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European Thyroid Journal

@eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social
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The international journal for basic, translational, and clinical #thyroidology. Fully #openaccess and the official journal of European Thyroid Association.

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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 01/10/2026
Can follow-up be safely de-escalated for patients with low-risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma who achieve an excellent response to initial treatment? A new multicentre retrospective study found no recurrences among 379 low-risk DTC patients. 🔗 doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-26-0223
[European Thyroid Journal logo]
Outcomes of patients with low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer with an excellent response to initial therapy
Carlos Garcia-Regal et al.
Figure 2. Cumulative incidence (A) and instantaneous hazard rate (B) of indeterminate or biochemical incomplete response during follow-up according to the ATA 2015 guidelines and the Momesso criteria. The rug marks indicate event times.
Figure 3. Cumulative incidence (A) and instantaneous hazard rate (B) of indeterminate or biochemical incomplete response during follow-up according to the ATA 2025 guidelines the Momesso criteria. The rug marks indicate event times.
Eur Thyroid J (2026) 15 (5): ETJ260223. doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-26-0223
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 29/09/2026
A new study found an association between maternal thyroid disease and venous thromboembolism (VTE) diagnosed in relation to pregnancy in a large, nationwide cohort. Read the full study: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-26-0154
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Thyroid disease in pregnancy and the risk of venous thromboembolism: a Danish nationwide cohort study
Ida Marie Nørum Wigh et al.
Figure 2. Bar chart showing the prevalence of venous thromboembolism diagnosed in pregnancy or the following postpartum year in the full nationwide cohort, subcohort 1 and subcohort 2 when stratified by maternal thyroid disease. The illustration includes results of multivariate logistic regression with no thyroid disease as the reference group (Ref.) and reported as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). See the text for the definition of cohorts and variables included in the adjusted model.
Eur Thyroid J (2026) 15 (5): ETJ260154. doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-26-0154
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 24/09/2026
A new review by Linh T T Nguyen et al. summarises mechanisms of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) activation in thyroid cancer, the biological consequences of promoter mutations, clinical utility as biomarkers, & emerging therapeutic strategies. 🔗Read the research: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-26-0068
Novel Insights in Advanced Thyroid Carcinoma: From Mechanisms to Treatments Special Collection
[European Thyroid Journal logo]
TERT reactivation in thyroid cancer: mechanisms, clinical implications, and therapeutic opportunities
Linh T T Nguyen, Anthony Glover, Matti Gild, Martyn Bullock
Figure 2. Mechanisms of TERT activation in thyroid cancer. Multiple convergent mechanisms activate TERT transcription in thyroid cancer, leading to both canonical telomerase-dependent and non-canonical telomerase-independent oncogenic effects that collectively drive tumour progression. Eur Thyroid J (2026) 15 (5): ETJ260068.doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-26-0068
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 22/09/2026
A new review by Michaela Kuhlen et al. summarizes current evidence & practical management considerations for thyroid nodules in children & adolescents with cancer predisposition syndromes, with a focus on follicular cell-derived nodules & non-medullary thyroid carcinoma. doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-26-0100
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Approaches to thyroid nodules in paediatric cancer predisposition syndromes
Michaela Kuhlen et al.
Figure 1. Framework for evaluation of thyroid nodules in paediatric cancer predisposition syndromes (CPSs). This figure illustrates an integrated, multidisciplinary framework for children and adolescents with CPSs following the detection of a thyroid nodule. Key steps include i) expert high-resolution thyroid ultrasound (US) with systematic cervical lymph node assessment and longitudinal mapping in multinodular disease; ii) early multidisciplinary review after US to confirm risk stratification, define surveillance intervals, and select clinically meaningful targets for biopsy in heterogeneous glands; iii) selective US-guided FNA of nodules chosen on the basis of suspicious sonographic features and syndrome context, acknowledging syndrome-associated pitfalls...Eur Thyroid J (2026) 15 (5): ETJ260100. doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-26-0100.
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 17/09/2026
Does progesterone luteal phase support (LPS) affect thyroid function? New research investigates whether LPS with natural progesterone affects thyroid function in modified natural frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles, as assessed by TSH and fT4. 🔗doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-26-0099
[European Thyroid Journal logo] Effect of luteal phase support with progesterone on thyroid function: a sub-study of the FET optimizing trial. Diana Grove-Laugesen, Marte Saupstad, Anette Vestergaard Gabrielsen, Eva Ebbehøj, Kristine Løssl, Ulla Breth Knudsen, Anja Pinborg. Figure 2. Plasma progesterone on five specific time points from the day of hCG trigger (day 0) until day 16 in women receiving progesterone luteal phase support or no LPS. LPS, luteal phase support. Progesterone LPS was initiated in the ‘LPS group’ from day 4 after hCG trigger and is indicated with an arrow. Eur Thyroid J (2026) 15 (4): ETJ260099. doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-26-0099
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 15/09/2026
New research by Tiziana Di Marco et al. examines COPZ1, a subunit of coatomer complex I, dependency of murine TC cells and the molecular mechanisms involved. 🔗Read the research: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-...
[European Thyroid Journal logo] COPZ1 depletion induces cell death through different mechanisms in in vitro murine models of thyroid cancer. Tiziana Di Marco, Debora Vergaro, Mara Mazzoni, Beatrice Mazzoleni, Eleonora Muraro, Sonia Pagliardini, Angela Greco. Figure 1. Susceptibility of murine TC cell lines to COPZ1 silencing. (A) Real-time PCR analysis of murine TC cells for COPZ2 gene expression. Results are presented as relative quantity (RQ) normalized for β-actin housekeeping gene expression. Data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. To compare COPZ2 levels of TC cells with NIH3T3, an unpaired Student’s t-test was applied (**P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001). (B) Growth assay of murine TC cells 48–96 h after siRNA transfection; the values represent the optical density of crystal violet normalized to control values and are indicated as mean ± SD of three independent experiments;...Eur Thyroid J (2026) 15 (4): ETJ250408. doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0408.
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 10/09/2026
A new study explores intraoperative high-frequency ultrasound as a tool to identify capsular abnormalities and guide frozen section sampling in thyroid follicular neoplasms, with the aim of improving diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy. 🔗 doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-26-0040
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Optimizing frozen section sampling for thyroid follicular neoplasms through intraoperative ultrasound guidance. Bo Yu, Xin Li, Fang Mei, Jiuping Huang, Shirong Liu, Shi Tan. 

