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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 08/06/2026

I’ve published The Geometry of the Last Supper and am now developing a YouTube series. 👇 First preview below. Full video coming soon. geometrylastsupper.com #LeonardoDaVinci #LastSupper #ArtHistory #Geometry #RenaissanceArt #Architecture #Perspective #Symbolism #BookSky #Animation

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 17/04/2026

Architecture of a masterpiece: Leonardo's perspective, mapped. Look closer. Do you see what's happening here? www.geometrylastsupper.com #TheLastSupper #LeonardoDaVinci #RenaissanceArt #ArtHistory #Geometry #GeometryInArt #SymbolismInArt

Leonardo da Vinci's "The Last Supper" overlaid with a geometric grid and perspective lines. Bright yellow perspective lines suggested by the top of the tapestries, originate from the upper corners and converge at the vanishing point on Jesus’s head. A blue triangle with its sides on the diagonals of the grid and its apex at the centre. Two white semi-circular arcs show the rotations of the triangle's sides. The perspective lines are tangent to the arcs, as if resting on them. The angle between the hands of James and Thomas is the same as the angle of the arc.

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 19/01/2026

🤓 Nerd’s corner: for the truly dedicated geometry fans... what is the height of the vanishing point B? geometrylastsupper.com #TheLastSupper #LeonardoDaVinci #RenaissanceArt #ArtHistory #Geometry #GeometryInArt #SymbolismInArt

From The Geometry of the Last Supper by Raphaël Mouterde. It shows the triangle on the grid and the arc created by the rotation of the side of the triangle to the vertical. The main perspective line suggested by the top of the tapestries has the same slope than the diagonal of the grid and is tangent to the arc.

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 19/01/2026

And here lies the beauty of it: 💡 The perspective lines are tangent to the Arc of Thomas! This connection reveals yet another layer of deliberate geometry within the composition, in an elegant alignment between the triangle, the grid, and the perspective itself.

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 19/01/2026

Or so it seems. In fact, the perspective lines are related to the grid because their slope matches that of the grid's diagonals. In other words, the perspective (in yellow) runs parallel to the diagonals of the grid (in black).

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 15/01/2026

The Triangle #4 The arc created by rotating the triangle’s side aligns the top point A with one of the grid's verticals. Here, I've highlighted the angle of this arc in yellow and reported it to the hand gestures of James and Thomas.

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 09/12/2025

The Triangle #3 Our attention turns to the rotation of the triangle’s sides. 📐 Once again, let’s take our imaginary drawing compass. Placing the tip on N, we rotate the top of the triangle to the right. Starting from A, we trace an arc that intersects the grid exactly at the height of the window

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 04/12/2025

So the question is: what is the radius of that circle? 💡 The first intuition is the correct one: the pediment is defined by a circle of radius 1 (one module of the grid = 1). #TheLastSupper #LeonardoDaVinci #RenaissanceArt #ArtHistory #Geometry #GeometryInArt #SymbolismInArt geometrylastsupper.com

From The Geometry of the Last Supper by Raphaël Mouterde. It shows the triangle on the grid and the arcs created by both rotations of the triangle's base. The outer edge of the pediment is given by the circle of radius 1 (module of the grid) coming into contact with the arcs at a tangent.

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 29/11/2025

The Triangle #1 Starting from the centre of the grid and following Jesus’ open arms, we can draw a triangle with a base of 4 and a height of 2. 📐 Let’s grab an imaginary compass, plant it on N, and rotate the triangle’s base upward. With that gesture, we draw an arc that interacts with the grid.

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 19/11/2025

It’s a great feeling to see my book in the window of the All Good Bookshop (London, Turnpike Lane). I will be giving a book talk there on Friday 28th November. Come along to this free talk!

The window of the All Good Bookshop in London, Turnpike Lane. The book called The George of the Last Supper by Raphael Mouterde is presented in the window.

