iiinova — where your digital self keeps evolving

Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 22/09/2026

A rising share of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) no longer identify with the faith. Meanwhile, the church has become more racially diverse. New report: www.pewresearch.org/religion/2026/0…

The church’s retention rate also has fallen over this time span. About half of Americans who say they were raised as Latter-day Saints still identify as members of the church in adulthood (54%), according to the 2023-24 RLS. That retention rate has steadily declined since 2007, when it stood at 70%.

While most Latter-day Saints today are White, the church’s members have grown more racially and ethnically diverse in recent decades. The portion of Latter-day Saints who are White has fallen from 85% in 2007 to 72% in 2023-24. Hispanic adults have doubled in share – from 6% to 12% – over this time span, while the percentage of Latter-day Saints who are Black has grown from 2% to 6%.

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 11/09/2026

Here's a "top scientists & science 🧪communicators" starter pack from @mkeyoung.bsky.social & @lassehjorthmadsen.bsky.social.

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Léo Fitouchi @lfitouchi.bsky.social · 08/09/2026

Looking forward to speaking at SPSP Religion & Spirituality Preconference, alongside Conrad Hackett, Patty Van Cappellen, and Kristen Laurin, on Feb 11 in Philadelphia! Submissions are open until October 8: spsp.wufoo.com/forms/2027-p...

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 04/09/2026

I look forward to giving the keynote address at the 2027 SPSP Religion & Spirituality Preconference on February 11 in Philadelphia. Submissions open. Propose a research talk, data blitz, or poster by October 8. spsp.wufoo.com/forms/2027-p... Graduate-student registration fees will be waived.

The 2027 Religion & Spirituality Preconference will be a full-day in-person session on February 11 in Philadelphia, PA (8am - 5pm).

We are now accepting submissions for research talks, data blitzes, and posters through October 8. Plenty of time has been allotted for submitted presentations, so we encourage you to apply.

We have an exciting lineup of invited speakers, including a keynote presentation from Conrad Hackett (Pew Research Center), and podium talks from Patty Van Cappellen (Duke University), Kristin Laurin (UBC), and Léo Fitouchi (MIT & Harvard). There will also be a panel on translational research, a mentorship lunch, and a preconference happy hour.

Graduate-student registration fees will be waived through the support of The John Templeton Foundation.

Details and submission: https://spsp.wufoo.com/forms/2027-preconference-submission-portal/

Please feel free to forward this announcement to graduate students, postdocs, faculty, or research groups working on the psychology of religion and spirituality.

Any questions about submission details may be directed to Nava Caluori (ncaluori@umass.edu)

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 26/08/2026

Linda Woodhead writes of Christianity in Britain: "Today, revival is virtually impossible." theconversation.com/there-may-not-b…

The resilience of old churches But Britain’s churches are not doomed. In light of the recent Christian decline in America, the stately power and traditional ways of the UK’s older churches may turn out to be an asset. Though few people attend regularly, the Church of England, the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of Scotland are still the largest and most powerful of the UK churches. Institutional embeddedness matters. The Church of England is constitutionally established, and all these churches play a central role in the school system by way of state-supported faith schools. Although the Church of England is not funded through taxation like some of its sister churches in Scandinavia, its considerable wealth – around £11 billion – protects it. If generation Z show an interest in religion, it is traditional forms that appeal to them as much as the trendier forms that seek the attention of youth. We see this not just in Christianity, where both the Roman Catholic Church and Orthodox Churches are reporting new interest, but also in Orthodox Judaism and, to some extent, in Islam. Still, the traditional churches are unlikely to return to a position like they held in society as recently as the 1980s. Today, revival is virtually impossible. When American evangelist Billy Graham won converts in Britain, he was not winning over people who had grown up nonreligous, he was speaking to people with a Christian background. Graham projected on a large screen in front of a crowd American evangelist Billy Graham preaching to Christians in Britain, 1989. RichardBaker/Alamy It is sometimes suggested that war or social collapse could lead to a revival of Christianity. That is possible, but history suggests that a plethora of different intense, sectarian kinds of religion and spirituality emerge in such situations. Others argue that the Holy Spirit stirs individual hearts and minds, irrespective of the state of the churches. That is how Protestant Christians have often thought about revival, perhaps recalling Methodist enthusiasm or the chapel movement in Wales. The striking thing about such revivalism, however, is how quickly it can fade. The chapels are mostly closed now. The Methodists are dying out. “Nonconformity” as a whole, still a major force in England in the 1950s, is almost forgotten.