Schematic summary of the intraoperative ultrasound-guided optimization of frozen section sampling for thyroid Bethesda IV nodules. Source: created with BioGDP.com. Eur Thyroid J (2026) 15 (4): ETJ260040. doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-26-0040.
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 08/09/2026
Introducing Clinical Reasoning, a new article type in the European Thyroid Journal. If you are interested in submitting a Clinical Reasoning article, we'd be pleased to hear your proposal. Simply email etj@bioscientifica.com.
[European Thyroid Journal logo] New Article Type. Clinical Reasoning. Illustrative clinical cases exploring difficult diagnoses or tailored/controversial therapeutic strategies.
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 03/09/2026
✈️ See you in Porto! The European Thyroid Journal will be attending the 47th Annual Meeting of the European Thyroid Association. If you're thinking about your next publication, stop by for a chat & learn more about publishing with the official journal of the European Thyroid Association. #ETA2026
[European Thyroid Journal journal cover]
47th Annual Meeting of the European Thyroid Association (ETA)
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 27/08/2026
New Consensus Statement: Management of thyroid storm Developed by an expert panel, this document brings together current evidence & expert consensus to support the management of thyroid storm. 🔗https://doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-26-0043
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[European Thyroid Association logo]
Management of thyroid emergencies: joint consensus statement on management of thyroid storm
Peter Taylor, Onyebuchi Okosieme, Grigoris Effraimidis, Fraser Gibb, Dhruv Parekh, Carla Moran, Peter Kopp, Kristien Boelaert
Figure 1. Overview of treatment strategies for thyroid storm. ATD, antithyroid drug, PTU, propylthiouracil; MMI, methimazole; CBZ, carbimazole; SSKI, saturated solution of potassium iodide; C-XRAY, chest X-ray; ECG, electrocardiogram, HDU, high-dependency unit. 
Eur Thyroid J (2026) 15 (4): ETJ260043. doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-26-0043
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 25/08/2026
New research by Anke Daser et al. identifies TNFα as a central regulator linking inflammation to adipogenic suppression, profibrotic signaling, and extracellular matrix remodeling in a thyrotropin receptor-immunized mouse model of thyroid eye disease. 🔗Read the research: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0407
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TNFα drives disease-specific chemokine networks and orbital tissue remodeling in a preclinical model of thyroid eye disease
Anke Daser, Anne Gulbins, Mareike Horstmann, Jamila Kalisch, Insa Nolte, Fahimeh Hashemi Arani, Stephan Lang, Stefan Mattheis, Nikolaos E Bechrakis, J Paul Banga, Anja Eckstein, Gina-Eva Görtz

Figure 1. Histological analyses of orbital tissues. Orbital sections from TSHR-immunized mice (n = 17) and β-Gal controls (n = 14) were stained for (A) F4/80-positive macrophages, (B) CD3-positive T cells, and (C) TNFα-positive cells. Representative images from TSHR-immunized mice are shown. The arrows indicate positively stained cells. Positive cells were quantified per mm2 in defined orbital regions, including ocular muscle (OM), connective tissue, adipose tissue (AT), and around the optic nerve (ON). Images were acquired using an Olympus BX51 microscope...Eur Thyroid J (2026) 15 (4): ETJ250407. doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0407.
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 19/08/2026
💙 August is Thyroid and Pregnancy Awareness Month. Help advance understanding of thyroid disease in pregnancy & contribute to the evidence base informing care by contributing to the ETJ Special Collection on Thyroid Disease and Pregnancy 🔗 journals.bioscientifica.com/etj/pages/pregnancy/
Thyroid and Pregnancy Awareness Month
August
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 18/08/2026
A recent study used an ex vivo human placental perfusion model to investigate the role of MCT8 in placental thyroxine (T4) transfer and whether impaired maternal thyroid hormone transport may contribute to neurodevelopmental impairment in MCT8 deficiency. 🔗 doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-26-0003
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Reduced thyroid hormone transport in a human placental model with inhibited MCT8
Zhongli Chen, Selmar Leeuwenburgh, Wouter F Zijderveld, Sjoerd van den Berg, Lunbo Tan, Michelle Broekhuizen, Madhavi Harhangi, Rugina Neuman, Rutchanna Jongejan, Yolanda B de Rijke, Irwin Reiss, A H Jan Danser, Robin Peeters, Marcel Meima, W Edward Visser.