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 10/11/2025

The Triangle Whether the posture of Jesus, with his arms open before him, was intended to represent a triangle is debatable. There are plenty of good reasons to depict Christ in such a stance. It conveys a sense of calm and inner authority which contrasts sharply with the agitation of the disciples

From The Geometry of the Last Supper by Raphaël Mouterde. It shows a close-up of Jesus and the first group of disciples seated next to him on either side. There is an overlay of the grid with the triangle of base 4, height 2 and its apex at the centre of the grid. The open arms of Jesus suggest such a triangle, key to the geometry of the Last Supper.

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 04/11/2025

Three centres for The Last Supper? With the presentation of Brachert’s grid in the last mini-series, things seem at first to get a little out of hand. 📐 In effect, the composition has three different centres: •The centre of the grid itself •The vanishing point •The centre of the pediment

From The Geometry of the Last Supper by Raphaël Mouterde. It shows the Last Supper with an overlay of the 12x6 grid and elements of the composition that don't fall on the grid, i-e: the perspective, the pediment and the openings of the windows and the door with its decorative pediment.

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 26/10/2025

The Grid #6 The grid acts as a structural framework for the proportions of the entire scene. It dictates the placement of key elements: the dining room’s walls, the ceiling, the back wall, the table and the floor. It also informs the positioning of the tapestries on either side of the composition.

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 21/10/2025

This subtle detail visually signals his moral and emotional descent. Counterbalancing his downward motion, Philip rises above the median, his hands pressed on his heart, contributing to the wave-like motion that animates the composition. #TheLastSupper #LeonardoDaVinci #RenaissanceArt #ArtHistory

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 21/10/2025

The Grid #5 The median is the horizontal line of the grid that runs through its centre. In The Last Supper, the median of Brachert's grid aligns with the heads of all the protagonists but one. Judas, the one who will betray Jesus, is the only person whose face falls below the line.

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 12/10/2025

This leaves two units in the centre occupied by Jesus alone, giving rise to a sense of authority and calm amid the chaos around him. #TheLastSupper #LeonardoDaVinci #RenaissanceArt #ArtHistory #Geometry #GeometryInArt #SymbolismInArt

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 08/10/2025

The grid, however, does more than define the space as it also governs the distribution of the apostles along the table. Can you see how? #TheLastSupper #LeonardoDaVinci #RenaissanceArt #ArtHistory #Geometry #GeometryInArt #SymbolismInArt

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 21/09/2025

In John's gospel, Jesus indicated the betrayer by giving him a morsel of bread after dipping it. Accordingly, Leonardo painted the right hand of Christ and the left hand of Judas having already initiated a movement towards each other which would lead, a moment later, to the meeting of their hands.

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 09/08/2025

The hypothesis of a hidden purpose driving the composition of the door and two windows gains momentum as we note that the proportions of the windows are in fact related to the proportions of the door. When we place the two windows side by side, we find that they fit perfectly into the doorframe!

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 29/07/2025

The discovery of perspective was a breakthrough which revolutionised the visual arts. One was could now draw objects receding into the distance with accuracy. The idea is to sketch a checkerboard consisting of converging lines (orthogonals) and an array of parallel horizontal lines (transversals).

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 24/07/2025

2/Within the circle are Jesus and two hands—one belonging to James the Greater, the other to Thomas, who points his finger towards the heavens. Notably, the head of Thomas touches the circle from the outside – without entering it. #TheLastSupper #LeonardoDaVinci #RenaissanceArt #ArtHistory

From The Geometry of the Last Supper by Raphaël Mouterde. It shows the circle used to define the outer edge of the pediment above the door. The centre of the circle is not aligned with the vanishing point of the perspective. It sits slightly higher. In the circle are Jesus and two hands–one from James the Greater and one from Thomas.

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 24/07/2025

1/Above the door, a semi-circular pediment is faintly visible—its edges softened by the deterioration of Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper. Interestingly, the center of the circle that defines its outer edge is not aligned with the vanishing point of the perspective. Instead, it sits slightly higher.

From The Geometry of the Last Supper by Raphaël Mouterde. It shows a close up of Jesus from Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper. Behind Jesus is a door and the decorative semi-circular pediment above it, only faintly visible due to the degradation of the painting.