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 19/08/2026

Here's an interesting workshop opportunity in Mexico City (Jan 2027) focusing on formal models of religious and moral phenomena. For early career researchers. Travel funding available. sparrc.substack.com/p/request-fo...

The SCORE Project for Advancing Research on Religion and Cooperation (SPARRC)
Modeling and Theory Development Workshop
January 10-12, 2027
Mexico City
Call for Proposals from Early-Career Investigators
With the support of a grant from the Templeton Religion Trust, and in advancement of its ambitious, multi-decade Social Consequences of Religion (SCORE) Initiative, the SCORE Project for Advancing Research on Religion and Cooperation (SPARRC) will host its second methodology workshop on January 10-12, 2027 in Mexico City.
Our topic this year is “Developing Formal Computational Models of Religious and Moral Phenomena.” Theoretical psychologists have in recent years developed methods for teaching researchers how to translate the informal verbal theories that undergird most social-science thinking into formal computational models, generally articulated in the language of mathematics that are specific, generative, and falsifiable. These methods are new territory for many practicing social scientists, and this small, two-day workshop will provide a gentle introduction to this new way of building research programs.
This workshop will be led by two field leaders in the development and testing of formal computational models in psychology: Professors Fiery Cushman (Harvard University) and Noah Van Dongen (Erasmus University).
We welcome proposals from early-career investigators for travel grants of $3,000 to fund the cost of attending the workshop.

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 13/07/2026

PLEASE SHARE: The Society for the Scientific Study of Religion has immediate opportunity for new Executive Officer. This part-time, remote position pays $55k. Details in attachment. Apply here bit.ly/SSSR-2026-EO.

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 13/07/2026

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 15/06/2026

NEW: The number of countries with high or very high social hostilities involving religion increased for the third year in a row www.pewresearch.org/religion/2026/0…

Four of the world’s five major geographic regions had overall increases on the Social Hostilities Index (SHI) in 2023: the Americas, the Asia-Pacific region, Europe and the Middle East-North Africa region. Sub-Saharan Africa was the only region to register a decrease.

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 09/06/2026

Is a religious revival happening? Watch this video for answers from me, Kati Tervo-Niemelä (University of Eastern Finland), Joel Thiessen (Ambrose University), Sarah Wilkins-Laflamme (University of Waterloo) & David Voas (University College London). www.youtube.com/watch?v=glgPhZ01-O0

youtube.com

Wishful Thinking? Is There a Religious Revival?

Recent media stories in a number of countries suggest that there is a religious revival taking place, with increased worship attendance and young people expr...

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 02/06/2026

Here's a great (free) training opportunity in survey research for undergrads & recent college grads this summer surveydatascience.isr.umich.edu/education/un...

surveydatascience.isr.umich.edu

Undergraduates | MPSDSUndergraduates – MPSDS

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Vegard Skirbekk @vegardskirbekk.bsky.social · 30/05/2026

Are enough births occurring to replace expected deaths? We introduce the “births observed / births needed” ratio as a simple indicator of demographic sustainability — showing why similar fertility rates can imply very different population futures. www.demographic-research.org/articles/vol...