Figure 1. (A) MCT8 protein expression in human term placenta. MCT8 was detected by western blot in the homogenates made from the biopsies that were collected from the maternal and fetal sides of two human term placentas (P1 and P2). Empty vector-transfected COS1 cell lysate was used as a negative control, and MCT8-transfected COS1 cell lysate was used as a positive control. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as a loading control. (B) The efficacy of silychristin for T4 uptake in MCT8-expressing COS1 cells...Eur Thyroid J (2026) 15 (4): ETJ260003.  doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-26-0003
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 11/08/2026
Expert Consensus on the Management of Myxoedema Coma This document provides recommendations for the diagnosis, initial resuscitation, and definitive management of myxoedema coma based on clinician expertise and experience. Link to statement: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-26-0044
Management of endocrine emergencies: joint consensus statement for management of myxoedema coma
Peter Taylor, Fraser Gibb, Marco Medici, Dhruv Parekh, Carla Moran, Leonidas Duntas, Bijay Vaidya, Colin Dayan, Kristien Boelaert

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Figure 1. Treatment algorithm of myxoedema coma. FT4, free thyroxine; IV, intravenous; NG, nasogastric; TDS, three times daily; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone. Eur Thyroid J (2026) 15 (4): ETJ260044. doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-26-0044.
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 06/08/2026
As advances in immunology, genomics, and precision medicine accelerate, new insights are reshaping how we understand, diagnose, and manage autoimmune thyroid disorders. 📣Contribute to our latest collection and help advance the field: journals.bioscientifica.com/etj/pages/au...
SPECIAL COLLECTION
Autoimmunity and the Thyroid: Advances in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy
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Collection Editors:
- Professor Simon Pearce, MD, FRCP. Professor of Endocrinology, Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Professor Monica Marazuela, MD, PhD. Chief Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Professor Agnieszka Piekiełko-Witkowska, PhD. Full Professor of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education (CPME), Warsaw, Poland

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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 05/08/2026
NEW GUIDELINES 2026 ETA guideline on interference in immunoassay measurements used in assessment of thyroid function Read the guidelines: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-26-0011
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2026 ETA guideline on interference in immunoassay measurements used in assessment of thyroid function
Irene Campi, Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen, Damien Gruson, David Halsall, Veronique Raverot, Sjoerd van den Berg, Carla Moran

European Thyroid Journal. Official journal of the European Thyroid Association.
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 28/07/2026
A new review by Laura Croce et al. critically reviews current evidence & emerging topics in the interaction between obesity and the thyroid axis. The review spotlights the complexity of thyroid responses across different degrees of obesity & during weight loss. 🔗 doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-26-0082
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Obesity-related thyroid reflections: from weight gain to weight loss. Laura Croce, Isabella Chiardi, Silvia Anna Marchiselli Dell’Innocenti, Roberto Parisi, Mario Rotondi.

Table 1. Summary of the main findings of each section.
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 21/07/2026
V.R. Marczyk and J.R. Wang comprehensively review the application of scRNA-seq to characterising tumour heterogeneity, dissecting the tumour microenvironment, & uncovering intratumor heterogeneity with potential therapeutic implications in PTC and ATC. 🔗 Read the review: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0141
Novel Insights in Advanced Thyroid Carcinoma
SPECIAL COLLECTION

Single-cell RNA sequencing: a powerful tool to study heterogeneity in papillary and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Vicente Rodrigues Marczyk, Jennifer Rui Wang

Overview of bulk, single-cell, and spatial RNA sequencing. (A) Bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) generates a single gene expression profile per sample, representing the average transcriptome of all cells present in the tissue. (B) Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) measures gene expression at the level of individual cells, enabling identification of distinct cell populations and cellular states, although tissue dissociation and cell isolation can introduce technical challenges and biases. (C) Spatial RNA sequencing (spRNA-seq) preserves the spatial context of gene expression data by mapping them onto histologic architecture...Eur Thyroid J (2026) 15 (4): ETJ250141. doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0141.