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 16/07/2025

Here is a close up of the vanishing point in the Last Supper. Where would you say it falls: on the ear of Jesus? #TheLastSupper #LeonardoDaVinci #RenaissanceArt #SymbolismInArt #Geometry #ArtHistory #GeometryInArt

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 08/07/2025

Did you know that in the Last Supper, the corners of the windows are inscribed within the ray of perspective suggested by the tapestries? How much does this elegant design touch us, I wonder... #TheLastSupper #LeonardoDaVinci #RenaissanceArt #ArtHistory #GeometryInArt geometrylastsupper.com

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 02/07/2025

Famously, there aren’t any tiles on the floor of the Last supper. The powerful illusion of perspective relies predominantly on the four tapestries hanging on either side and the coffered ceiling. #renaissanceart #leonardodavinci #geometryinart #TheLastSupper #ArtHistory geometrylastsupper.com

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 14/06/2025

Such beauty! From this viewpoint (our eyes are below the centre of the mural), you would swear that the vanishing point is above Jesus' head. In fact, it is situated just below his temple. #TheLastSupper #leonardodavinci #geometry #renaissance

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 18/04/2025

I couldn’t have found the geometry of the Last Supper without this book: Cathédrales, Le Verbe Géométrique. A masterful geometrical study of the facades of 4 French cathedrals: Amien, Reims, Rouen and Strasbourg. geometrylastsupper.com #TheLastSupper #LeonardoDaVinci #geometry #symbolism #art

The cover of Cathédrales, Le Verbe Géométrique by Thierry de Champris and published by Guy Trédaniel.

One page showing the facade of Rouen cathedral with a geometrical overlay from the book called Cathédrales, Le Verbe Géométrique by Thierry de Champris and published by Guy Trédaniel.

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 21/03/2025

Here is the key to the composition of the Last Supper! From the centre of the grid, follow Jesus' open arms and draw a triangle of base 4. The rotation of its sides will open everything up. Can you see how? geometrylastsupper.com #LeonardoDaVinci #Art #Geometry #Renaissance #Painting #Booksky

From The Geometry of the Last Supper by Raphaël Mouterde. This picture shows a close up of the triangle of base 4 (and height 2) with its apex at the centre of the grid. It is the key that will open the geometry for the composition of the Last supper.

From The Geometry of the Last Supper by Raphaël Mouterde. This picture shows the full grid and the triangle of base 4 (and height 2) with its apex at the centre of the grid. It is the key that will open the geometry for the composition of the Last supper.

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 12/03/2025

The grid commands the general proportions of the room and the disposition of the apostles but three elements defy its rule: the door & windows, the pediment, and the perspective. And this, ladies & gents, is where the geometry comes in! geometrylastsupper.com #LeonardoDaVinci #art #geometry

From the Geometry of the Last Supper by Raphaël Mouterde. It shows the Leonardo's Last Supper with the 12x6 grid on it and how the three openings, the pediment above the door and the perspective lines suggested by the tapestries defy the rule of the grid. And this is where the geometry comes in.

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 06/03/2025

Happy World Book Day ! www.geometrylastsupper.com

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 01/03/2025

There is above the door a decorative pediment. It doesn't look like much, but it's symbolically significant as it is the only evocation of a circle in Leonardo's masterpiece. It's also an integral part of the geometry of the Last Supper. #Renaissance #Art #Geometry #LeonardoDaVinci #booksky

From the Geometry of the Last Supper by Raphaël Mouterde. A close up of Jesus and the door behind him, with the decorative circular pediment above it.

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 20/02/2025

The groups of apostles are bound to the 12x6 grid, and constrained to 5 modules on the left, and 5 on the right. This leaves two modules in the centre occupied solely by the calming presence of Christ. geometrylastsupper.com #Renaissance #Art #Geometry #LeonardoDaVinci #Booksky #Painting

From The Geometry of the Last Supper by Raphael Mouterde. It shows the 12x6 grid superimposed to a picture of Leonardo da Vinci’s Last Supper. The apostles are grouped and confined within 5 modules of the grid on the left and on the right. This leaves 2 modules in the centre for the calming presence of Christ.

