Negotiating the waters of early modern Tuscany, a region that suffered from terrible flooding and fetid marshlands, was of key importance to Duke Cosimo I de’ Medici. This study explores visual representations relating to the unglamorous task of swamp ...

Abstract From Antiquity onwards, the need to keep mines dry has given rise to the development of water-raising machines. In early modern Europe a series of technological innovations, such as suction-l...