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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 14/07/2026
Research impact goes beyond metrics - it advances scientific understanding, informs clinical practice & improves patient care. Explore our Highly Cited Collection, featuring 2024 articles that are shaping thyroidology: journals.bioscientifica.com/etj/pages/hi...
European Thyroid Journal logo. Official journal of the European Thyroid Association. Q1 Journal in ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM.
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 06/07/2026
New research by Juan J Díez et al. compares levothyroxine treatment adequacy, response distribution, and determinants of inadequacy in a large real-world cohort applying the 2015 versus 2025 American Thyroid Association (ATA) criteria. Read the research: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-...
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Improved adequacy of levothyroxine treatment in low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer using the 2025 ATA criteria: a multicenter real-world analysis of 1,016 patients. By Juan J Díez et al.

Figure 1. Percentage of patients with an excellent response to treatment (A), adequacy of levothyroxine therapy (B), overtreatment among patients with an excellent response (C), and undertreatment among patients with an indeterminate response (D). Each panel displays the percentage of patients evaluated at 12 months and at the last follow-up visit. The white bars correspond to evaluation using the ATA-2015 criteria, whereas the black bars correspond to evaluation using the ATA-2025 criteria. European Thyroid Journal 15, 3; 10.1530/ETJ-26-0066.
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 30/06/2026
New research by Tingting Hu et al. presents the first investigation of the association between thyroid indicators and pre-sarcopenic obesity, as well as its defining components, in a euthyroid cohort. 🔗 Read the research: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-...
Association between thyroid hormone and pre-sarcopenic obesity in euthyroid population: a prospective cohort study. By Tingting Hu et al.

Graphical Abstract. Citation: European Thyroid Journal 15, 3; 10.1530/ETJ-25-0285.
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 22/06/2026
What is the real‑world clinical impact of molecular testing in advanced thyroid cancer? Read the latest research by Prashant Changoer et al. which evaluated the molecular landscape, clinical actionability & outcomes of matched therapy:🔗 doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-26-0074
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Clinical actionability of molecular testing in advanced thyroid cancer: a real-world cohort study. By Prashant Changoer et al.

Figure 3. Treatment outcomes in patients receiving matched therapy. (A) Swimmer plots depicting individual patients treated with matched therapy. Treatments are categorized by the corresponding altered gene. Symbols indicate treatment status: ongoing, discontinued due to progression, or stopped due to toxicity. The number in parentheses following each histological subtype indicates the line of treatment. PD, SD, or PR indicate best response and were determined per RECIST 1.1. (B) Kaplan–Meier survival curve showing overall survival from diagnosis, comparing patients treated with matched therapy to those who did not receive matched therapy. Log-rank test P-value is shown. PR, partial response; SD, stable disease; PD, progressive disease; PTC, papillary thyroid cancer; FTC, follicular thyroid cancer; PDTC, poorly differentiated thyroid cancer; ATC, anaplastic thyroid cancer.
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 08/06/2026
A new retrospective case series by Liyona Kampel et al. explores the histopathologic changes induced by neoadjuvant therapies and their association with radiologic responses in patients with advanced DTC. 🔗 Read the research: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-...
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Pathologic and radiologic response to neoadjuvant therapy in advanced differentiated thyroid cancer. By Liyona Kampel et al.

Figure 1. Radiologic response according to the RECIST 1.1 criteria in eight patients who underwent imaging studies. European Thyroid Journal 15, 3; 10.1530/ETJ-25-0394.
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 02/06/2026
Should the UK adapt its newborn screening programme to detect central congenital hypothyroidism (CeCHT)? Catherine Peters et al. retrospectively evaluated 118 individuals with CeCHT, examining clinical characteristics, time to diagnosis & diagnostic pathways. 🔗 doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-26-0014
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Retrospective, multicentre evaluation of central congenital hypothyroidism in the UK. By Catherine Peters et al.

Figure 2. Venn diagram illustrating clinical features of hypopituitarism, and their concurrence, across the cohort. Numbers refer to the percentage of the cohort. Genitalia: abnormal genitalia. Growth: neonatal growth concerns. Hypoglycaemia and jaundice: neonatal occurrence of these signs. European Thyroid Journal 15, 3; 10.1530/ETJ-26-0014.
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 20/05/2026
A new retrospective cohort study by Paulo Alonso Garcia Alves-Junior et al. investigates the relationship between sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) transcription and protein expression in pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Read the article: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-...
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Assessing the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) in pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma. By Paulo Alonso Garcia Alves-Junior et al.

Figure 2. Immunohistochemical detection of the NIS protein in 20 of 92 tumor samples.
European Thyroid Journal 15, 3; 10.1530/ETJ-25-0237.
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 14/05/2026
We’re pleased to announce a new collection, 'Thyroid Disease and Pregnancy: Update on Diagnosis, Treatment and Outcomes', developed in collaboration with collection editors Associate Prof. Stine Linding Andersen, Prof. Onyebuchi Okosieme and Prof. Kris Gustave Poppe. 🔗 Learn more: bit.ly/4wu0T7w
European Thyroid Journal logo. European Thyroid Association logo.

