunneled dialysis catheters. In 2003, the National Kidney Foundation’s Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines supported the “Fistula First” initiative a...

sed severity of pelvic and limb ischemia. Surgical treatment of JRAO is complex and usually involves suprarenal clamping and poses a significant morbidity and mortality risk. Nevertheless, the current...

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