RSH enzymes (RelA/SpoT homologs) synthesize ppGpp (guanosine tetra-/pentaphosphate) in plastids, regulating organelle function. More importantly, whether ppGpp acts as a simple rheostat on immune outp...

Three bismuth-based coordination polymers with polycarboxylate linkers exhibit antimicrobial activity governed by their structural features.

Plant immunity relies on precise regulation of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs). Beyond trigg...

Background: Sample disruption and homogenization are critical steps in numerous biological extraction procedures (i.e., DNA, RNA, or protein isolation). These steps are often performed manually which ...