Thyroid Disease and Pregnancy
Update on Diagnosis, Treatment and Outcomes
Special Collection

Collection Editors: 
Stine Linding Andersen. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital | Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University

Onyebuchi Okosieme. Cardiff University School of Medicine | Cwm Taf Morgannwg Health Board

Kris Gustave Poppe. Endocrine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 12/05/2026
Lenvatinib/pembrolizumab combined therapy is reimbursed in Italy for treatment of locally advanced, metastatic and/or recurrent ATCs. Given the lack of available real‑world data, E. Talpacci et al. conducted a retrospective study providing new real‑world efficacy data. 🔗 doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0301
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Real-world efficacy of lenvatinib/pembrolizumab combination in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: case series from two Italian referral centers. By Edoardo Talpacci et al.

Figure 1. Kaplan–Meier curves of OS (A) and PFS (B) for the whole cohort. European Thyroid Journal 15, 3; 10.1530/ETJ-25-0301.
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 06/05/2026
Could ketogenic metabolism offer a new therapeutic angle for anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC)? A new study by Jiaqi Wang et al. shows that the ketone body acetoacetate suppresses ATC cell growth, migration and invasion, triggering cell‑cycle arrest via autophagy. 🔗 doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-...
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Preliminary study on ketone body metabolism in anaplastic thyroid cancer. By Jiaqi Wang et al.

Figure 1. Effects of AcAc on ATC cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle in vitro. (A, B) Colony formation ability and quantification of colony numbers of 8505C and CAL-62 cells after AcAc treatment. (C) Cell viability curves of 8505C and CAL-62 cells treated after AcAc treatment, with IC50 values indicated. (D, E) Representative cell cycle histograms and quantification in 8505C and CAL-62 cells treated with AcAc. (F, G) Apoptosis ability and quantification of 8505C and CAL-62 cells treated with AcAc. All data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Statistical comparisons between two groups were performed using Student’s t-test. (C, E, G) For multiple-group comparisons, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was used, with a focus on comparisons against the control group (0 mM). ns, no statistically significant difference; ...
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 28/04/2026
New research by Samuel Frey et al. evaluates post‑operative MACEs & cardiac mortality in patients following total thyroidectomy for amiodarone‑induced thyrotoxicosis, comparing pre-operative left ventricular ejection fraction impairment & risk factors. 🔗 doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0292
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Major adverse cardiac events in patients with amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis undergoing thyroidectomy: a multicenter study. By Samuel Frey et al.

Figure 2. Post-operative MACEs and cardiac mortality according to pre-operative LVEF status, and post-operative LVEF change (% of pre-operative LVEF) in those with impaired pre-operative LVEF. (A) MACE (dashed line)- and cardiac mortality (solid line)-free survival estimation in all patients; (B) MACE- and (C) cardiac mortality-free survival in patients with LVEF < 40% and patients with LVEF ≥ 40%. (D) Post-operative LVEF change (% of pre-operative LVEF) in those with impaired pre-operative LVEF (solid line: patients with MACE occurrence within 5 years, dashed line: patients without MACE occurrence within 5 years). MACEs: major adverse cardiovascular events. European Thyroid Journal 15, 2; 10.1530/ETJ-25-0292.
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 15/04/2026
🤖 How reliable are AI chatbots when multiple management options are clinically reasonable? A study by Grigoris Effraimidis et al. compared endocrinologists' answers to clinical scenarios with outputs from 4 conversational AI models. Read the full article #OpenAccess: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0385
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Promise and pitfalls of AI chatbots in complex decision-making for thyroid nodules and papillary thyroid cancer. By Grigoris Effraimidis et al.

Figure 1. Representative example of a chatbot interaction displaying the standardized clinical prompt alongside the verbatim responses generated by ChatGPT for scenario 3 at both assessment time points. European Thyroid Journal 15, 2; 10.1530/ETJ-25-0385.
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 07/04/2026
A new article by Joëlle Wiersema et al. reports on a global effort involving 2 rounds of quality‑control exchange among 5 labs with extensive experience in performing deiodinase assays, with the aim of improving the comparability of assay results across labs. 🔗 doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-26-0041
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Measuring deiodinase activity: a need for standardization? By Joëlle Wiersema et al.

Figure 1. Measured deiodinase activity and median value for the recombinant cell line homogenate with D1 overexpression (cell line A, panel 1A), liver (samples 1–3) and kidney (panel 1B). D1 activity measured in round 1 is represented by open symbols and using the harmonized protocol (round 2) by solid symbols. T4, laboratory uses a T4 tracer instead of rT3.

European Thyroid Journal 15, 2; 10.1530/ETJ-26-0041
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 31/03/2026
New research investigates the interference frequency affecting free thyroid hormone & TSH measurements using the Roche ECLIA, along with characterizing clinical features with various interference types, emphasising the importance of recognising interference patterns. 🔗 doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0396
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Inference in thyroid function tests using the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. By Chisako Imamura et al.

Figure 1. Flow chart of detection of assay interferences in thyroid function tests. All numbers, with or without assay interference, are presented as number of individual patients (n) and tested samples (n). When a participant was measured multiple times, the maximal discordant result was treated as a single case.

