3/ (The positron is the antiparticle of the electron.)
Creating these two particles costs a lot of energy, though: two rest-mass energies, Δ𝐸 = 2𝑚𝑐^2, where 𝑚 is the mass of the electron/positron.
This energy can be "borrowed" from the vacuum, but only for a short time Δ𝑡