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 10/02/2025

The line at the middle of the grid of the Last Supper (the median) passes through the head of the disciples. One disciple is below it, holding a purse in his fist: Judas, the man who betrayed Jesus. geometrylastsupper.com #LeonardoDaVinci #art #geometry #renaissance #painting #BookSky #composition

From The Geometry of the Last Supper by Raphaël Mouterde. It shows the 12x6 grid of the Last Supper superimposed to the two groups of the disciples on the left of Jesus. The median passes through the head of the disciples. Only Judas is situated below the line.

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 07/02/2025

With this group of apostles seated next to Jesus, we see how the three disciples fit within 2 modules of the grid. Thomas's hair and beard are almost touching the grid, at the limit of their defined space. What's Thomas telling us? geometrylastsupper.com #Renaissance #art #LeonardoDaVinci #geometry

From The Geometry of the Last Supper by Raphaël Mouterde. It shows Thomas, James and Philip and the 12x6 grid. They are confined to 2 modules of the grid and Thomas's hair and beard touches the limit of their dedicated space.

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 05/02/2025

The disciples in the Last Supper form 4 groups. At each end of the table, the groups take the space of 3 modules of the grid. The two groups next to Jesus are confined within 2 modules each, leaving 2 for Jesus in the centre. geometrylastsupper.com #LeonardoDaVinci #art #geometry #renaissance

From The Geometry of the Last Supper by Raphaël Mouterde. It shows the 12x6 grid on the Last Supper and how the two groups of disciples on the left of Jesus and the two groups on the right are confined within the grid in this manner: 3-2-2-2-3 modules.

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 28/01/2025

Scholars accept the existence of a grid of 12x6 that regulates the composition of the Last supper. It is suggested by the beams of the ceiling at the top. The tapestries, the size of the walls, even the groups of disciples are bound to it. geometrylastsupper.com #Renaissance #art #LeonardoDaVinci

From The Geometry of the Last Supper by Raphael Mouterde. It shows a grid of 12x6 which commands the composition. The 3 walls are the size of 4 modules of the grid.

From The Geometry of the Last Supper by Raphael Mouterde. It shows a grid of 12x6 which commands the composition. Vertically, the ceiling takes 1 module of the grid, the back wall 3, the table 1 and the rest of the floor 1.

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 27/01/2025

There is above the door behind Jesus a decorative circular pediment. The circle that was used to draw the curve of its outline isn't centred on the vanishing point of the perspective but slightly above it. Strange no? geometrylastsupper.com #Renaissance #LeonardoDaVinci #art #painting #geometry

From The Geometry of the Last Supper by Raphael Mouterde. It show the Leonardo da Vinci’s Last Supper and how the centre of the circle used to draw the decorative pediment above the door (behind Jesus) is placed above the vanishing point of the perspective.

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 26/01/2025

At first glance, the back wall seems to be going all the way down to the table. But when we draw the perspective lines going through the presumed corners of the room, we see that the floor is too small. Imagine having to fit the table within the red area! #Renaissance #LeonardoDaVinci #art #geometry

From The Geometry of the Last Supper by Raphael Mouterde. It shows how the dimension of the floor of the dining room is too small, if we assume that the back wall goes all the way down to the table.

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 22/01/2025

Perspective was theorised only 60 years before work started on The Last Supper. Yet Leonardo breaks away from the laws of perspective as you can see at the corner of the window. Why? (Read the teaser called 'Breaking the Law'. See you there!) geometrylastsupper.com #Renaissance #LeonardoDaVinci #art

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 12/01/2025

The Last Supper is like a snapshot. It corresponds to verse 24 from chapter 13 of John’s gospel. The disciples are reacting to what Jesus just said: ‘Truly, truly, I say to you, one of you will betray me’ (John 13:21). What is Peter asking John? www.geometrylastsupper.com #leonardo #renaissance

Peter reaches above Judas’ shoulder to ask John something… The Geometry of the Last Supper by Raphael Mouterde

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The Geometry of the Last Supper @geometrylastsupper.bsky.social · 11/01/2025

The story of a discovery: the geometry behind the composition of Leonardo da Vinci’s Last Supper. Accessible, beautiful, and full of meaning. It sheds a new light on this masterpiece of the Renaissance.

The cover of the book The Geometry of the Last Supper by Raphaël Mouterde

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