European Thyroid Journal 15, 2; 10.1530/ETJ-25-0396
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 24/03/2026
Amiodarone‑induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) can be difficult to manage when standard therapies fail. A new case series reports four severe refractory AIT cases where therapeutic plasma exchange aided preparation for thyroidectomy, which restored euthyroidism. 🔗 doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0351 #OpenAccess
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Plasma exchange aids thyroidectomy in refractory amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis, despite variable biochemical responses. By Michelle Maher et al.

Figure 1
Graphs showing TSH and FT4 levels and medications used to control thyrotoxicosis prior to TPE in all four cases. The shaded grey box indicates the reference interval for FT4. Reference ranges: TSH: 0.27–4.20 mU/L; FT4: 12–22 pmol/L (Cases 1, 2 and 3) and 11.9–21.6 pmol/L (Case 4); and FT3: 2.43–6.01 pmol/L (Case 1) and 3.1–6.8 pmol/L (Cases 2, 3 and 4).

European Thyroid Journal 15, 2; 10.1530/ETJ-25-0351.
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 17/03/2026
🧠 Fatigue is a disabling symptom in Graves’ disease. A new article proposes that autoimmune‑driven inflammation may disrupt astrocyte function and neuronal signalling, contributing to the profound “brain fatigue” many patients report. Read more: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0172
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Brain fatigue in Graves’ disease: symptoms and presentation of a possible mechanism at the cellular level. By Karin Tammelin et al.

Figure 1. Glutamate handling by normal astrocytes. 1. Glutamate (red circles) release from presynaptic terminals and interaction with postsynaptic glutamate receptors (green symbols). 2. Uptake of glutamate into the astrocyte where glutamate is converted into glutamine (blue circles) and transported to presynaptic terminals where it is rebuilt into glutamate. 3. Glutamate in astrocytes signals to glucose carriers to take up energy source (green squares) from blood. 4. Glucose serves as an energy source for astrocytes and is transported to the neuron as lactate (black squares). 5. In neurons, lactate generates energy (ATP) via pyruvate from the mitochondria. European Thyroid Journal 15, 2; 10.1530/ETJ-25-0172
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 10/03/2026
Daniele Ceruti et al. evaluates 2 reference cohorts of patients with sporadic MTC treated at tertiary referral centres in 2 European countries - Italy, where routine CT measurement is included in diagnostic work‑up, & the Netherlands, where it's not. 🔗 doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0381
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Clinical presentation and outcomes of medullary thyroid cancer in two European countries: impact of diagnostic strategies. By Daniele Ceruti et al.

Figure 1. Comparison of disease outcomes at the last follow-up visit between the two cohorts. IAI, Istituto Auxologico Italiano (Italian series); RUMC, Radboud University Medical Centre (Dutch series); DR, disease remission; BiR, biochemical incomplete response; SiR, structural incomplete response.

Citation: European Thyroid Journal 15, 1; 10.1530/ETJ-25-0381.
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 03/03/2026
A new review highlights the significant progress that has been made in the management of thyroid eye disease, attributed to the elucidation of important pathogenic mechanisms and the development of new therapeutics validated in randomised clinical trials. doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0363
New Review.

What has changed in thyroid eye disease in the last five years (2020–2025). By Mario Salvi.

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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 25/02/2026
An expert commentary by Leonidas H Duntas explores the findings of the GRASS trial - a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study evaluating selenium's impact on remission rates and quality of life in patients with Graves’ disease. Read the research: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-26-0009
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The caprices of a trace element: selenium’s considerable effects on Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, though few on Graves’ disease. By Leonidas H Duntas et al.

A simplified figure displaying the main events leading to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Grave’s disease via Th1 and Th2 activation, and the potential sites of selenium (Se) action. (A) Activated by the dendritic cell, naïve helper T cells (CD4+ T cells) can mainly differentiate into two subsets, Th1 and Th2, which are crucial in orchestrating immune responses. Th1 cells produce tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a) along with interferon-γ (IFN-γ), exacerbating inflammation, in synergy with interleukin-6 (ΙL-6), leading to apoptosis (death of follicular cells). In parallel, oxidative stress induces activation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the phosphorylation and degradation of NF-κB inhibitors, thereby allowing NF-κΒ to translocate to the nucleus. NF-κB acts in the nucleus as a master transcription factor in the nucleus, significantly increasing IL-6 production in various cell types. Se supplementation decreases IL-6 production, thereby mitigating the inflammatory process: it activates antioxidant enzymes and increases Treg cells, restoring the balance with Th17 cells. Th2, by producing interleukins, promotes B cell differentiation into plasma cells that produce massive amounts of IgG antibodies, which stimulate the TSH receptor on thyrocytes, promoting thyroid hyperplasia and hyperthyroidism. In mild thyroid eye disease (TED), Se abolishes the effects of oxidative stress in interorbital fibroblasts, reducing hyaluronic acid release, decreasing inflammation, and potentially lowering the production of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). (B) Se enhances selenoprotein P (SELENOP) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity; it is significantly involved in redox processes within the thyrocytes, scavenging H2O2, and its…
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 17/02/2026
Jiao Wang et al. use network toxicology to predict molecular initiators involved in monoethyl phthalate-induced thyroid cancer. The full integrated analysis uncovered new insights into the potential mechanistic link between monoehyl phthalate and thyroid cancer. 🔗 doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0198
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Network toxicology and Mendelian randomization reveal pathogenic factors of monoethyl phthalate-induced thyroid cancer. By Jiao Wang et al.