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 30/05/2026

When researchers asked LLMs whether they should switch between religions, LLMs tended to encourage becoming Catholic & shedding atheist & Jehovah's Witness identities. arxiv.org/abs/2605.22975

Models are 58% more likely to encourage users to leave the Jehovah’s Witness religion than the Catholic faith, and 67% less likely to encourage joining it. Atheism is 17% less likely to receive support for joining, and 103% more likely to receive support for leaving.

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 25/05/2026

How Measurement Changes Can Exaggerate the Growth of Religious "Nones" no paywall: sociologicalscience.com/download/vol...

Academic and popular interest in nonreligion has risen in parallel with the growth of religiously unaffiliated populations. In many countries, census and survey questions used to measure religion have been modified to better capture nonreligious identities. Little attention has been given to how these changes in measures affect specific claims about the rise of the “nones.” Although there is no doubt that religiously unaffiliated populations have grown in many countries during the twentyfirst century, the degree of such growth has sometimes been exaggerated due to measurement effects. We review methodological issues that affect the estimates of the size of religiously unaffiliated populations.

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Trish Greenhalgh @trishgreenhalgh.bsky.social · 23/05/2026

Every summer I repost this article on how to spot drowning. Please read it and pass on. In the last few years I’ve had SIX messages from people who saved a kid’s life after clicking on the link from my feed. slate.com/technology/2...

slate.com

Drowning Doesn’t Look Like Drowning

Drowning is not the violent, splashing call for help that most people expect.

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 20/05/2026

Congratulations to the data wizards at @ourworldindata.org who created this elegant tool so you can adjust fertility, mortality & migration rates for any country to see the impact on population sizes & age structures. This is really, really great!! Check it out!! Excellent tool, terrific write up.

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 20/05/2026

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 19/05/2026

"citation count & journal impact factor reveals quantitative studies on secularization tend to be published in higher ranked journals & get more citations. Topics related to philosophy, Catholicism & law get fewer citations. The topic of science & religion is often found in lower ranked journals."

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Elis @eliscl.bsky.social · 21/04/2026

Out now in @jssreligion.bsky.social: Using Swedish full-population data, I show that exposure to religious pluralism through social ties is associated with a lower likelihood that parents baptize their child in the Church of Sweden 👇 onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/...

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Religious Pluralism and Social Networks: How Exposure to Religious Pluralism Through Social Ties Influences Baptism Decisions

A longstanding debate in the sociology of religion has focused on how religious pluralism affects religious participation. Existing research shows mixed findings, often relying on macro-level measure...

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Nonreligion in a Complex Future @nonreligioncf.bsky.social · 19/05/2026

Register now for our upcoming webinar, co-hosted with the Centre for Studies in Religion and Society, "Wishful Thinking? Is There a Religious Revival?," happening on Zoom on May 27 from 12:30pm-2pm ET. Register here: uottawa-ca.zoom.us/meeting/regi...

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 19/05/2026

Reminds me a bit of Jonas Jonasson’s books like The 100-Year-Old Man Who Climbed Out the Window and Disappeared. I loved all his books. I wonder what else is in this genre of audiobook.

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 29/04/2026

The call for papers for the International Society for the Sociology of Religion (ISSR) conference in Buenos Aires (February 15-20, 2027) is open until June 10. I'm looking for submissions about religion & demography. conference-system.sisr-issr.org/con…

This is a flyer advertising the conference session I'm organizing on research at the intersection of religion and demography.

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 28/04/2026

I am honored to become (in August) the president-elect of the Association for the Sociology of Religion. sociologyofreligion.org

sociologyofreligion.org

Association for the Sociology of Religion - Home

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 28/04/2026

David Voas notes YouGov & Bible Society never published the full dataset from the (now retracted) Quiet Revival report. They declined invites for debate. www.iflscience.com/they-basically-r…