Figure 1.Venn diagram of the common candidate genes between monoethyl phthalate and thyroid cancer. (A) The intersection of thyroid cancer and monoethyl phthalate sets revealed 72 common candidate genes. (B) The intersection of PTC and monoethyl phthalate sets revealed two common candidate genes (MIR376C and PLEKHA6). (C) The intersection of FTC and monoethyl phthalate sets revealed two common candidate genes (BCL2L10 and PLTP). (D) The intersection of ATC and monoethyl phthalate sets revealed two common candidate genes (MIR376C and PLEKHA6). T&M+: genes overlapping between thyroid cancer and monoethyl phthalate (n = 72). T&M−: genes that do not intersect between thyroid cancer and monoethyl phthalate (n = 18)...European Thyroid Journal 15, 1; 10.1530/ETJ-25-0198
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 13/02/2026
Our new special collection aims to highlight the current state, future directions & challenges of de-escalation strategies in thyroid cancer management. We invite high-quality reviews & original research articles that build on this evolving field. 📧 Submit your proposal to: etj@bioscientifica.com
Less is More: De-escalation in Thyroid Cancer Management Special Collection.

Open for Submissions.

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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 10/02/2026
New research by Jinyoung Kim et al. evaluates the clinical applicability of an AI model, AI‑Thyroid, for thyroid nodules with atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) cytology. doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0268
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Artificial intelligence-assisted risk stratification of thyroid nodules with atypia of undetermined significance. By Jinyoung Kim et al. 

Figure 1. Study flow. This multicenter retrospective study enrolled patients from three data sources. Group 1 included patients identified from the Catholic Medical Center Clinical Data Warehouse, covering Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, and Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital. Group 2 consisted of patients from Hanyang University Hospital. Group 3 comprised patients from Kangbuk Samsung Hospital. AUS, atypia of undetermined significance; FNA, fine-needle aspiration.

European Thyroid Journal 15, 1; 10.1530/ETJ-25-0268
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 03/02/2026
In a new multi‑institutional study, Sule Canberk et al. analyse 363 patients aged 0–25 years to assess the independent association between canonical somatic driver alterations and disease status at last clinical follow-up. Read the full research #OpenAccess: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0310
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The influence of age-independent somatic driver alterations on clinical outcomes in paediatric and young adult thyroid cancer. By Sule Canberk et al.

Figure 1
Association between somatic mutation status and age group (n = 363). *Data are n (%). Cohort restricted to somatically tested patients with a known age group (n = 363). Percentages in positive/negative rows are row percentages; the total row shows column percentages (age distribution). Overall P-value: Pearson χ 2 (2 × 4); when expected counts were <5, the Fisher–Freeman–Halton exact test was used as a sensitivity check (results unchanged). NTRK1/3 = NTRK1 or NTRK3 fusion (union). RAS (N/H/K) = NRAS/KRAS/HRAS. Others = ALK, PAX8– PPARG, BRAF non-V600E, and other specified canonical alterations. Negative indicates the absence of the specified alteration and may include tumours with other driver mutations as well as wild type. Wild type denotes cases tested negative for all specified canonical drivers (Supplemental Table S1).
European Thyroid Journal 15, 1; 10.1530/ETJ-25-0310
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 27/01/2026
New research shows that EU‑TIRADS 4 nodules w back‑wall cystic figures (BWCF) have a lower malignancy risk than EU‑TIRADS 4 nodules w/out BWCF, reinforcing the importance of distinguishing BWCF from other hyperechoic foci to improve risk stratification. Read the article: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0243
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Can back-wall cystic figures of thyroid nodules predict benignity? By Jean-Guillaume Marchand et al.

Table 2. Cytology results by EU-TIRADS category and BWCF presence, and statistical comparisons. European Thyroid Journal 15, 1; 10.1530/ETJ-25-0243.
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 23/01/2026
How valuable is mir‑THYpe full in improving diagnosis & avoiding unnecessary thyroid surgeries? Eduarda Gregorio Arnaut Lima et al. conducts the first external, independent, real‑world validation of this microRNA classifier. Discover the results: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0105
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External validation of a microRNA thyroid classifier: a real-world prospective study. By Eduarda Gregorio Arnaut Lima et al.

Figure 1. Flowchart of the study evaluating thyroid nodules using the mir-THYpe full molecular test.
Citation: European Thyroid Journal 14, 6; 10.1530/ETJ-25-0105
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 16/01/2026
💫 Prof. van Santen, leading paediatric endocrinologist, specialises in endocrine effects of childhood cancer & paediatric thyroid cancer. We're delighted to have her as a Collection Editor on our latest collection. ⏰There's still time to contribute: etj.bioscientifica.com/page/paediat...
Prof. Hanneke M van Santen.