Another point of contention surrounding the Quiet Revival report is that, from its publication to its eventual retraction, YouGov refused to let anyone see the data it was built on. “In scientific work, there's this whole movement towards open science,” Voas explained. “If you publish a paper now in a social science journal, you will be expected to make your dataset available to other researchers so they can attempt to replicate your findings. And I think that's a good thing generally.” “Certainly, for something like what amounts to an opinion poll, that should be the case. Well, people like me have been asking YouGov for the last year to release the data, and they resolutely refused to do so.” Now this is not to imply that YouGov were doing anything underhanded with this survey, but the inability to check the claims made in the final report against the data should prompt caution. The Quiet Revival was not a peer reviewed study, and so there was no chance for independent, disinterested

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Andrew Copson @andrewcopson.bsky.social · 24/04/2026

I joined host Adam Fleming and fellow panelist Pat Allerton (better known as the ‘Portable Priest’) on BBC Radio 4’s 'Anti-Social' today to tackle a perennial but increasingly contentious question: Is Britain still a Christian country? www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m...

bbc.co.uk

BBC Radio 4 - AntiSocial

Peace talks for the culture wars.

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 27/04/2026

The USC Center for Religion and Civic Culture invites journalists to propose story ideas that capture the changing nature of American religion. The journalism fellowship will fund journalists to tell deeply reported stories in written or multimedia formats. dornsife.usc.edu/crcc/journal...

dornsife.usc.edu

Journalism Fellowship for Stories for Change in American Religion Initiative - Center for Religion and Civic Culture

USC Dornsife Center for Religion and Civic Culture

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Richard J Hewitt @richardjhewitt.bsky.social · 24/04/2026

Great initiative, sounds a little like @peercomjournal.bsky.social another excellent project which I highly recommend & encourage everyone to support!

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Grumpy Scientist @grumpy-scientist.bsky.social · 24/04/2026

Just found out about the new science journal "Stacks". The editorial board includes the legendary @elisabethbik.bsky.social. Publication costs are what they should be. Moreover, it has an interesting peer-review where reviewers interact, agree and vote for publications. stacksjournal.org

stacksjournal.org

Stacks Journal | Create better science, together.

A scientific journal designed for ease and ethics. Publishing open-access articles, Special Issues, and entire journals.

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 26/04/2026

In this podcast, Edward Awh says studies showing benefits of "brain training" tend not to replicate. He mentions app that could be used to track change in cognitive ability (e.g., dementia onset), like routine blood pressure readings used to track change. 🧪 news.uchicago.edu/big-brains-p...

And so, one fun project that we’ve been working on is to develop a mobile app, not to train your brain, but rather just to measure your current capacity. How are you doing right now in your working memory and attention focus? And we’ve developed a task that can be run in just like one or two minutes. And what we’re hoping is that if people were to use that regularly, they would then have a robust baseline to know what their typical cognitive performance is and when.

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 23/04/2026

NEW: More people have left Catholicism than joined it in 21 of the 24 countries we analyzed. www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/202…

People who leave Catholicism tend to join Protestantism or disaffiliate from religion altogether. Disaffiliation is especially common in parts of Europe and Latin America. That includes Chile, where 19% of all adults are former Catholics who now identify as atheist, agnostic or “nothing in particular.”

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 23/04/2026

NEW: More people have left Catholicism than joined it in 21 of the 24 countries we analyzed. www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/202…

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 23/04/2026

Which AI tool can flag ahead of time all the email typos this human doesn't notice until 30 seconds after I hit send?

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 21/04/2026

Unfortunately, a great number of bogus respondents can sneak into opt-in online surveys, polluting the results. Among Orthodox Christians in a recent opt-in survey, about half seemed to be bogus respondents. orthodoxstudies.substack.com/p/what…

Our team went through the data file and removed the most obviously false responses — the impossible or extremely improbable ages, the ethnic/racial mismatches, the people who gave AI-generated free-response answers. When it was all said and done, we removed 574 of the 1,174 current Orthodox (48.9%) and 422 of the 695 former Orthodox (70.8%). Combined, we removed 53.3% of the respondents we were sent — and remember, that’s after a bunch of bad respondents were already removed in the data cleaning process prior to our receipt of the data.

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 17/04/2026

Here is what Americans consider immoral www.pewresearch.org/religion/202...

Across a wide range of issues, Americans express morally permissive views. Nearly all U.S. adults (96%) say that eating meat is either morally acceptable or not a moral issue, and 91% take similar positions on using contraceptives to prevent pregnancy.
Also:
75% express no moral objection to spanking children.
63% have no moral problem with patients choosing to end their lives with the help of a doctor.
60% have no moral qualms about homosexuality.
These are key new findings from two Pew Research Center surveys in spring 2025 about the morality of 15 behaviors.

We asked about behaviors that are, at least in part, morally debated in society today. We did not focus on behaviors that nearly everyone would likely say are morally wrong (like murder or stealing) or that everyone presumably would find acceptable (like asking for directions or picking up litter).

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 16/04/2026

Say Trump is somewhat or very religious Republicans 50% White evangelicals 49% Catholics 29% Black Protestants 13% Atheists 12% Democrats 10% www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/202…

Overall, 70% of U.S. adults now say Trump is not too or not at all religious, while 24% say he is somewhat religious and 5% say he is very religious. The survey was conducted April 6-12, 2026, just before Trump criticized Pope Leo XIV and posted an image on social media depicting himself as a Jesus-like figure. Trump later deleted the image and said he intended to show himself as a doctor. Democrats and Democratic-leaning independents are much more likely than Republicans and Republican leaners to say Trump is not too or not at all religious (89% vs. 49%).

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 16/04/2026

Say Trump is somewhat or very religious Republicans 50% White evangelicals 49% Catholics 29% Black Protestants 13% Atheists 12% Democrats 10% www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/202…

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 14/04/2026

NEW: We highlight 3 changes in measurement of religious “nones” & call for organizations that make these changes to study their effects. From Matthew Conrad & me. www.surveypractice.org/article/1595...

Change 1: Making it easier to choose “no religion”
As the share of religious “nones” grows, censuses that measure religion are increasingly making “no religion” the first response category in religious identity questions rather than the last. Some respondents may choose this option simply because it appears first, a primacy effect.

In 2011, “no religion” was the last religion response category in Australia. In 2016, Australia made “no religion” the first option and the religiously unaffiliated share rose 9 percentage points from 24% to 33%. Reporting on Australia’s census results, CNN noted that the “nones” outnumbered Catholics for the first time. However, the report didn’t mention that there was a change in response categories that may have contributed to this shift (Berlinger 2017). During this period, the rise of religious “nones” was lower—about three points—on International Social Survey Programme surveys that kept their measure constant.

Other questionnaire design decisions also have made it easiest to choose “no religion.” In 1991, Canada’s census introduced a write-in box for respondents to spell out their religious identity. However, identifying with “no religion” only required filling in a bubble. New Zealand and Poland introduced a similar change in recent censuses. The relative ease of choosing “no religion” may contribute, at least in part, to the rise of the “nones” in these countries.

Change 2: Shifting between one-step and two-step measures of religious identity
One-step measures of religious identity ask a question like, “What is your religion, if any?” and typically offer “no religion” as a response category. By contrast, a two-step question first asks a filter question like “Do you have a religion?” and if respondents say they do, they are invited to specify it. Outside Muslim-majority countries, these two types of questions tend to produce different results (Brenner et al. 2024; Hackett 2014; Voas and Bruce 2004; Voas 2015).

The share of religious “nones” is higher in surveys that use a two-step measure. People with low levels of religious commitment who might volunteer a religious identity in a one-step question tend to fall into the “no religion” bucket in a two-step question.

Slovakia changed from a one-step to a two-step question between 2011 and 2021. In 2021, the unaffiliated share of the population was 25%, up from 15% in the 2011 census. It is possible, however, that much of the apparent change between census waves in Slovakia may have been a measurement artifact. Interestingly, the European Social Survey in 2012 used a two-step question and found an identical unaffiliated share, 25%, as the 2021 Slovakia census, which used a two-step question.