Current Approaches and Challenging Issues in Paediatric Thyroid Carcinoma Special Collection. Open for submissions.

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Collection Editors:
Professor Marek Niedziela, Professor Hanneke M van Santen and Professor Andrew J Bauer.
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 13/01/2026
How valuable is BRAF V600E as an independent prognostic marker? A new review by Garcilaso Riesco‑Eizaguirre concludes that BRAF V600E remains a cornerstone, but its optimal clinical value will be realised within a precision‑oncology framework. doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0225
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Novel Insights in Advanced Thyroid Carcinoma: From Mechanisms to Treatments Special Collection.

New Review: BRAF V600E in thyroid cancer: navigating prognostic uncertainty and therapeutic opportunity. By Garcilaso Riesco-Eizaguirre

Table 1 from: etj.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/etj/14/6/ETJ-25-0225.xml
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 05/01/2026
A new systematic review by Natasha Dowell et al. evaluates the diagnostic test accuracy of the Afirma GSC & ThyroSeq v3 molecular tests in cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. Read the article: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0296
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Comparing the diagnostic accuracy of Afirma GSC to ThyroSeq V3 in cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. By Natasha Dowell et al.

Figure 1. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) flowchart.

Citation: European Thyroid Journal 14, 6; 10.1530/ETJ-25-0296.
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 16/12/2025
💙 Uniting for thyroid health in Africa After the International Round Table - Global Challenges in Thyroid Health at the International Thyroid Congress, an editorial calls for collaboration among continental thyroid societies to strengthen clinical practice & advocacy. doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0374
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New Editorial: Uniting continental thyroid societies to address challenges in thyroid health in Africa: a call to action.
Read the editorial.

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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 08/12/2025
A new review by Bernard Rees Smith, Ricardo Núñez Miguel & Jane Sanders explores the full-length human TSH receptor (TSHR) and how monoclonal autoantibodies activate or inhibit its function. 👉 Read the article: doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0261
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The thyrotropin receptor structure and interactions with autoantibodies. By Bernard Rees Smith, Ricardo Núñez Miguel, and Jane Sanders

Figure 1
Cryo-EM structure of the full-length TSHR in two views rotated 180°. The structure is a monomer; all three domains are visible: leucine-rich repeat domain (LRD), hinge region (HR) and transmembrane domain (TMD). The structure is in cartoon representation, with the disulphide bonds and glycosylation sites in ball-and-stick representation, with oxygen in red, nitrogen in blue and sulphur in yellow. The glycans (shown in purple) are away from the concave surface of the TSHR-ECD, which interacts with TSHR autoantibodies. Cys301 forms a disulphide bond with Cys390, and the residues in between (amino acids 302–389) are missing from the structure. Reproduced with permission of the copyright holder, RSR Ltd.

Citation: European Thyroid Journal 14, 6; 10.1530/ETJ-25-0261
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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 02/12/2025
Prof. Marek Niedziela, leading expert in paediatric thyroid diseases, is a Collection Editor for our latest Special Collection. 📢 Amplify your work - learn more: etj.bioscientifica.com/page/paediatric-thyroid-carcinoma/current-approaches-and-challenging-issues-in-paediatric-thyroid-carcinoma
Headshot of Marek Niedziela
Professor Marek Niedziela, MD, PhD
Head of the Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology
Institute of Paediatrics
Poznan University of Medical Sciences
Poland

Current Approaches and Challenging Issues in Paediatric Thyroid Carcinoma Special Collection. Open for Submissions.

Collection Editors: Prof. Marek Niefziela, Prof. Hanneke M van Santen, Prof. Andrew J Bauer.

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European Thyroid Journal @eur-thyroid-j.bsky.social · 25/11/2025
A new report by Ferdy S van Geest et al. describes a novel 8‑base‑pair duplication in THRB (c.1305_1312dup; (p.R438Lfs445X)) identified in a mosaic pattern in a patient with severe thyroid hormone β (RTHβ), resulting in a distinctive developmental & thyrotoxic phenotype. doi.org/10.1530/ETJ-25-0092
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Extreme resistance to thyroid hormone caused by a novel mosaic thyroid hormone receptor beta mutation. By Ferdy S van Geest et al.

Figure 1
Clinical response to methimazole/Triac therapy. The light-blue bar indicates the age-specific reference interval for free T4; the light-red bar indicates the age-specific reference interval for TSH. The shaded bars indicate methimazole dose; the gray bars indicate Triac dose. Thyroid size is depicted as size of right lobe/size of isthmus/size of left lobe. Total thyroid volume was retrospectively assessed by an expert radiologist based on available ultrasound examinations, unless otherwise specified. *Thyroid volume was directly measured; the ultrasound technician deemed this an underestimation of actual thyroid volume. #A measurement of thyroid volume based on a CT scan is presented here;...Citation: European Thyroid Journal 14, 6; 10.1530/ETJ-25-0092.
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