The opposite change could create an illusion of decline in the share of religious nones. For example, as Lithuania switched from a two-step question in 2001 to a one-step question in 2011, the unaffiliated share of the population dropped from 10% to 7%.

These types of changes are not limited to censuses. We observed that the unaffiliated share in Sweden dropped about 10 points between the 2010 ISSP, which used a two-step measure, and the 2011 wave, which used a one-step measure.

Change 3: Changes in survey mode
Changes in survey mode may affect social desirability and coverage biases.

When monthly surveys carried out in Spain by the Center for Sociological Research changed from in-person to phone interviews in April 2020, there was an immediate jump of 5 percentage points in the share of respondents who said they were atheist, agnostic or indifferent toward religion (González and Cabrera 2023).

Many censuses and surveys have transitioned from in-person interviews to self-administered questionnaires. For example, in Hungary, the option to complete the census online or by mail in 2011 may have contributed significantly to the 9-point rise in the unaffiliated share of the population from the 2001 face-to-face census. By contrast, with the same options for completing the census in place in 2021, the unaffiliated share rose only 2 additional points.

A change from primarily face-to-face interviews to a mail-to-web format saw the “no religion” share of U.S. General Social Survey respondents rise 5 points from 2018 to 2021. Some of this increase may have been the result of more religious Americans, including older adults, being less willing to take the survey online (Schnabel et al. 2024).

The need to test the impact of measurement changes
When media coverage overlooks methodological issues, it may mislead the public (Hackett 2013; 2023; Hackett and Tong 2025; Hackett 2026). Reporters may emphasize what appears to be a large change while overlooking, omitting or being unaware of measurement artifacts that exaggerate the change (Berlinger 2017).

Survey and census organizations should research how changes in the way religion is measured affect results. Without such study, it is difficult to distinguish real social change from methodological artifacts. For all who seek to understand religious change, including journalists, religious leaders, policymakers, researchers and the public, it’s vital to disentangle the two (Hackett 2020). Organizations should publish the results of experiments to measure the impact of measurement change. Approaches may include:

Experiments with split-samples: When changing question format, respondents can be randomly assigned to the new and old conditions. Differences between the groups can be used to quantify the measurement effect.

Experiments with two modes: When survey modes are changing, a mode experiment may use the old and new mode of data collection (Pew Research Center 2021).

External data comparisons: While it would be ideal for organizations to conduct their own experiments, they may also evaluate the extent to which religious change has occurred on other high-quality surveys that have maintained consistent methodology during the period of interest.

Organizations should thoroughly describe their methodological changes and draw attention to how changes may affect trend data (Sullivan et al. 2012). Researchers, journalists, and the public need help understanding whether apparent change is primarily the result of measurement change.

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 14/04/2026

How the number of American Sociological Association members has changed over time.

Over the last two decades, membership in the American Sociological Association has dropped from above 14k to below 10k.

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 14/04/2026

What's the likelihood that a resolution to move @asanews.bsky.social away from for-profit publishers and toward open science data policies (where legally & ethically feasible) would have received a majority vote, were such a resolution allowed?

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 13/04/2026

25% of American adults said they did not read or listen to any book in the last year—not even part of one. www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/...

Survey question "In the past 12 months, about how many books did you read either all or part of the way through? (Please include any print, electronic, or audiobooks you may have read or listened to.)" 25% said none, 14% said more than 20 books.

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Conrad Hackett @conradhackett.bsky.social · 13/04/2026

25% of American adults said they did not read or listen to any book in the last year—not even part of one. www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/...

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Jonathan Schulman @jonathanschulman.bsky.social · 10/04/2026

The full dataset from Pew's 2025 Global Attitudes Survey is available for download! A great resource for anyone interested in public opinion that contains rich data from 25 countries. www.pewresearch.org/dataset/spri...

pewresearch.org

Spring 2025 Survey Data

Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World

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